一(yi)、WBTQSB-3KVA/50KV交直流耐壓發生器概述(shu)
YDQ系列高壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)是根據《試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)》標(biao)準，在油(you)(you)浸(jin)式試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)基礎上而設(she)計(ji)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)。SF6氣(qi)(qi)體具有(you)(you)良好的(de)電氣(qi)(qi)絕緣(yuan)性(xing)能(neng)及優異的(de)滅弧(hu)性(xing)能(neng)，其(qi)耐壓(ya)(ya)強度為同一(yi)(yi)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)下(xia)(xia)氮(dan)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)2.5倍，擊(ji)穿(chuan)電壓(ya)(ya)的(de)空氣(qi)(qi)的(de)2.5倍。在0.25MPa下(xia)(xia)與油(you)(you)的(de)擊(ji)穿(chuan)電壓(ya)(ya)相等(deng)，在0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)力(li)下(xia)(xia)是油(you)(you)的(de)擊(ji)穿(chuan)電壓(ya)(ya)的(de)2倍，是一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)優于油(you)(you)的(de)新一(yi)(yi)代超高壓(ya)(ya)絕緣(yuan)介質(zhi)材(cai)料。該產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)技術要求完(wan)全符(fu)合《ZBK-41006-89》標(biao)準，它是油(you)(you)浸(jin)式輕(qing)型試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)換(huan)代產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)。該產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)具有(you)(you)體積小、重量輕(qing)、不受氣(qi)(qi)候變(bian)(bian)化影響、電暈小、現場搬運無需(xu)靜止可使用，使用壽命長(chang)、免(mian)維修等(deng)特(te)點。適(shi)用于電力(li)系統(tong)、工(gong)礦企業、科研(yan)部門等(deng)對各種(zhong)(zhong)高壓(ya)(ya)電氣(qi)(qi)設(she)備、電氣(qi)(qi)元件(jian)、絕緣(yuan)材(cai)料進(jin)行工(gong)頻或直流高壓(ya)(ya)下(xia)(xia)的(de)絕緣(yuan)強度試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。
二、WBTQSB-3KVA/50KV交直流耐壓發生器產品結構
YDQ系列高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)采(cai)用(yong)單框芯(xin)(xin)式鐵(tie)芯(xin)(xin)結(jie)構，初級繞組(zu)繞在鐵(tie)芯(xin)(xin)上，高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)繞組(zu)在外(wai)，這種同(tong)軸布置(zhi)減少(shao)了(le)漏磁通，因而(er)增大(da)了(le)繞組(zu)間(jian)的(de)耦合。產品的(de)外(wai)殼為(wei)圓柱灌式容器(qi)結(jie)構，能耐受0.8MPa以上壓(ya)(ya)力。其結(jie)構見圖(tu)1：
三、WBTQSB-3KVA/50KV交直流耐壓發生器工作原理
YDQ系列(lie)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)為(wei)單相變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)，聯結組(zu)標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用(yong)工頻220V(10kVA以(yi)上為(wei)380V)電源(yuan)接入 (為(wei)本(ben)公司生產的(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)配(pei)套專用(yong)設備，詳細資(zi)料請見(jian)其具(ju)體使(shi)用(yong)說明書)系列(lie)操(cao)作箱(xiang)(臺)，經操(cao)作箱(xiang)內自偶調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(50kVA以(yi)上調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)外附)調節至(zhi)0～200V(或0～400V)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)輸出(chu)至(zhi)YDQ試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)初級繞(rao)組(zu)，根據(ju)電磁感應原(yuan)理，在試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)可獲得試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)所需的(de)(de)高(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列高壓試驗(yan)變壓器的工作(zuo)原理(li)圖(tu)見(jian)圖(tu)2。
單臺YDQ系列交(jiao)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)高壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器的工(gong)作原理(li)圖(tu)見圖(tu)3，圖(tu)中高壓(ya)套管中裝有高壓(ya)硅(gui)堆，串接在高壓(ya)回(hui)路中作半波整流(liu)，以獲(huo)得直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)高電壓(ya)。當用(yong)一短(duan)路桿(gan)將(jiang)高壓(ya)硅(gui)堆短(duan)接時，可獲(huo)得工(gong)頻高電壓(ya)，作為交(jiao)流(liu)輸(shu)出狀態(tai)；取(qu)消(xiao)短(duan)路桿(gan)時，作為直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)輸(shu)出狀態(tai)。
試驗變壓器高(gao)壓套(tao)管中(zhong)的高(gao)壓硅堆未畫出，其(qi)原(yuan)理(li)與上圖相同。
