一、WBTQSB-5KVA/100KV交流耐壓變壓器概述(shu)
YDQ系列高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)是根(gen)據《試驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)》標(biao)準,在油(you)浸式試驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上而(er)設計生產的(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)體具有(you)(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)電氣(qi)絕緣(yuan)性能(neng)及(ji)優異的(de)(de)(de)滅弧性能(neng),其(qi)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)強(qiang)度為同一壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)下(xia)氮氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)2.5倍,擊(ji)穿電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)2.5倍。在0.25MPa下(xia)與油(you)的(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)相等(deng),在0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)下(xia)是油(you)的(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)2倍,是一種優于油(you)的(de)(de)(de)新一代超高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)絕緣(yuan)介(jie)質材料(liao)(liao)。該(gai)產品(pin)技術要(yao)求完全(quan)符合(he)《ZBK-41006-89》標(biao)準,它是油(you)浸式輕型(xing)試驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)換代產品(pin)。該(gai)產品(pin)具有(you)(you)體積(ji)小(xiao)、重量(liang)輕、不受(shou)氣(qi)候變化影響、電暈小(xiao)、現場(chang)搬(ban)運無需靜止可使用,使用壽(shou)命(ming)長、免維(wei)修等(deng)特點。適用于電力(li)(li)系統、工礦企業、科研部門(men)等(deng)對各種高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電氣(qi)設備、電氣(qi)元(yuan)件(jian)、絕緣(yuan)材料(liao)(liao)進行工頻或(huo)直流高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)強(qiang)度試驗。
二、WBTQSB-5KVA/100KV交流耐壓變壓器產品結構
YDQ系列(lie)高壓試驗變壓器采(cai)用單框芯式鐵(tie)芯結構,初級繞組(zu)繞在鐵(tie)芯上,高壓繞組(zu)在外,這(zhe)種同軸布置減少了漏磁通,因而增大(da)了繞組(zu)間的耦合(he)。產品的外殼為圓柱灌式容器結構,能(neng)耐受0.8MPa以上壓力。其結構見圖1:
三、WBTQSB-5KVA/100KV交流耐壓變壓器工作原理
YDQ系列高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)為(wei)單相(xiang)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi),聯結(jie)組(zu)標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用(yong)工頻220V(10kVA以上為(wei)380V)電源接(jie)入 (為(wei)本公司生產的試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)配套(tao)專用(yong)設備,詳細資料請見其(qi)具體使(shi)用(yong)說明書)系列操作(zuo)箱(臺),經(jing)操作(zuo)箱內自偶(ou)調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(50kVA以上調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)外附)調節至(zhi)(zhi)0~200V(或0~400V)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輸出(chu)至(zhi)(zhi)YDQ試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的初級繞(rao)組(zu),根據電磁感應(ying)原理(li),在(zai)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)可獲得試驗(yan)所(suo)需的高電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列高壓試驗變壓器的工作原理圖(tu)見圖(tu)2。
單臺YDQ系列(lie)交(jiao)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的工作原(yuan)理(li)圖(tu)見圖(tu)3,圖(tu)中(zhong)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)套管中(zhong)裝有(you)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)硅堆,串接在高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)回路中(zhong)作半波(bo)整流(liu),以獲得直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。當用一短路桿將高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)硅堆短接時,可(ke)獲得工頻高(gao)(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya),作為交(jiao)流(liu)輸出(chu)狀態;取消短路桿時,作為直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)輸出(chu)狀態。
試驗變壓器高壓套管(guan)中(zhong)的高壓硅(gui)堆未畫(hua)出,其原理(li)與上圖相同。
三臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲(huo)得更高(gao)(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)線原(yuan)理見圖4。串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)優越(yue)性,因(yin)為(wei)整(zheng)個試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝置(zhi)由幾臺(tai)(tai)單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng),單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容(rong)量(liang)小(xiao)、電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重(zhong)量(liang)輕,便于(yu)運輸(shu)和(he)(he)安裝。它既(ji)然可串接(jie)(jie)成(cheng)高(gao)(gao)出(chu)幾倍的(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)合使(shi)用,又可分開成(cheng)幾套單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)獨(du)使(shi)用。整(zheng)套裝置(zhi)投(tou)資(zi)小(xiao),經濟實惠。圖5中(zhong),在(zai)(zai)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)每個單(dan)元試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)都有(you)一個勵(li)磁繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)A1、C1和(he)(he)A2、C2。在(zai)(zai)三臺(tai)(tai)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原(yuan)理中(zhong),低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)源加在(zai)(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)a1x1上(shang),單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都是(shi)(shi)V。勵(li)磁繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)A1、C1給**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)供電(dian);**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)勵(li)磁繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)A2、C2給第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)供電(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)(he)第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)(xiang)體分別(bie)處在(zai)(zai)對地(di)(di)為(wei)1V和(he)(he)2V的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)位上(shang),所以(yi)箱(xiang)(xiang)體對地(di)(di)是(shi)(shi)絕緣的(de)(de)(de)(de),試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)(xiang)體是(shi)(shi)接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)額定輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分別(bie)為(wei)1V、2V、3V;其(qi)額定容(rong)量(liang)分別(bie)為(wei)3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)做被試品的工頻耐壓(ya)試驗(yan)使用接線原理圖見圖5。
圖(tu)中:R1—限流電阻 FRC—阻容分壓器 RF—球間(jian)隙保護電阻 G—球間(jian)隙 CX—被(bei)試品
注:高壓尾(wei)必須可靠接地
工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)試驗中限(xian)(xian)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)R1應根(gen)據試驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的額定(ding)容量(liang)來選(xuan)擇。如(ru)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)側額定(ding)輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)在100~300mA時(shi)(shi),可取(qu)0.5~1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya));高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)側額定(ding)輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)為1A以上時(shi)(shi),可取(qu)1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya))。常用水電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)作為限(xian)(xian)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu),管(guan)子長(chang)度可按(an)150kV/m考慮,管(guan)子粗(cu)細應具有足夠的熱容量(liang)(水阻(zu)(zu)液配制(zhi)(zhi)方法(fa):用蒸餾水加入適(shi)量(liang)硫酸銅配制(zhi)(zhi)成各種(zhong)不同的阻(zu)(zu)值)。
球間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)及保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu):當電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)超過球間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)整(zheng)定值時(一般取試驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的110%~120%),球間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)放電(dian)(dian),對被試品起到保(bao)護作(zuo)用。球間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)可按1Ω/V(試驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya))選取。
