一、WBTQSB-20KVA/100KV工頻交流試驗變壓器概述
YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器是(shi)(shi)根據《試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器》標準，在油(you)浸式試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)基礎上而設計(ji)生產(chan)(chan)的(de)。SF6氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)具有良好的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)性(xing)能(neng)及優(you)異的(de)滅(mie)弧性(xing)能(neng)，其耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)強度(du)為同(tong)一(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)氮(dan)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)2.5倍(bei)，擊穿電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)空氣(qi)(qi)的(de)2.5倍(bei)。在0.25MPa下(xia)與(yu)油(you)的(de)擊穿電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)相(xiang)等，在0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)是(shi)(shi)油(you)的(de)擊穿電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)2倍(bei)，是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種優(you)于油(you)的(de)新一(yi)代超高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)絕(jue)緣(yuan)介質材(cai)料。該產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)技術要求(qiu)完全符合《ZBK-41006-89》標準，它是(shi)(shi)油(you)浸式輕型試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)換代產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)。該產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)具有體(ti)積小、重量輕、不(bu)受氣(qi)(qi)候變(bian)化影響、電(dian)(dian)暈小、現(xian)場搬運無需靜止可使(shi)用，使(shi)用壽命長(chang)、免(mian)維(wei)修等特點。適用于電(dian)(dian)力系統、工礦企業、科(ke)研部門(men)等對各種高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設備、電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)元件、絕(jue)緣(yuan)材(cai)料進(jin)行工頻(pin)或直流高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)的(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)強度(du)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。
二、WBTQSB-20KVA/100KV工頻交流試驗變壓器產品結構
YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器采用單框芯(xin)式鐵芯(xin)結構，初(chu)級繞(rao)組繞(rao)在鐵芯(xin)上，高壓(ya)繞(rao)組在外，這種同軸布置減少了漏磁通，因(yin)而增大了繞(rao)組間的耦合(he)。產(chan)品(pin)的外殼為圓(yuan)柱(zhu)灌(guan)式容器結構，能(neng)耐受0.8MPa以上壓(ya)力。其(qi)結構見圖1：
三、WBTQSB-20KVA/100KV工頻交流試驗變壓器工作原理
YDQ系列高壓試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)為單相(xiang)變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)，聯結組(zu)標(biao)號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用工(gong)頻220V(10kVA以(yi)上為380V)電(dian)源接入(ru) (為本公司(si)生產的(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)配套專用設備，詳(xiang)細資料(liao)請見其(qi)具體使(shi)用說明(ming)書)系列操作(zuo)(zuo)箱(xiang)(xiang)(臺)，經操作(zuo)(zuo)箱(xiang)(xiang)內自偶調壓器(qi)(qi)(50kVA以(yi)上調壓器(qi)(qi)外附)調節至0～200V(或0～400V)電(dian)壓輸(shu)出至YDQ試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)的(de)初級繞組(zu)，根據電(dian)磁(ci)感應原理，在試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)高壓繞組(zu)可獲得(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)所需(xu)的(de)高電(dian)壓。
單臺YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器的(de)工(gong)作原理圖見(jian)圖2。
單(dan)臺YDQ系列交(jiao)直流高壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的工(gong)作原理圖(tu)見圖(tu)3，圖(tu)中高壓(ya)(ya)套管中裝有高壓(ya)(ya)硅(gui)堆，串接在(zai)高壓(ya)(ya)回路(lu)(lu)中作半(ban)波(bo)整流，以獲得直流高電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。當(dang)用一(yi)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)桿(gan)將高壓(ya)(ya)硅(gui)堆短(duan)(duan)接時，可獲得工(gong)頻高電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，作為交(jiao)流輸(shu)出狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態；取消短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)桿(gan)時，作為直流輸(shu)出狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態。
試驗變壓(ya)器高壓(ya)套管中的高壓(ya)硅堆未(wei)畫出，其(qi)原理與上圖相同(tong)。
三臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得(de)更高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接線原理見圖(tu)4。串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有很(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)優越性，因為整個(ge)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置由幾臺(tai)單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)，單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容(rong)量(liang)小、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重(zhong)量(liang)輕，便于(yu)運輸(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)。它既然可串(chuan)接成(cheng)高(gao)出(chu)幾倍的(de)(de)(de)(de)單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)合使(shi)用(yong)，又可分(fen)(fen)開成(cheng)幾套單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單獨使(shi)用(yong)。整套裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置投(tou)資小，經(jing)濟實惠。圖(tu)5中(zhong)(zhong)，在**級(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)每個(ge)單元試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)都有一個(ge)勵磁繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)A1、C1和(he)(he)A2、C2。在三臺(tai)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原理中(zhong)(zhong)，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源加在試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)a1x1上(shang)，單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都是V。勵磁繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)A1、C1給**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)勵磁繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)A2、C2給第(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)(he)第(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)體(ti)分(fen)(fen)別處在對(dui)地(di)(di)(di)為1V和(he)(he)2V的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位上(shang)，所(suo)以(yi)箱(xiang)體(ti)對(dui)地(di)(di)(di)是絕緣(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)體(ti)是接地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)樣(yang)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)(fen)別為1V、2V、3V；其額(e)定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)分(fen)(fen)別為3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高壓試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器做被(bei)試(shi)品的工頻(pin)耐壓試(shi)驗(yan)使用接線原理(li)圖見圖5。
圖(tu)中：R1—限(xian)流電阻(zu)(zu) FRC—阻(zu)(zu)容分壓器 RF—球間隙保(bao)護電阻(zu)(zu) G—球間隙 CX—被試品(pin)
注：高壓尾必須可(ke)靠接地
工頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗中限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)R1應根據試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)額(e)(e)定(ding)容(rong)量來選(xuan)擇。如高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)額(e)(e)定(ding)輸出電(dian)流(liu)在100～300mA時，可(ke)(ke)取0.5～1Ω/V(試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))；高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)額(e)(e)定(ding)輸出電(dian)流(liu)為(wei)1A以(yi)上時，可(ke)(ke)取1Ω/V(試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))。常用水(shui)電(dian)阻(zu)作為(wei)限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)，管子長(chang)度(du)可(ke)(ke)按(an)150kV/m考(kao)慮，管子粗細應具有足夠的(de)熱容(rong)量(水(shui)阻(zu)液配(pei)(pei)制方法：用蒸餾水(shui)加入適量硫酸(suan)銅配(pei)(pei)制成各種不同(tong)的(de)阻(zu)值)。
球間(jian)隙及保護(hu)電阻：當(dang)電壓(ya)超(chao)過球間(jian)隙整定(ding)值時(一般取(qu)試(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya)的110%~120%)，球間(jian)隙放電，對被試(shi)品起到保護(hu)作用。球間(jian)隙保護(hu)電阻可按1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya))選取(qu)。