三(san)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)獲得(de)更高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)接線原(yuan)理見圖4。串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)有很大的(de)優越(yue)性，因為(wei)(wei)(wei)整個(ge)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)裝(zhuang)置由幾(ji)臺(tai)單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)組(zu)成(cheng)，單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)容量小、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重量輕，便于運輸(shu)和(he)安(an)裝(zhuang)。它既然可串(chuan)接成(cheng)高(gao)出幾(ji)倍(bei)的(de)單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)合使(shi)用(yong)，又可分(fen)開成(cheng)幾(ji)套單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)單(dan)(dan)獨使(shi)用(yong)。整套裝(zhuang)置投資小，經濟實惠(hui)。圖5中，在**級(ji)(ji)和(he)**級(ji)(ji)的(de)每(mei)個(ge)單(dan)(dan)元試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)中都(dou)(dou)有一(yi)個(ge)勵磁(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)A1、C1和(he)A2、C2。在三(san)臺(tai)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)基本原(yuan)理中，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源加(jia)在試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅰ的(de)初級(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)a1x1上(shang)，單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都(dou)(dou)是V。勵磁(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)A1、C1給**級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅱ的(de)初級(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅱ的(de)勵磁(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)A2、C2給第三(san)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅲ的(de)初級(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅱ和(he)第三(san)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅲ的(de)箱(xiang)體分(fen)別(bie)處在對地(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1V和(he)2V的(de)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)上(shang)，所以箱(xiang)體對地(di)(di)是絕緣的(de)，試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅰ的(de)箱(xiang)體是接地(di)(di)的(de)。這(zhe)樣**級(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)、第三(san)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)對地(di)(di)的(de)額定輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1V、2V、3V；其額定容量分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高壓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓器做(zuo)被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)的工頻(pin)耐壓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)使用(yong)接線原理圖(tu)見圖(tu)5。
圖中：R1—限流電阻 FRC—阻容(rong)分壓器 RF—球(qiu)間(jian)隙保護電阻 G—球(qiu)間(jian)隙 CX—被試品
注：高壓尾必須可靠接地
工頻耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)中(zhong)限(xian)流電阻R1應(ying)根據試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)器的額(e)定容量(liang)來選擇(ze)。如(ru)高壓(ya)側額(e)定輸出(chu)電流在100～300mA時，可(ke)取0.5～1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya))；高壓(ya)側額(e)定輸出(chu)電流為1A以上時，可(ke)取1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya))。常(chang)用水(shui)(shui)電阻作(zuo)為限(xian)流電阻，管子(zi)長度可(ke)按150kV/m考慮，管子(zi)粗細應(ying)具有足夠的熱容量(liang)(水(shui)(shui)阻液(ye)配制(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法：用蒸餾水(shui)(shui)加(jia)入(ru)適(shi)量(liang)硫酸銅配制(zhi)(zhi)成各種不同的阻值)。
球間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)及保護電(dian)阻(zu)：當電(dian)壓超過(guo)球間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)整定(ding)值(zhi)時(一般取試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓的110%~120%)，球間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)放電(dian)，對被(bei)試(shi)品起到保護作用。球間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)保護電(dian)阻(zu)可(ke)按(an)1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓)選取。
