一(yi)、WBTQSB-5KVA/100KV高壓耐壓成套裝置概述
YDQ系(xi)列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)是根據《試驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)》標(biao)準，在油(you)浸式試驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)而設計生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)體(ti)具有(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)性能及(ji)優異的(de)(de)(de)(de)滅弧性能，其(qi)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強度為同一(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下氮氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍，擊(ji)穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍。在0.25MPa下與油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相等(deng)，在0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下是油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍，是一(yi)種優于油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)一(yi)代(dai)超高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)絕(jue)緣(yuan)介質材(cai)料。該(gai)產(chan)品技術要求完全符合(he)《ZBK-41006-89》標(biao)準，它(ta)是油(you)浸式輕型試驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)換代(dai)產(chan)品。該(gai)產(chan)品具有(you)體(ti)積小、重量輕、不受氣(qi)候變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)影響、電(dian)(dian)暈小、現場搬(ban)運無需靜止可使(shi)用，使(shi)用壽命(ming)長、免維(wei)修等(deng)特點。適用于電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統、工礦(kuang)企業(ye)、科研部門(men)等(deng)對各種高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備、電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)元件、絕(jue)緣(yuan)材(cai)料進行工頻或直流(liu)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)強度試驗。
二、WBTQSB-5KVA/100KV高壓耐壓成套裝置產品結構
YDQ系(xi)列高壓試(shi)驗變壓器采用單框芯(xin)式鐵(tie)芯(xin)結(jie)構，初級繞組繞在(zai)鐵(tie)芯(xin)上(shang)，高壓繞組在(zai)外，這種(zhong)同軸布置減少了漏(lou)磁通，因而增大(da)了繞組間的耦(ou)合。產(chan)品的外殼為(wei)圓柱灌式容器結(jie)構，能(neng)耐受(shou)0.8MPa以上(shang)壓力。其(qi)結(jie)構見(jian)圖1：
三、WBTQSB-5KVA/100KV高壓耐壓成套裝置工作原理
YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)為(wei)單相變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)，聯(lian)結組(zu)標(biao)號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用(yong)工頻220V(10kVA以上為(wei)380V)電(dian)源接入(ru) (為(wei)本公(gong)司生產的(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)配套專用(yong)設(she)備，詳(xiang)細資料請見其具體使用(yong)說明(ming)書)系列操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)箱(臺)，經(jing)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)箱內自偶調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(50kVA以上調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)外附(fu))調節(jie)至0～200V(或(huo)0～400V)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輸出至YDQ試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)初級繞組(zu)，根據電(dian)磁(ci)感應原理，在試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)繞組(zu)可獲得試(shi)(shi)驗所需的(de)(de)高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。
單(dan)臺YDQ系(xi)列高壓試驗變壓器的工作原理(li)圖見圖2。
單臺(tai)YDQ系列(lie)交直流(liu)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的工作(zuo)原理圖(tu)見圖(tu)3，圖(tu)中高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)套(tao)管中裝有高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)硅堆(dui)，串接(jie)在高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)回路中作(zuo)半波整流(liu)，以獲(huo)得直流(liu)高(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)。當用一短(duan)路桿將高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)硅堆(dui)短(duan)接(jie)時(shi)，可(ke)獲(huo)得工頻(pin)高(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)，作(zuo)為交流(liu)輸(shu)出狀態；取消(xiao)短(duan)路桿時(shi)，作(zuo)為直流(liu)輸(shu)出狀態。
試驗變壓器高壓套管中的高壓硅堆未畫出，其原理與上圖相同。