在(zai)(zai)工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中，低電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表(biao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是(shi)非常準確的(de)，其原因是(shi)由(you)于試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)著漏(lou)抗(kang)(kang)，在(zai)(zai)這個漏(lou)抗(kang)(kang)上(shang)必(bi)然存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)或容升，使(shi)試(shi)品(pin)上(shang)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低于或高(gao)于低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)上(shang)反映出來的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)時，被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)上(shang)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是(shi)所謂容升現(xian)象。感應耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)時，試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)漏(lou)抗(kang)(kang)必(bi)然存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)。為了(le)準確測(ce)量被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)上(shang)所施加的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此(ci)常在(zai)(zai)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側接(jie)入(ru)FRC阻容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器來測(ce)量電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工頻(pin)耐(nai)壓試驗操作注意(yi)事項
1）試驗人員應做好(hao)分工，明(ming)確相互間聯系方(fang)法。并有專門人監護現場**及觀(guan)察(cha)試品狀態。
2）被試(shi)品(pin)應先清掃干凈，并**干燥，以免損壞(huai)被試(shi)品(pin)和試(shi)驗帶(dai)來的誤差。
3）對(dui)(dui)于大型試驗(yan)，一般都應先進行空升試驗(yan)。即不接試品(pin)時升壓(ya)至試驗(yan)電壓(ya)，校對(dui)(dui)各種表計，調整球間隙(xi)。
4）升壓(ya)速(su)度不能太(tai)快，并必須防止突(tu)然(ran)(ran)加壓(ya)。例(li)如調(diao)(diao)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)不在零位時(shi)突(tu)然(ran)(ran)合閘(zha)。也不能突(tu)然(ran)(ran)切斷(duan)電源，一(yi)般應在調(diao)(diao)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)降至零位時(shi)拉(la)閘(zha)。
5）當電(dian)壓升(sheng)至試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓時，開始計時，到(dao)1min后，迅速(su)降壓到(dao)1/3試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓以下時，才能拉開電(dian)源。
6）在升(sheng)壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗過程中(zhong)，如發(fa)現(xian)下列不(bu)正常情況時，應立即降(jiang)壓(ya)，切斷(duan)電源。停(ting)止試(shi)驗并查(cha)明原因：①電壓(ya)表指針擺動很大；②發(fa)現(xian)絕(jue)緣燒焦或冒煙；③被試(shi)品內(nei)有不(bu)正常的(de)聲音。
7）耐壓(ya)試驗前后(hou)應測量絕緣電阻(zu)，檢(jian)查絕緣情況。
試驗變壓(ya)器(qi)在做被試品(pin)的直流耐壓(ya)或泄露試驗時接線原理圖如圖6。
注：此試驗應先抽出短(duan)路桿“D”，圖(tu)6中所(suo)示。
圖中：VD—高壓硅堆(dui) R1—限流電(dian)阻(zu)(zu) C1—高壓濾波電(dian)容 FRC—阻(zu)(zu)容分壓器 CX—被(bei)試品 ; μA—帶保護微安表
泄(xie)露試(shi)(shi)驗中限流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R1選擇在額定輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)，輸出(chu)端短(duan)路電(dian)(dian)流不超(chao)過高壓(ya)硅堆的(de)(de)(de)*大整流。如電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)硅堆的(de)(de)(de)*大整流電(dian)(dian)流為100mA時(shi)用于60kV的(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)驗裝置中，限流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇。限流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)還應具有足夠的(de)(de)(de)容量和沿面放電(dian)(dian)距離(li)。
高壓濾波電容(rong)C1一般選擇在(zai)0.01~0.1μF，當被試品的電容(rong)量很(hen)大時(shi)，C1可省略不用(yong)。
泄露試(shi)驗的操作及注意事項
1）試(shi)驗(yan)前應先檢查被試(shi)品是(shi)否停電，接地放電，一切對外連線是(shi)否擦干凈(jing)。要嚴防將試(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya)加到有人工作的部位上(shang)去。
2）接(jie)好試(shi)驗(yan)裝置(zhi)的接(jie)線后，應復查(cha)無誤后才可加壓(ya)。應特別注(zhu)意檢查(cha)高壓(ya)設(she)備(bei)及引線與地(di)、與操作(zuo)人(ren)員的**距離，被試(shi)品的外殼是(shi)否可靠接(jie)地(di)，要按(an)**規程中(zhong)所規定的內(nei)容進行試(shi)驗(yan)。
3）對于大電容量設備(bei)應緩(huan)慢升壓，防止被試(shi)品的充電電流燒壞微(wei)(wei)安表。必要時(shi)應分(fen)(fen)級加壓，分(fen)(fen)別讀取各級電壓下(xia)微(wei)(wei)安表的穩定讀數。
4）試(shi)驗(yan)過程中(zhong)，應密(mi)切(qie)監(jian)視被試(shi)品、試(shi)驗(yan)裝(zhuang)置、微安表，一旦發生(sheng)擊穿、閃爍等異常現(xian)象應立即(ji)降壓，切(qie)斷電源(yuan)，并查明原(yuan)因，詳(xiang)細記錄。
5）試(shi)驗完畢(bi)，降壓，切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源后應(ying)將(jiang)被試(shi)品及試(shi)驗裝置本(ben)身充分放電(dian)(dian)。
四、WBTQSB-20KVA/100KV工頻交流試驗變壓器注意事項
1、按照(zhao)您所進行的試(shi)驗接(jie)好工作線路。試(shi)驗變壓器的外殼以及操作系統的外殼必(bi)須(xu)可(ke)靠接(jie)地(di)。試(shi)驗變壓器高(gao)壓繞(rao)組的X端(高(gao)壓尾)以及測(ce)量繞(rao)組的F端必(bi)須(xu)可(ke)靠接(jie)地(di)。
