一、WBTQSB-5KVA/100KV交流耐壓機概(gai)述
YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)根據《試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)》標準(zhun),在油(you)(you)浸式試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上而設計生(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)體具(ju)有良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)氣(qi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)性能(neng)及優(you)異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滅(mie)弧性能(neng),其耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強(qiang)度為同(tong)一(yi)(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力下氮氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍(bei),擊(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍(bei)。在0.25MPa下與油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相等(deng),在0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力下是(shi)油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei),是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種優(you)于(yu)油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)一(yi)(yi)代超高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)介(jie)質材(cai)料(liao)。該產品技術(shu)要求完全符合《ZBK-41006-89》標準(zhun),它是(shi)油(you)(you)浸式輕型試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)換代產品。該產品具(ju)有體積小、重量輕、不(bu)受氣(qi)候變化影響、電(dian)暈(yun)小、現場搬運無需(xu)靜止可使用(yong),使用(yong)壽命(ming)長、免維修等(deng)特點。適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)力系統(tong)、工礦企業、科研部(bu)門等(deng)對(dui)各種高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)氣(qi)設備、電(dian)氣(qi)元(yuan)件、絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)進行工頻或(huo)直流高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)強(qiang)度試驗(yan)。
二、WBTQSB-5KVA/100KV交流耐壓機產品結構
YDQ系列高壓試驗(yan)變(bian)壓器(qi)采用單(dan)框芯(xin)(xin)式鐵芯(xin)(xin)結(jie)(jie)構(gou),初(chu)級繞(rao)組繞(rao)在(zai)鐵芯(xin)(xin)上,高壓繞(rao)組在(zai)外,這種同軸布(bu)置減少了漏磁通,因(yin)而增大了繞(rao)組間的耦合。產品的外殼為圓柱灌式容(rong)器(qi)結(jie)(jie)構(gou),能耐受0.8MPa以上壓力。其結(jie)(jie)構(gou)見(jian)圖1:
三、WBTQSB-5KVA/100KV交流耐壓機工作原理
YDQ系列(lie)高壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)單(dan)相(xiang)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi),聯結組(zu)標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用工頻220V(10kVA以(yi)(yi)上為(wei)(wei)380V)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)接入 (為(wei)(wei)本(ben)公司(si)生產的(de)試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)配套專用設備(bei),詳細資(zi)料(liao)請見其(qi)具體使用說明書)系列(lie)操作(zuo)箱(臺),經操作(zuo)箱內自偶調(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(50kVA以(yi)(yi)上調(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)外附)調(diao)(diao)節至0~200V(或0~400V)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)輸出(chu)至YDQ試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)初級繞組(zu),根據電(dian)(dian)磁感應(ying)原理,在試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)高壓(ya)(ya)繞組(zu)可獲得試(shi)驗所需的(de)高電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列高壓(ya)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器的(de)工作原理圖見圖2。
單臺YDQ系列交直流(liu)(liu)高壓試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器的工作(zuo)原理圖見(jian)圖3,圖中(zhong)高壓套管中(zhong)裝有高壓硅堆(dui),串(chuan)接在高壓回路中(zhong)作(zuo)半(ban)波整流(liu)(liu),以獲得(de)(de)直流(liu)(liu)高電(dian)壓。當用一(yi)短(duan)路桿(gan)將高壓硅堆(dui)短(duan)接時,可獲得(de)(de)工頻高電(dian)壓,作(zuo)為交流(liu)(liu)輸出狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態;取消(xiao)短(duan)路桿(gan)時,作(zuo)為直流(liu)(liu)輸出狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態。
試驗變壓(ya)器(qi)高壓(ya)套(tao)管中的高壓(ya)硅堆未畫出,其原理與上圖相同。