三(san)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲(huo)得更高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)線(xian)原理(li)見(jian)圖(tu)4。串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優越性，因為整(zheng)個試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)置由幾臺單(dan)(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)成，單(dan)(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)容量(liang)小、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重量(liang)輕，便于(yu)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)和(he)安裝(zhuang)。它既然可串(chuan)接(jie)成高出幾倍的(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)合(he)使(shi)用，又可分開(kai)成幾套(tao)單(dan)(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)(dan)獨(du)使(shi)用。整(zheng)套(tao)裝(zhuang)置投資小，經(jing)濟(ji)實惠。圖(tu)5中，在**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)每個單(dan)(dan)元試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中都(dou)(dou)有一個勵磁(ci)繞組(zu)(zu)A1、C1和(he)A2、C2。在三(san)臺串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原理(li)中，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源加在試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)a1x1上，單(dan)(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都(dou)(dou)是V。勵磁(ci)繞組(zu)(zu)A1、C1給**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)勵磁(ci)繞組(zu)(zu)A2、C2給第(di)三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)第(di)三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)體(ti)分別處在對(dui)地為1V和(he)2V的(de)(de)(de)(de)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位上，所以箱(xiang)體(ti)對(dui)地是絕(jue)緣的(de)(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)體(ti)是接(jie)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分別為1V、2V、3V；其額(e)定(ding)容量(liang)分別為3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器(qi)做被試品的工頻耐(nai)壓(ya)試驗使用(yong)接線原(yuan)理圖見(jian)圖5。
圖中：R1—限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻 FRC—阻容分壓器 RF—球間隙保護電(dian)阻 G—球間隙 CX—被(bei)試品
注：高壓尾(wei)必須可靠接地
工頻耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗中限流電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R1應(ying)(ying)根(gen)據試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器的(de)額定容(rong)量來選擇(ze)。如高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)側(ce)額定輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)流在(zai)100～300mA時，可取0.5～1Ω/V(試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya))；高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)側(ce)額定輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)流為1A以上時，可取1Ω/V(試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya))。常用水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)作(zuo)為限流電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，管子長度可按150kV/m考(kao)慮，管子粗細應(ying)(ying)具有(you)足夠的(de)熱容(rong)量(水(shui)阻(zu)液(ye)配制(zhi)方(fang)法：用蒸餾水(shui)加(jia)入適量硫酸銅配制(zhi)成各種不同的(de)阻(zu)值)。
球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隙及保(bao)(bao)護電(dian)(dian)阻：當電(dian)(dian)壓超過球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隙整(zheng)定值時(shi)(一般取試驗電(dian)(dian)壓的110%~120%)，球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隙放(fang)電(dian)(dian)，對被試品起到保(bao)(bao)護作用。球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隙保(bao)(bao)護電(dian)(dian)阻可按1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)(dian)壓)選取。