2、做串級(ji)試驗時，**級(ji)、第(di)三(san)(san)級(ji)試驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)低壓(ya)(ya)繞組(zu)的(de)X端，測量繞組(zu)的(de)F端以(yi)及高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)繞組(zu)的(de)X端(高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)尾)均接本(ben)級(ji)試驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)外殼。**級(ji)、第(di)三(san)(san)級(ji)試驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)外殼必(bi)須(xu)通過絕緣支(zhi)架(jia)接地。
3、接通電源前(qian)，操(cao)作(zuo)系統的調壓器必須調到(dao)零位(wei)后方可接通電源，合閘，開始升(sheng)壓。
4、從(cong)零(ling)開(kai)始均勻旋轉調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器手輪(lun)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)有：快速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，即(ji)(ji)20s逐級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)；慢(man)速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，即(ji)(ji)60s逐級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)；極慢(man)速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)供選(xuan)用。電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)從(cong)零(ling)開(kai)始按一定的(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方式和速(su)度上升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您所需的(de)(de)額(e)定試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)75%后，在以每秒2%額(e)定試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)速(su)度升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您所需的(de)(de)額(e)定電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，并(bing)密(mi)切注意測量(liang)儀(yi)表(biao)的(de)(de)指示以及被試(shi)品的(de)(de)情況。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過(guo)程(cheng)中或試(shi)驗(yan)過(guo)程(cheng)中如(ru)發現測量(liang)儀(yi)表(biao)的(de)(de)指示及被試(shi)品情況異常，應立即(ji)(ji)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，切斷電(dian)源，查明情況。
5、試驗完(wan)畢后(hou)，應在數秒內(nei)勻(yun)速的將調壓器返回至零位，然后(hou)切斷電(dian)源。
6、本產品不得超過(guo)額定(ding)參數(shu)使用。除試驗必須外(wai)，決(jue)不允許全電(dian)壓通電(dian)或斷電(dian)。
7、再升(sheng)壓或耐壓試驗(yan)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，如發現以下不正常情況時，應(ying)立即降壓，切斷電源，停止試驗(yan)并查明原因(yin)。
⑴電壓表指針擺動(dong)(或數字跳(tiao)動(dong))很大
⑵電流表直線上升
被(bei)試品內有(you)不正常的聲音
8、圖1中第(di)9項(xiang)系壓力(li)閥(fa)及壓力(li)表(biao)，為長期關閉狀(zhuang)態。每6個(ge)月開(kai)閥(fa)一次，以檢(jian)查SF6壓力(li)，應(ying)不小(xiao)于(yu)0.2MPa(檢(jian)查壓力(li)后立即關閉閥(fa)門)，低于(yu)0.2MPa時應(ying)加(jia)(jia)SF6氣體(ti)，以增加(jia)(jia)氣絕緣。
9、耐(nai)壓(ya)實(shi)驗前(qian)后應(ying)測量被(bei)試設備的絕(jue)緣(yuan)電阻，檢查絕(jue)緣(yuan)情(qing)況(kuang)。
10、當試驗變壓器長(chang)期不使(shi)用時，應放置于通風、干燥(zao)、無陽光直(zhi)射的地方。
11、該產品(pin)不允許在(zai)高于45℃的溫度下長期存放(fang)、使用、放(fang)氣。
12、運(yun)輸搬運(yun)途(tu)中不(bu)得(de)重力(li)沖擊。
13、產(chan)品緊固件及壓力閥、壓力表不得擅自(zi)松動。
14、使用(yong)本產品做高壓試(shi)(shi)驗時，出熟悉本說明書外，還必(bi)須嚴格(ge)執行國(guo)家有關標(biao)準和操作規程(cheng)。可參照GB311-83《高壓輸(shu)變(bian)設(she)備(bei)的絕緣配合，高壓試(shi)(shi)驗技術》；《電氣設(she)備(bei)預防性試(shi)(shi)驗規程(cheng)》等。
五、WBTQSB-20KVA/100KV工頻交流試驗變壓器容量選擇
標(biao)稱試驗變壓器容量Pn的確定公(gong)式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中(zhong)：
Pn——標稱試驗變(bian)壓器容量(kVA)
Vn——試驗變壓器的額定輸出高壓的有效(xiao)值(kV)
k ——**系(xi)數。k≥1，標(biao)稱電壓(ya)Vn≥1MV時(shi)，k=2；標(biao)稱電壓(ya)較低時(shi)，k值可(ke)取(qu)高一些。
Ct——被試(shi)品的(de)電容量(pF)
ω——角頻率(lv)，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源的頻率(lv)
被(bei)試設備(bei)的(de)電(dian)容量Ct可由(you)交流電(dian)橋測(ce)出。Ct的(de)變化很大，
可由設備(bei)的類型(xing)而定。
典型數據如下：
簡單的棒式(shi)或懸式(shi)絕緣(yuan)子 幾十微法(fa)
簡單的分級(ji)套管 100～1000pF
電壓互感器 200 ～ 500pF
電力變壓器 < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA ; 1000～10000pF
高壓電力電纜和(he)油浸紙絕緣 250～300pF/m
氣體(ti)絕緣(yuan) ～60pF/m
封(feng)閉變(bian)電站，SF6氣(qi)體絕緣 100～10000Pf;
對于不同的試驗(yan)電壓Vn，選擇不同的(適當的)**系(xi)數(shu)k。
以下列出不同的(de)Vn所選用的(de)k值供參考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn >; 300kV k = 2