三(san)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串級(ji)(ji)獲(huo)得更高(gao)電壓(ya)的(de)(de)接(jie)線原(yuan)理見圖(tu)4。串級(ji)(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)很大的(de)(de)優越性(xing),因(yin)為(wei)(wei)整個試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝置由(you)幾(ji)(ji)臺(tai)(tai)單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng),單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容(rong)量小(xiao)、電壓(ya)低、重(zhong)量輕,便于(yu)運輸和安裝。它既然可(ke)串接(jie)成(cheng)高(gao)出(chu)(chu)幾(ji)(ji)倍(bei)的(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸出(chu)(chu)電壓(ya)組(zu)(zu)合使(shi)用(yong),又可(ke)分開成(cheng)幾(ji)(ji)套單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)獨使(shi)用(yong)。整套裝置投資小(xiao),經濟實惠。圖(tu)5中(zhong),在(zai)**級(ji)(ji)和**級(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)每(mei)個單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)都(dou)有(you)一個勵磁(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)A1、C1和A2、C2。在(zai)三(san)臺(tai)(tai)串級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原(yuan)理中(zhong),低壓(ya)電源加(jia)在(zai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)a1x1上(shang),單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)輸出(chu)(chu)電壓(ya)都(dou)是(shi)V。勵磁(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)A1、C1給(gei)**級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)供電;**級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)勵磁(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)A2、C2給(gei)第三(san)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)供電。**級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和第三(san)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)箱(xiang)體分別(bie)(bie)處在(zai)對地為(wei)(wei)1V和2V的(de)(de)高(gao)電位上(shang),所以箱(xiang)體對地是(shi)絕(jue)緣的(de)(de),試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)箱(xiang)體是(shi)接(jie)地的(de)(de)。這樣**級(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)、第三(san)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對地的(de)(de)額定輸出(chu)(chu)電壓(ya)分別(bie)(bie)為(wei)(wei)1V、2V、3V;其額定容(rong)量分別(bie)(bie)為(wei)(wei)3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高壓(ya)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器(qi)做被試(shi)品(pin)的工頻耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗使用接線原理(li)圖見圖5。
圖中:R1—限流電阻 FRC—阻容分壓器 RF—球間(jian)隙保(bao)護電阻 G—球間(jian)隙 CX—被試(shi)品
注:高壓尾必須可靠接地
工頻耐壓試驗中限(xian)流(liu)電阻(zu)R1應根據(ju)試驗變壓器的(de)(de)額定(ding)容量(liang)來(lai)選(xuan)擇(ze)。如高壓側額定(ding)輸(shu)出電流(liu)在100~300mA時,可(ke)取(qu)0.5~1Ω/V(試驗電壓);高壓側額定(ding)輸(shu)出電流(liu)為1A以上時,可(ke)取(qu)1Ω/V(試驗電壓)。常用水(shui)(shui)電阻(zu)作(zuo)為限(xian)流(liu)電阻(zu),管(guan)子(zi)長度(du)可(ke)按150kV/m考慮(lv),管(guan)子(zi)粗(cu)細應具有足夠的(de)(de)熱容量(liang)(水(shui)(shui)阻(zu)液配制(zhi)方法:用蒸(zheng)餾水(shui)(shui)加入適量(liang)硫(liu)酸(suan)銅配制(zhi)成各種不(bu)同的(de)(de)阻(zu)值)。
球(qiu)間隙及保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu):當電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓超過球(qiu)間隙整定值時(一(yi)般取試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的110%~120%),球(qiu)間隙放電(dian)(dian)(dian),對被試(shi)品(pin)起到保(bao)護作用(yong)。球(qiu)間隙保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)可按1Ω/V(試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓)選取。