在(zai)工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)中，低電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測量電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀(yi)表電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是(shi)非(fei)常準確(que)的(de)(de)，其原因(yin)是(shi)由于試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器存在(zai)著漏(lou)抗(kang)(kang)，在(zai)這個漏(lou)抗(kang)(kang)上必然存在(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)(jiang)或容(rong)升，使試(shi)(shi)品上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低于或高于低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測量電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表上反映(ying)出來(lai)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時(shi)，被(bei)試(shi)(shi)品上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是(shi)所謂容(rong)升現(xian)象。感(gan)應耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時(shi)，試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)漏(lou)抗(kang)(kang)必然存在(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)(jiang)。為了準確(que)測量被(bei)試(shi)(shi)品上所施加(jia)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因(yin)此常在(zai)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側接入FRC阻(zu)容(rong)分(fen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器來(lai)測量電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工頻耐壓試驗(yan)操作注意(yi)事項(xiang)
1）試驗(yan)人員應做好分工，明確相互(hu)間聯系(xi)方(fang)法。并有專門人監護現場**及觀察(cha)試品狀(zhuang)態。
2）被(bei)試(shi)品應先清掃干凈，并(bing)**干燥，以免(mian)損壞(huai)被(bei)試(shi)品和(he)試(shi)驗(yan)帶(dai)來的誤(wu)差(cha)。
3）對于大型試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，一般都應先(xian)進行空升(sheng)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。即不接試(shi)(shi)品時升(sheng)壓至試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電壓，校對各種表(biao)計，調整球間隙。
4）升壓速度不(bu)能太快(kuai)，并必須防止突(tu)然加壓。例如調(diao)壓器不(bu)在零(ling)位時突(tu)然合閘(zha)。也不(bu)能突(tu)然切斷電源，一般應(ying)在調(diao)壓器降至零(ling)位時拉(la)閘(zha)。
5）當電壓(ya)升(sheng)至試(shi)驗電壓(ya)時，開(kai)始計(ji)時，到1min后，迅速降(jiang)壓(ya)到1/3試(shi)驗電壓(ya)以下時，才能拉開(kai)電源。
6）在升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)或(huo)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗過(guo)程中，如發現(xian)下列不(bu)正(zheng)常(chang)情(qing)況(kuang)時，應(ying)立(li)即(ji)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，切斷(duan)電源。停止試驗并查明原因：①電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)表指針擺(bai)動很(hen)大(da)；②發現(xian)絕(jue)緣燒焦或(huo)冒(mao)煙；③被(bei)試品內(nei)有不(bu)正(zheng)常(chang)的聲(sheng)音。
7）耐壓試驗前后應(ying)測量絕(jue)緣電(dian)阻(zu)，檢查絕(jue)緣情況(kuang)。
試驗(yan)變壓器在(zai)做(zuo)被試品的直(zhi)流耐壓或泄露試驗(yan)時接線原理圖如圖6。
注：此試驗(yan)應先抽出短路(lu)桿“D”，圖6中(zhong)所示(shi)。
圖(tu)中(zhong)：VD—高壓(ya)硅堆 R1—限(xian)流電阻 C1—高壓(ya)濾波電容(rong) FRC—阻容(rong)分壓(ya)器(qi) CX—被試品 μA—帶保護微安表
泄露(lu)試(shi)驗中限(xian)流電(dian)阻R1選(xuan)擇在(zai)額定輸(shu)出電(dian)壓時，輸(shu)出端(duan)短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)流不超過(guo)高壓硅堆的*大(da)整(zheng)(zheng)流。如電(dian)壓硅堆的*大(da)整(zheng)(zheng)流電(dian)流為100mA時用于60kV的試(shi)驗裝置中，限(xian)流電(dian)阻按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選(xuan)擇。限(xian)流電(dian)阻還(huan)應具(ju)有(you)足夠(gou)的容量和(he)沿面放電(dian)距離。
高壓(ya)濾(lv)波(bo)電容C1一(yi)般(ban)選擇在0.01~0.1μF，當被試品的電容量很大時，C1可省略不用。
泄(xie)露試驗的(de)操作及注意事項
1）試(shi)驗前應先檢查被試(shi)品是(shi)否停電，接地放(fang)電，一切對外連線是(shi)否擦干(gan)凈。要(yao)嚴防(fang)將試(shi)驗電壓加到有(you)人工作的部位上(shang)去。
2）接(jie)好試(shi)驗裝置的接(jie)線后，應(ying)(ying)復查無誤(wu)后才(cai)可加壓。應(ying)(ying)特別(bie)注意檢查高壓設(she)備及引線與地(di)、與操作人員的**距離，被試(shi)品的外殼是否可靠接(jie)地(di)，要按**規程中所規定的內(nei)容進行試(shi)驗。
3）對于大電(dian)容量設備應緩慢升(sheng)壓，防止(zhi)被試品(pin)的充電(dian)電(dian)流燒壞微安表。必要時(shi)應分(fen)級加壓，分(fen)別(bie)讀取各(ge)級電(dian)壓下微安表的穩定讀數。
4）試(shi)驗過程(cheng)中，應(ying)密切監視(shi)被試(shi)品、試(shi)驗裝置、微(wei)安表，一旦發生擊(ji)穿、閃爍等異常現(xian)象應(ying)立即降壓，切斷電(dian)源(yuan)，并查(cha)明原因(yin)，詳細記錄。
5）試驗完畢，降(jiang)壓(ya)，切斷(duan)電(dian)源后應(ying)將被試品及試驗裝置(zhi)本身充分放電(dian)。
四、WBTQSB-3KVA/50KV交直流耐壓發生器注意事項
1、按(an)照您所進(jin)行的試驗接好工作(zuo)線路。試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的外殼以(yi)及操作(zuo)系統的外殼必須(xu)可靠(kao)接地。試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器高壓(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)的X端(高壓(ya)(ya)尾)以(yi)及測量(liang)繞(rao)組(zu)的F端必須(xu)可靠(kao)接地。