在工(gong)頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中，低電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表(biao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是非常(chang)準確的(de)(de)，其原因是由于(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)存(cun)(cun)在著漏抗(kang)(kang)，在這個(ge)漏抗(kang)(kang)上必然存(cun)(cun)在著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降或(huo)容(rong)(rong)升(sheng)，使試(shi)(shi)(shi)品上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低于(yu)或(huo)高于(yu)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)上反映出來的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工(gong)頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時，被(bei)試(shi)(shi)(shi)品上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也(ye)就是所(suo)謂(wei)容(rong)(rong)升(sheng)現(xian)象。感應耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時，試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)漏抗(kang)(kang)必然存(cun)(cun)在著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為了準確測(ce)量(liang)(liang)被(bei)試(shi)(shi)(shi)品上所(suo)施(shi)加的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此常(chang)在高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)接入FRC阻容(rong)(rong)分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)來測(ce)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工(gong)頻(pin)耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)操作注意事(shi)項
1）試驗人(ren)員應做好分工，明確(que)相互間(jian)聯系(xi)方(fang)法。并有專門人(ren)監護現(xian)場(chang)**及觀察試品狀態(tai)。
2）被試(shi)品應先清掃(sao)干凈，并**干燥，以免損壞(huai)被試(shi)品和試(shi)驗帶來的(de)誤差。
3）對于大(da)型試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗，一般都應(ying)先進(jin)行(xing)空升(sheng)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗。即不接試(shi)(shi)(shi)品時升(sheng)壓至試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗電壓，校對各(ge)種表計，調整球間隙。
4）升壓速度不(bu)能太快，并(bing)必須防止突(tu)然(ran)(ran)加壓。例如調壓器不(bu)在零(ling)位(wei)時突(tu)然(ran)(ran)合閘。也不(bu)能突(tu)然(ran)(ran)切斷(duan)電(dian)源(yuan)，一般應在調壓器降至零(ling)位(wei)時拉閘。
5）當電壓(ya)(ya)升(sheng)至試(shi)(shi)驗電壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)，開始計時(shi)，到(dao)(dao)1min后，迅速降壓(ya)(ya)到(dao)(dao)1/3試(shi)(shi)驗電壓(ya)(ya)以下時(shi)，才(cai)能拉開電源(yuan)。
6）在升壓(ya)(ya)或(huo)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)過程中(zhong)，如(ru)發現下列不(bu)正(zheng)常(chang)情況時，應立即降壓(ya)(ya)，切斷電源。停止試驗(yan)(yan)并(bing)查明原因：①電壓(ya)(ya)表(biao)指針(zhen)擺動很大(da)；②發現絕(jue)緣燒(shao)焦(jiao)或(huo)冒煙；③被試品(pin)內有不(bu)正(zheng)常(chang)的(de)聲音。
7）耐(nai)壓試驗前后應測量絕(jue)緣電阻，檢查絕(jue)緣情況。
試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器在做(zuo)被試(shi)品(pin)的直流耐壓(ya)或泄露(lu)試(shi)驗時接(jie)線原理圖(tu)如圖(tu)6。
注：此試驗應先(xian)抽出短路桿(gan)“D”，圖6中所示。
圖中：VD—高壓(ya)硅堆 R1—限流電阻 C1—高壓(ya)濾波電容(rong) FRC—阻容(rong)分壓(ya)器 CX—被試品(pin) μA—帶(dai)保護微安表
泄(xie)露試驗中限流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R1選擇(ze)在額定輸出電(dian)(dian)壓時，輸出端短路電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不超過高壓硅(gui)堆的(de)*大整流(liu)(liu)。如(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓硅(gui)堆的(de)*大整流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為100mA時用于60kV的(de)試驗裝置中，限流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇(ze)。限流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)還應具有足夠的(de)容量和(he)沿(yan)面(mian)放電(dian)(dian)距(ju)離。
高壓濾波(bo)電容(rong)C1一般(ban)選擇(ze)在0.01~0.1μF，當(dang)被(bei)試品的電容(rong)量很大(da)時，C1可(ke)省略(lve)不用。
泄露試驗的操作及注意(yi)事項(xiang)
1）試驗前應先檢查被試品(pin)是否停(ting)電(dian)(dian)，接地(di)放電(dian)(dian)，一切(qie)對外連(lian)線是否擦干(gan)凈。要嚴(yan)防將(jiang)試驗電(dian)(dian)壓加到有人工作的部位上去(qu)。
2）接好試驗(yan)裝置的接線(xian)后(hou)，應(ying)復查無(wu)誤后(hou)才可加壓。應(ying)特別注意檢查高(gao)壓設備及(ji)引線(xian)與地、與操作人(ren)員(yuan)的**距離，被試品的外殼是(shi)否可靠(kao)接地，要按(an)**規程(cheng)中所(suo)規定的內容進(jin)行(xing)試驗(yan)。
3）對于大電容量設備應緩慢升壓，防止被(bei)試品的(de)充電電流燒壞微安表。必(bi)要時應分級(ji)加壓，分別讀(du)取各級(ji)電壓下微安表的(de)穩定(ding)讀(du)數。
4）試驗過(guo)程中，應(ying)密切(qie)(qie)監視被試品、試驗裝置、微(wei)安(an)表，一旦發(fa)生擊穿、閃爍等異常(chang)現象應(ying)立即降壓(ya)，切(qie)(qie)斷電源，并查明原因，詳(xiang)細記錄。
5）試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)完畢，降(jiang)壓，切斷電源后應將被試(shi)(shi)品及試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)裝置本身充分(fen)放電。
四、WBTQSB-5KVA/100KV高壓耐壓成套裝置注意事項
1、按照您所進行的試驗接(jie)(jie)好工作(zuo)線路。試驗變壓器的外(wai)殼以(yi)及(ji)操作(zuo)系(xi)統的外(wai)殼必須可(ke)靠(kao)接(jie)(jie)地(di)。試驗變壓器高(gao)壓繞組的X端(高(gao)壓尾(wei))以(yi)及(ji)測量繞組的F端必須可(ke)靠(kao)接(jie)(jie)地(di)。