在(zai)(zai)工頻(pin)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)中,低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀(yi)表(biao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不(bu)是非(fei)常(chang)(chang)準(zhun)確的,其原因是由于試驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)著漏抗,在(zai)(zai)這個漏抗上必然存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)或容升,使試品(pin)(pin)上的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)(di)于或高(gao)于低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)上反映出(chu)來的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻(pin)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)時,被試品(pin)(pin)上的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于試驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),也就是所謂容升現象。感應耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)時,試驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的漏抗必然存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)。為了準(zhun)確測量(liang)(liang)被試品(pin)(pin)上所施加的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),因此常(chang)(chang)在(zai)(zai)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側接(jie)入FRC阻(zu)容分(fen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器來測量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工(gong)頻耐壓試驗操作注意事項
1)試驗人員應(ying)做好分(fen)工,明(ming)確(que)相互間聯系方法。并有(you)專門人監護現(xian)場**及觀(guan)察試品狀(zhuang)態。
2)被試品(pin)(pin)應先清掃干凈,并(bing)**干燥,以免損壞被試品(pin)(pin)和試驗(yan)帶(dai)來的誤差。
3)對(dui)(dui)于大型(xing)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan),一般都(dou)應(ying)先進行空升(sheng)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。即不接試(shi)(shi)品時升(sheng)壓(ya)至(zhi)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya),校對(dui)(dui)各種表計,調(diao)整(zheng)球(qiu)間隙。
4)升壓(ya)速度不(bu)能太快,并(bing)必(bi)須(xu)防止突然加壓(ya)。例如調壓(ya)器不(bu)在(zai)零位時突然合閘。也不(bu)能突然切(qie)斷電源,一般(ban)應在(zai)調壓(ya)器降至零位時拉閘。
5)當(dang)電(dian)壓(ya)升至試驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)時,開始計時,到1min后,迅速降壓(ya)到1/3試驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)以下時,才能拉開電(dian)源。
6)在升壓(ya)或(huo)耐壓(ya)試驗過程中,如發(fa)現(xian)下列不正常(chang)情況(kuang)時,應立即降壓(ya),切斷電源。停止試驗并查明原(yuan)因:①電壓(ya)表(biao)指針擺動很大;②發(fa)現(xian)絕緣(yuan)燒(shao)焦或(huo)冒煙;③被試品內有不正常(chang)的(de)聲(sheng)音。
7)耐壓(ya)試驗前后(hou)應測量絕緣電(dian)阻(zu),檢查絕緣情況。
試(shi)驗變(bian)壓器在(zai)做被試(shi)品(pin)的直流耐壓或泄露試(shi)驗時接線原理圖(tu)(tu)如(ru)圖(tu)(tu)6。
注:此試驗應先抽出短路桿“D”,圖(tu)6中所示。
圖中:VD—高壓(ya)(ya)硅堆 R1—限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu) C1—高壓(ya)(ya)濾波電(dian)容 FRC—阻(zu)容分壓(ya)(ya)器 CX—被(bei)試(shi)品 μA—帶保護(hu)微安表
泄(xie)露(lu)試驗(yan)中限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)R1選擇(ze)(ze)在額(e)定輸(shu)出電(dian)壓(ya)時(shi),輸(shu)出端短路電(dian)流(liu)不超過高壓(ya)硅堆的*大(da)(da)整(zheng)流(liu)。如電(dian)壓(ya)硅堆的*大(da)(da)整(zheng)流(liu)電(dian)流(liu)為100mA時(shi)用于(yu)60kV的試驗(yan)裝(zhuang)置中,限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇(ze)(ze)。限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)還(huan)應具有足(zu)夠的容量和沿面(mian)放電(dian)距離。
高壓濾波電(dian)容C1一般選(xuan)擇(ze)在(zai)0.01~0.1μF,當被試品的電(dian)容量很大時(shi),C1可省略不用。
泄露(lu)試驗(yan)的操作及注意事項
1)試(shi)驗(yan)前應先檢查被試(shi)品是(shi)否停電(dian),接地(di)放(fang)電(dian),一(yi)切對外連線是(shi)否擦干凈。要(yao)嚴防將試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓加到有人工作的(de)部位上去。
2)接好試驗裝(zhuang)置的(de)接線后,應復查(cha)無誤后才可加壓(ya)。應特別注意檢查(cha)高壓(ya)設備及引線與地、與操作人員的(de)**距離,被(bei)試品的(de)外殼是否(fou)可靠接地,要(yao)按**規程中所(suo)規定的(de)內容進(jin)行(xing)試驗。
3)對于大電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量設備應緩慢升壓,防止被試品(pin)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流燒壞微安表(biao)。必要時應分級加壓,分別(bie)讀取各級電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下(xia)微安表(biao)的(de)穩定(ding)讀數。
4)試(shi)驗過程中(zhong),應密(mi)切監視被試(shi)品、試(shi)驗裝置(zhi)、微安(an)表,一旦(dan)發生擊(ji)穿、閃爍等異常現(xian)象應立(li)即降壓,切斷(duan)電源,并查明原(yuan)因,詳細記(ji)錄。
5)試(shi)驗完畢,降壓(ya),切斷電源后(hou)應將被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)及(ji)試(shi)驗裝置本身(shen)充分放(fang)電。
四、WBTQSB-5KVA/100KV交流耐壓機注意事項
1、按照您所進行的試驗接(jie)好工作線路。試驗變壓器的外殼以(yi)及(ji)操作系(xi)統的外殼必須(xu)可靠接(jie)地(di)。試驗變壓器高壓繞組的X端(高壓尾)以(yi)及(ji)測量(liang)繞組的F端必須(xu)可靠接(jie)地(di)。