在工(gong)頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)中,低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是(shi)非常準(zhun)確(que)的(de)(de),其原因是(shi)由于(yu)(yu)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器存在著(zhu)漏(lou)抗(kang),在這個漏(lou)抗(kang)上必然存在著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)或(huo)容升,使試(shi)品(pin)上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)于(yu)(yu)或(huo)高于(yu)(yu)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表上反(fan)映(ying)出來(lai)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工(gong)頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)時,被試(shi)品(pin)上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于(yu)(yu)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),也就是(shi)所(suo)謂(wei)容升現象。感應(ying)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)時,試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)漏(lou)抗(kang)必然存在著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)。為了準(zhun)確(que)測量(liang)被試(shi)品(pin)上所(suo)施加(jia)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),因此(ci)常在高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)接入FRC阻容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器來(lai)測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見(jian)圖5)。
工頻耐壓試驗操作注意事(shi)項
1)試驗人(ren)員應做好分工,明確相互間聯(lian)系方法(fa)。并有專門人(ren)監護現場**及觀察試品狀態(tai)。
2)被(bei)試(shi)品應先清(qing)掃干凈,并**干燥,以免(mian)損壞被(bei)試(shi)品和試(shi)驗(yan)帶來的誤差(cha)。
3)對(dui)于大型試驗(yan)(yan),一般都應先(xian)進(jin)行空升試驗(yan)(yan)。即不接試品(pin)時升壓至試驗(yan)(yan)電壓,校對(dui)各種(zhong)表計(ji),調整球間隙。
4)升壓(ya)速度不(bu)能太快,并必須防止(zhi)突然(ran)加壓(ya)。例如調壓(ya)器(qi)不(bu)在(zai)(zai)零(ling)位(wei)時(shi)突然(ran)合閘。也不(bu)能突然(ran)切斷電源,一般應在(zai)(zai)調壓(ya)器(qi)降至零(ling)位(wei)時(shi)拉閘。
5)當電(dian)壓(ya)升至試驗電(dian)壓(ya)時,開始計時,到1min后(hou),迅速降壓(ya)到1/3試驗電(dian)壓(ya)以下時,才(cai)能拉開電(dian)源。
6)在升壓(ya)或(huo)(huo)耐壓(ya)試驗(yan)過程中,如(ru)發(fa)現下列(lie)不正常(chang)情況時,應立即降壓(ya),切斷電源(yuan)。停(ting)止試驗(yan)并查明原(yuan)因:①電壓(ya)表指針擺動很(hen)大;②發(fa)現絕緣燒焦或(huo)(huo)冒煙;③被(bei)試品內(nei)有不正常(chang)的聲音(yin)。
7)耐壓試驗(yan)前后(hou)應測量絕(jue)緣(yuan)電阻,檢查絕(jue)緣(yuan)情況。
試(shi)驗變壓器在做(zuo)被試(shi)品的直流耐(nai)壓或泄露(lu)試(shi)驗時(shi)接線原理圖(tu)如圖(tu)6。
注:此試驗應先抽出(chu)短(duan)路桿“D”,圖6中所示(shi)。
圖中:VD—高壓(ya)硅堆 R1—限流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu) C1—高壓(ya)濾波(bo)電(dian)(dian)容 FRC—阻(zu)容分(fen)壓(ya)器 CX—被試(shi)品 μA—帶(dai)保(bao)護微(wei)安表
泄露試驗(yan)中限(xian)(xian)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻R1選擇在額(e)定(ding)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時,輸(shu)出端短路電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不超過高壓(ya)硅(gui)堆的(de)*大(da)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)。如(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)硅(gui)堆的(de)*大(da)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為100mA時用于60kV的(de)試驗(yan)裝置中,限(xian)(xian)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇。限(xian)(xian)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻還應具有足夠(gou)的(de)容(rong)量和沿面放電(dian)(dian)(dian)距離。
高壓濾波電(dian)容C1一般選擇(ze)在0.01~0.1μF,當(dang)被試(shi)品的電(dian)容量很大時,C1可省略不用。
泄露試驗的操作及注意事項
1)試驗前應先檢查被試品是否停(ting)電,接地(di)放電,一切對外連線是否擦干凈。要嚴防將試驗電壓加到(dao)有人工作的(de)部位上去。
2)接(jie)好(hao)試驗裝置(zhi)的(de)接(jie)線后(hou),應(ying)復(fu)查無誤(wu)后(hou)才可(ke)加壓(ya)。應(ying)特(te)別(bie)注意檢查高壓(ya)設(she)備(bei)及(ji)引線與地(di)、與操作人(ren)員的(de)**距離,被試品(pin)的(de)外殼是否可(ke)靠接(jie)地(di),要按**規程中(zhong)所規定的(de)內容進行(xing)試驗。
3)對(dui)于大電容(rong)量設備(bei)應緩慢(man)升(sheng)壓(ya),防止被(bei)試品(pin)的充電電流燒壞微(wei)安(an)表。必要(yao)時應分(fen)級(ji)加壓(ya),分(fen)別讀取各級(ji)電壓(ya)下(xia)微(wei)安(an)表的穩定讀數(shu)。
4)試驗過(guo)程中,應(ying)密切監視被試品、試驗裝置、微安表,一(yi)旦發生擊(ji)穿、閃爍(shuo)等異(yi)常現象應(ying)立即降壓(ya),切斷電源,并查明原因,詳細記錄(lu)。
5)試驗完畢,降壓,切斷電(dian)源(yuan)后應將被試品及試驗裝置本(ben)身(shen)充分放電(dian)。
四、WBTQSB-5KVA/100KV交流耐壓變壓器注意事項
1、按照您所進行(xing)的(de)(de)試驗接(jie)(jie)好工作線路。試驗變壓器(qi)的(de)(de)外殼(ke)以及操(cao)作系統的(de)(de)外殼(ke)必(bi)須(xu)可(ke)靠接(jie)(jie)地(di)。試驗變壓器(qi)高(gao)壓繞組的(de)(de)X端(高(gao)壓尾)以及測量繞組的(de)(de)F端必(bi)須(xu)可(ke)靠接(jie)(jie)地(di)。