2、做串級試驗(yan)時(shi)，**級、第三級試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器的低壓(ya)繞組(zu)的X端，測量繞組(zu)的F端以及高壓(ya)繞組(zu)的X端(高壓(ya)尾)均接本級試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器的外(wai)殼。**級、第三級試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器的外(wai)殼必須通(tong)過絕緣支架接地。
3、接通(tong)電源前，操作系統的(de)調(diao)壓器必須(xu)調(diao)到零位(wei)后方可接通(tong)電源，合閘，開始升壓。
4、從零(ling)(ling)開始均(jun)勻旋轉調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)手(shou)輪升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方法(fa)(fa)有：快速(su)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)，即(ji)(ji)20s逐級(ji)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)；慢速(su)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)，即(ji)(ji)60s逐級(ji)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)；極慢速(su)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)供選用(yong)。電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)從零(ling)(ling)開始按(an)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方式和速(su)度上升(sheng)到(dao)(dao)您(nin)所(suo)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)定試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)75%后(hou)，在以(yi)每秒2%額(e)定試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)度升(sheng)到(dao)(dao)您(nin)所(suo)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)定電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，并密切注意測量儀表的(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)示(shi)以(yi)及被試(shi)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)況。升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過程(cheng)(cheng)中或(huo)試(shi)驗過程(cheng)(cheng)中如發現測量儀表的(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)示(shi)及被試(shi)品情(qing)(qing)況異(yi)常，應立即(ji)(ji)降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，切斷電(dian)源，查(cha)明情(qing)(qing)況。
5、試驗完畢后(hou)，應在數秒內勻速的將調(diao)壓(ya)器返(fan)回至零位，然后(hou)切斷電源(yuan)。
6、本(ben)產品不得超過額定參(can)數使用。除(chu)試驗(yan)必須外，決不允許全(quan)電壓通電或(huo)斷電。
7、再升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)或耐壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)過程中，如發現以下(xia)不正(zheng)常情況時，應立即降壓(ya)(ya)，切斷電(dian)源，停止(zhi)試驗(yan)并查明原因。
⑴電壓表指針(zhen)擺動(或數字跳(tiao)動)很大
⑵電流表直(zhi)線上升(sheng)
被試品內有不正常(chang)的(de)聲音
8、圖1中(zhong)第9項系壓(ya)力(li)(li)閥(fa)及壓(ya)力(li)(li)表，為(wei)長期關(guan)閉(bi)狀態(tai)。每6個(ge)月開閥(fa)一次，以(yi)(yi)檢(jian)查SF6壓(ya)力(li)(li)，應(ying)不小于(yu)(yu)0.2MPa(檢(jian)查壓(ya)力(li)(li)后立即關(guan)閉(bi)閥(fa)門)，低于(yu)(yu)0.2MPa時(shi)應(ying)加(jia)SF6氣體，以(yi)(yi)增加(jia)氣絕(jue)緣。
9、耐壓實驗前后應測量被試設備的絕(jue)緣(yuan)電阻，檢查絕(jue)緣(yuan)情況。
10、當試驗變壓器長期不使用時，應放置于通風、干燥、無(wu)陽光直射的地方。
11、該(gai)產品不(bu)允許在高于45℃的溫(wen)度(du)下(xia)長(chang)期(qi)存放、使用(yong)、放氣。
12、運輸搬運途中不得(de)重力沖擊。
13、產品緊固件及(ji)壓力閥(fa)、壓力表不得擅自(zi)松動。
14、使用本(ben)產品做高壓試驗時，出(chu)熟(shu)悉本(ben)說(shuo)明書外，還(huan)必(bi)須嚴(yan)格執行國家有(you)關標準和操作(zuo)規(gui)程。可(ke)參照GB311-83《高壓輸變(bian)設備(bei)的絕緣配(pei)合(he)，高壓試驗技術》；《電氣設備(bei)預防(fang)性試驗規(gui)程》等(deng)。
五、WBTQSB-3KVA/50KV交直流耐壓發生器容量選擇
標稱試驗變壓器容量Pn的確定公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中(zhong)：
Pn——標稱試(shi)驗變(bian)壓器容量(kVA)
Vn——試驗變壓器的額定輸出高壓的有(you)效值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標稱(cheng)電(dian)壓Vn≥1MV時，k=2；標稱(cheng)電(dian)壓較(jiao)低時，k值可取高一些。
Ct——被試品的電容量(pF)
ω——角頻(pin)率(lv)，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源的頻(pin)率(lv)
被試設(she)備的電(dian)容量Ct可由交流電(dian)橋測(ce)出。Ct的變(bian)化很(hen)大(da)，
可由設(she)備(bei)的類型(xing)而定。
典型數(shu)據如下：
簡單(dan)的棒式或懸(xuan)式絕緣子 幾十微法
簡單(dan)的分級(ji)套管 100～1000pF
電壓互感器 200 ～ 500pF
電(dian)力(li)變壓器 ; < 1000kVA ～1000pF
>; 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高壓電力電纜和油浸紙(zhi)絕緣(yuan) ; 250～300pF/m
氣體絕緣(yuan) ; ～60pF/m
封(feng)閉變電站(zhan)，SF6氣體絕緣 100～10000Pf;
對于不(bu)同(tong)的試驗電(dian)壓(ya)Vn，選擇不(bu)同(tong)的(適(shi)當的)**系數k。
以下列出不同的(de)Vn所選用的(de)k值供參考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2