2、做串級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)時,**級(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)低壓(ya)繞組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)X端,測量繞組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)F端以及(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)繞組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)X端(高(gao)壓(ya)尾(wei))均接(jie)本級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)外殼(ke)。**級(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)外殼(ke)必須通過絕緣支架(jia)接(jie)地。
3、接(jie)通(tong)電(dian)源(yuan)前(qian),操(cao)作系(xi)統的調壓(ya)器必須調到零位后方可接(jie)通(tong)電(dian)源(yuan),合閘(zha),開始升(sheng)壓(ya)。
4、從(cong)零開(kai)始均勻旋轉調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器手輪(lun)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方法有:快(kuai)速(su)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法,即(ji)20s逐級(ji)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法;慢速(su)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法,即(ji)60s逐級(ji)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法;極(ji)慢速(su)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法供(gong)選用。電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)從(cong)零開(kai)始按一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方式(shi)和速(su)度上升(sheng)到(dao)您所需的額定(ding)(ding)試驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的75%后,在以每(mei)秒2%額定(ding)(ding)試驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的速(su)度升(sheng)到(dao)您所需的額定(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),并密切注意(yi)測量儀表(biao)的指(zhi)示(shi)以及被(bei)(bei)試品的情況(kuang)。升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過程中(zhong)(zhong)或試驗過程中(zhong)(zhong)如(ru)發(fa)現測量儀表(biao)的指(zhi)示(shi)及被(bei)(bei)試品情況(kuang)異(yi)常,應立即(ji)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),切斷電(dian)源(yuan),查明情況(kuang)。
5、試驗完畢后,應(ying)在數秒內勻速的將(jiang)調壓器返回(hui)至零位,然后切斷(duan)電(dian)源。
6、本產品不(bu)得超過額定參數使用。除試驗必須外,決(jue)不(bu)允許全電壓通電或(huo)斷電。
7、再升壓(ya)或(huo)耐壓(ya)試驗過程中,如發現(xian)以下不正常情況時(shi),應立(li)即降壓(ya),切斷電(dian)源,停止(zhi)試驗并查明(ming)原因。
⑴電壓表指(zhi)針擺動(或數字跳動)很大
⑵電流表(biao)直(zhi)線(xian)上升
被(bei)試品內有(you)不正常的聲音
8、圖1中(zhong)第9項(xiang)系壓(ya)力(li)閥及壓(ya)力(li)表(biao),為長期關(guan)(guan)閉狀態(tai)。每6個月開閥一次,以檢查(cha)SF6壓(ya)力(li),應(ying)不小于0.2MPa(檢查(cha)壓(ya)力(li)后立即(ji)關(guan)(guan)閉閥門),低于0.2MPa時應(ying)加(jia)SF6氣體,以增加(jia)氣絕緣。
9、耐壓實驗前后應測(ce)量(liang)被試設備的絕緣電阻,檢(jian)查絕緣情況。
10、當(dang)試驗變(bian)壓器(qi)長期不使(shi)用時(shi),應(ying)放置(zhi)于通風、干燥、無(wu)陽(yang)光直射的地方。
11、該產(chan)品不允許在高(gao)于45℃的溫度下長期(qi)存(cun)放(fang)、使用、放(fang)氣(qi)。
12、運(yun)輸搬運(yun)途中(zhong)不(bu)得重(zhong)力沖擊。
13、產品緊固(gu)件及壓力(li)閥、壓力(li)表不(bu)得擅自松(song)動。
14、使用本產品做高壓試驗(yan)時,出熟悉(xi)本說明書外,還必須嚴格(ge)執行(xing)國家有關標準和操作規程。可參(can)照GB311-83《高壓輸變設備(bei)的絕緣配合,高壓試驗(yan)技術》;《電氣設備(bei)預防(fang)性試驗(yan)規程》等。
五、WBTQSB-5KVA/100KV交流耐壓機容量選擇
標(biao)稱試驗變壓器容量Pn的確定公(gong)式:Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中:
Pn——標稱試驗(yan)變(bian)壓器容(rong)量(liang)(kVA)
Vn——試驗變壓器的額定輸出(chu)高壓的有(you)效(xiao)值(kV)
k ——**系(xi)數(shu)。k≥1,標稱電壓Vn≥1MV時,k=2;標稱電壓較低時,k值可(ke)取高一些。
Ct——被試(shi)品(pin)的電(dian)容量(pF)
ω——角頻(pin)率,ω=2πf, f——試驗電源(yuan)的頻(pin)率
被試設(she)備的(de)電容量(liang)Ct可由(you)交流電橋測出。Ct的(de)變(bian)化(hua)很(hen)大,
可由(you)設(she)備的類型而定。
典型數據如(ru)下:
簡(jian)單的棒式或(huo)懸式絕緣子(zi) 幾(ji)十微法
簡單的分級套管 100~1000pF
電(dian)壓互感器(qi) 200 ~ 500pF
電力變壓器 < 1000kVA ~1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000~10000pF
高(gao)壓電力電纜和油浸紙(zhi)絕(jue)緣 250~300pF/m
氣體絕(jue)緣 ~60pF/m
封(feng)閉變電站,SF6氣(qi)體絕(jue)緣 100~10000Pf;
對于(yu)不同的試驗電(dian)壓(ya)Vn,選擇不同的(適當的)**系數k。
以下列出(chu)不同(tong)的(de)Vn所選(xuan)用的(de)k值(zhi)供參考(kao)。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2