2、做串(chuan)級(ji)試(shi)驗時,**級(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)試(shi)驗變壓器的(de)(de)(de)低壓繞組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)X端(duan),測量(liang)繞組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)F端(duan)以及高壓繞組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)X端(duan)(高壓尾(wei))均接本級(ji)試(shi)驗變壓器的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)殼(ke)。**級(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)試(shi)驗變壓器的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)殼(ke)必須通過(guo)絕緣支架接地。
3、接通(tong)電源(yuan)前,操(cao)作(zuo)系統的調壓器(qi)必須調到零(ling)位后方可接通(tong)電源(yuan),合(he)閘,開(kai)始升壓。
4、從(cong)零(ling)開(kai)始均勻(yun)旋(xuan)轉調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)手輪升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方法(fa)有:快速升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa),即20s逐(zhu)級升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa);慢速升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa),即60s逐(zhu)級升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa);極慢速升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)供(gong)選用。電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)從(cong)零(ling)開(kai)始按一定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方式和速度上升(sheng)到您所需(xu)的(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)試(shi)(shi)驗電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)75%后(hou),在(zai)以每秒2%額(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)試(shi)(shi)驗電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)速度升(sheng)到您所需(xu)的(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya),并密切注(zhu)意測(ce)量儀表(biao)的(de)(de)指示以及(ji)被試(shi)(shi)品的(de)(de)情(qing)況。升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過(guo)程中或試(shi)(shi)驗過(guo)程中如發現(xian)測(ce)量儀表(biao)的(de)(de)指示及(ji)被試(shi)(shi)品情(qing)況異常,應立(li)即降壓(ya)(ya)(ya),切斷電源,查明情(qing)況。
5、試(shi)驗完畢(bi)后(hou),應在數(shu)秒內勻速(su)的將調(diao)壓器(qi)返回至(zhi)零位,然后(hou)切斷電(dian)源。
6、本產(chan)品不(bu)(bu)得超過額定參(can)數(shu)使用。除試驗(yan)必須外,決不(bu)(bu)允(yun)許全(quan)電壓通電或斷電。
7、再升壓或耐壓試驗過程中,如發現以下不(bu)正常(chang)情況(kuang)時,應立即降壓,切斷電源,停止試驗并(bing)查明原因。
⑴電壓表指針擺動(dong)(或數(shu)字跳動(dong))很大
⑵電流表(biao)直線上升
被試品內有不正常的聲(sheng)音
8、圖1中(zhong)第9項(xiang)系壓力(li)閥(fa)及壓力(li)表,為長期(qi)關閉狀態。每(mei)6個月(yue)開(kai)閥(fa)一次,以檢查(cha)(cha)SF6壓力(li),應不小于0.2MPa(檢查(cha)(cha)壓力(li)后立即關閉閥(fa)門),低于0.2MPa時應加SF6氣(qi)體(ti),以增加氣(qi)絕緣。
9、耐壓實驗(yan)前后應(ying)測量(liang)被(bei)試設備的絕(jue)緣(yuan)電阻,檢(jian)查絕(jue)緣(yuan)情(qing)況。
10、當試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器長期不使用(yong)時(shi),應放(fang)置(zhi)于通風(feng)、干燥、無陽光直射的(de)地方(fang)。
11、該產品(pin)不允許在高于45℃的溫度下長期存放、使用(yong)、放氣。
12、運(yun)輸(shu)搬運(yun)途中(zhong)不得重力(li)沖擊。
13、產品緊固(gu)件及壓力閥、壓力表不(bu)得擅自松(song)動。
14、使用本(ben)產品做高(gao)壓(ya)試(shi)驗時,出熟悉本(ben)說明書外,還必須(xu)嚴(yan)格(ge)執行國家有關標準和(he)操作規(gui)程。可參(can)照GB311-83《高(gao)壓(ya)輸變設備的絕緣(yuan)配合,高(gao)壓(ya)試(shi)驗技(ji)術(shu)》;《電氣設備預防(fang)性試(shi)驗規(gui)程》等。
五、WBTQSB-5KVA/100KV交流耐壓變壓器容量選擇
標稱(cheng)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓器(qi)容(rong)量Pn的確定公(gong)式:Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中(zhong):
Pn——標稱試驗變壓器容量(kVA)
Vn——試驗變(bian)壓器(qi)的額定輸(shu)出高壓的有效值(kV)
k ——**系(xi)數。k≥1,標稱電壓Vn≥1MV時(shi),k=2;標稱電壓較低時(shi),k值可取高一些。
Ct——被試品的電容量(pF)
ω——角(jiao)頻率,ω=2πf, f——試驗(yan)電源的頻率
被(bei)試設備的電(dian)容量Ct可由交流(liu)電(dian)橋(qiao)測出。Ct的變化很大,
可由設備(bei)的類型而定。
典(dian)型(xing)數(shu)據如下:
簡單(dan)的棒式(shi)(shi)或懸式(shi)(shi)絕緣子 幾(ji)十(shi)微法
簡單(dan)的分級套管(guan) 100~1000pF
電壓互(hu)感器 200 ~ 500pF
電(dian)力變壓器 < 1000kVA ~1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000~10000pF
高壓電力電纜和油浸紙絕緣 250~300pF/m
氣體(ti)絕緣 ~60pF/m
封閉變電站,SF6氣體絕緣 100~10000Pf;
對于不同(tong)的(de)試驗電壓Vn,選擇(ze)不同(tong)的(de)(適當(dang)的(de))**系數k。
以下列出不同(tong)的Vn所選用的k值(zhi)供參考(kao)。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2