2、做串級(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)時(shi)，**級(ji)(ji)、第(di)三(san)級(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器的(de)(de)低壓(ya)繞組(zu)的(de)(de)X端(duan)，測(ce)量繞組(zu)的(de)(de)F端(duan)以(yi)及高(gao)壓(ya)繞組(zu)的(de)(de)X端(duan)(高(gao)壓(ya)尾)均接(jie)本級(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器的(de)(de)外殼。**級(ji)(ji)、第(di)三(san)級(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器的(de)(de)外殼必須通過絕緣支架(jia)接(jie)地(di)。
3、接通(tong)電源(yuan)前，操作系統的(de)調(diao)壓器必須調(diao)到零位后方(fang)可(ke)接通(tong)電源(yuan)，合閘，開始升(sheng)壓。
4、從零開(kai)始均(jun)勻旋轉調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器手(shou)輪升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)有：快速升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)，即20s逐(zhu)級升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)；慢速升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)，即60s逐(zhu)級升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)；極慢速升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)供選用。電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)從零開(kai)始按一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)式(shi)和速度(du)上(shang)升(sheng)到(dao)您(nin)所需(xu)的(de)額定(ding)(ding)試驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)75%后，在以每秒2%額定(ding)(ding)試驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)速度(du)升(sheng)到(dao)您(nin)所需(xu)的(de)額定(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，并(bing)密切(qie)(qie)注意測(ce)量儀表(biao)的(de)指示以及被試品的(de)情況(kuang)。升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過程中(zhong)或試驗(yan)過程中(zhong)如發現測(ce)量儀表(biao)的(de)指示及被試品情況(kuang)異常，應立(li)即降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，切(qie)(qie)斷電(dian)源(yuan)，查明情況(kuang)。
5、試驗(yan)完畢后(hou)，應在(zai)數秒內勻速(su)的將調壓器(qi)返(fan)回至零位，然后(hou)切斷電源。
6、本產品不得超過額定(ding)參數(shu)使用。除試驗必須外(wai)，決不允許(xu)全電壓通電或斷電。
7、再升壓或(huo)耐壓試驗(yan)過程中，如發現以下不(bu)正常情況時，應(ying)立即降壓，切(qie)斷(duan)電(dian)源(yuan)，停止試驗(yan)并查(cha)明原因。
⑴電(dian)壓表(biao)指針擺(bai)動(或數字跳(tiao)動)很大(da)
⑵電流表直線上升(sheng)
被試(shi)品內有不正(zheng)常(chang)的聲音
8、圖1中第9項系(xi)壓力閥(fa)及壓力表，為長(chang)期關(guan)閉狀態(tai)。每6個(ge)月開(kai)閥(fa)一(yi)次，以(yi)檢查(cha)SF6壓力，應(ying)不小于0.2MPa(檢查(cha)壓力后立即關(guan)閉閥(fa)門)，低于0.2MPa時應(ying)加(jia)SF6氣體，以(yi)增加(jia)氣絕(jue)緣。
9、耐壓實驗前后應測量被試設備的絕緣電(dian)阻，檢查(cha)絕緣情況(kuang)。
10、當試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓器長期不使用時(shi)，應放置于(yu)通風、干(gan)燥、無(wu)陽光直射(she)的地(di)方(fang)。
11、該產品不允許(xu)在高于45℃的溫度下長期存放、使用(yong)、放氣。
12、運(yun)輸搬運(yun)途(tu)中不得重力(li)沖擊。
13、產(chan)品緊固件及壓力(li)閥(fa)、壓力(li)表不(bu)得擅自松動。
14、使用本產(chan)品做高壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)時，出(chu)熟悉本說明書外，還必須嚴格執行國(guo)家有關標(biao)準和操作規程。可參(can)照(zhao)GB311-83《高壓(ya)輸變設備的(de)絕緣配合(he)，高壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)技術》；《電氣(qi)設備預防性(xing)試(shi)驗(yan)規程》等。
五、WBTQSB-5KVA/100KV高壓耐壓成套裝置容量選擇
標(biao)稱試驗變壓器容量Pn的確定(ding)公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中：
Pn——標稱(cheng)試驗變壓器容量(liang)(kVA)
Vn——試驗變壓(ya)器的額定輸出(chu)高(gao)壓(ya)的有效值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標(biao)稱電壓Vn≥1MV時，k=2；標(biao)稱電壓較低時，k值(zhi)可取高一(yi)些。
Ct——被(bei)試品的電容量(pF)
ω——角頻(pin)率，ω=2πf， f——試驗電(dian)源的頻(pin)率
被(bei)試設備的電容量Ct可由交流電橋測出。Ct的變(bian)化很大，
可由設(she)備的類型而定(ding)。
典型(xing)數據(ju)如下：
簡單的棒(bang)式(shi)(shi)或懸式(shi)(shi)絕緣子 ; 幾十微法
簡單的分級(ji)套管 100～1000pF
電壓互感器 200 ～ 500pF
電力變壓器 < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高壓電力(li)電纜和油浸紙絕緣 250～300pF/m
氣(qi)體絕(jue)緣 ; ～60pF/m
封閉變電站(zhan)，SF6氣體絕緣 100～10000Pf;
對于不(bu)同的試驗電壓Vn，選擇不(bu)同的(適(shi)當(dang)的)**系數k。
以下(xia)列出不(bu)同的(de)Vn所選用的(de)k值供參考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2