一、WBTQSB-10KVA/100KV交流耐壓發生器概述
YDQ系列高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器是(shi)根據《試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器》標準(zhun)，在油(you)浸(jin)式試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)基礎上而設計(ji)生產的(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)體具有良好的(de)(de)(de)電氣(qi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)性(xing)能及優異的(de)(de)(de)滅(mie)弧性(xing)能，其耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強度為同一壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下(xia)氮(dan)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)2.5倍(bei)，擊穿電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)2.5倍(bei)。在0.25MPa下(xia)與油(you)的(de)(de)(de)擊穿電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相等，在0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下(xia)是(shi)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)擊穿電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)，是(shi)一種優于(yu)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)一代(dai)超高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)絕(jue)緣(yuan)介(jie)質材料。該產品技術要求完(wan)全符合《ZBK-41006-89》標準(zhun)，它是(shi)油(you)浸(jin)式輕型試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)換代(dai)產品。該產品具有體積小(xiao)、重量輕、不(bu)受氣(qi)候變(bian)化影響、電暈小(xiao)、現場搬運(yun)無需靜止可使用，使用壽命長、免維修等特點。適用于(yu)電力(li)系統、工(gong)礦企業、科研(yan)部門等對各種高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電氣(qi)設備(bei)、電氣(qi)元件(jian)、絕(jue)緣(yuan)材料進(jin)行(xing)工(gong)頻(pin)或直流高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)強度試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。
二、WBTQSB-10KVA/100KV交流耐壓發生器產品結構
YDQ系列高壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器采用單框(kuang)芯式(shi)鐵芯結構(gou)，初級(ji)繞組(zu)繞在鐵芯上(shang)，高壓(ya)(ya)繞組(zu)在外，這種同軸布置減少了漏磁(ci)通，因而增大了繞組(zu)間的耦(ou)合。產品的外殼為圓柱灌式(shi)容(rong)器結構(gou)，能耐受0.8MPa以上(shang)壓(ya)(ya)力。其結構(gou)見(jian)圖1：
三、WBTQSB-10KVA/100KV交流耐壓發生器工作原理
YDQ系(xi)列高壓(ya)試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器為單相變(bian)壓(ya)器，聯結(jie)組(zu)標號(hao)Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用工頻220V(10kVA以上為380V)電(dian)源接入 (為本(ben)公司生(sheng)產的試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器配套專用設備，詳細資(zi)料請見(jian)其具體使用說明(ming)書)系(xi)列操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)箱(xiang)(臺(tai))，經(jing)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)箱(xiang)內自偶調壓(ya)器(50kVA以上調壓(ya)器外附(fu))調節(jie)至(zhi)(zhi)0～200V(或(huo)0～400V)電(dian)壓(ya)輸出至(zhi)(zhi)YDQ試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器的初級繞組(zu)，根(gen)據(ju)電(dian)磁感應原(yuan)理，在(zai)試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器高壓(ya)繞組(zu)可(ke)獲得試驗所需的高電(dian)壓(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列高壓試驗(yan)變壓器(qi)的(de)工作原理圖見圖2。
單臺YDQ系(xi)列交直流(liu)高壓(ya)(ya)試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)理圖見圖3，圖中高壓(ya)(ya)套管中裝有高壓(ya)(ya)硅(gui)堆(dui)，串接(jie)在高壓(ya)(ya)回路中作(zuo)(zuo)半波整流(liu)，以獲得(de)直流(liu)高電壓(ya)(ya)。當(dang)用一短(duan)路桿將(jiang)高壓(ya)(ya)硅(gui)堆(dui)短(duan)接(jie)時(shi)，可(ke)獲得(de)工(gong)頻(pin)高電壓(ya)(ya)，作(zuo)(zuo)為交流(liu)輸(shu)出狀態；取消短(duan)路桿時(shi)，作(zuo)(zuo)為直流(liu)輸(shu)出狀態。
試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器高壓(ya)套管中(zhong)的高壓(ya)硅堆未畫出，其原理與(yu)上(shang)圖相同。
三(san)(san)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得(de)更高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接線原理(li)見圖4。串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)優越性(xing)，因為(wei)整個試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)由(you)幾(ji)臺(tai)(tai)單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)，單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容量(liang)小、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)、重量(liang)輕(qing)，便于運輸(shu)和安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)。它既然可(ke)串接成(cheng)高(gao)出幾(ji)倍的(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)合(he)使用(yong)，又可(ke)分(fen)開成(cheng)幾(ji)套(tao)單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)(dan)獨使用(yong)。整套(tao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)投資小，經濟實惠。圖5中，在(zai)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)每個單(dan)(dan)元試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中都(dou)有一(yi)個勵(li)(li)磁繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)A1、C1和A2、C2。在(zai)三(san)(san)臺(tai)(tai)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原理(li)中，低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源加(jia)在(zai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)a1x1上，單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都(dou)是V。勵(li)(li)磁繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)A1、C1給(gei)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)勵(li)(li)磁繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)A2、C2給(gei)第(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和第(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)箱體(ti)(ti)分(fen)別(bie)處在(zai)對地(di)為(wei)1V和2V的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位上，所(suo)以箱體(ti)(ti)對地(di)是絕緣的(de)(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)箱體(ti)(ti)是接地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這樣(yang)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)定輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)1V、2V、3V；其額(e)定容量(liang)分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器做被試品的(de)工(gong)頻耐(nai)壓(ya)試驗使用接線(xian)原理圖(tu)見(jian)圖(tu)5。
圖中：R1—限(xian)流電(dian)阻(zu) FRC—阻(zu)容分(fen)壓器(qi) RF—球(qiu)(qiu)間隙保護電(dian)阻(zu) ;G—球(qiu)(qiu)間隙 CX—被試品(pin)
注(zhu)：高(gao)壓(ya)尾必(bi)須可靠接地(di)
工頻耐(nai)壓(ya)試驗(yan)中限流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻R1應根據試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)額定容(rong)量來選擇。如高(gao)壓(ya)側額定輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)流(liu)在100～300mA時(shi)，可(ke)取0.5～1Ω/V(試驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya))；高(gao)壓(ya)側額定輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)流(liu)為1A以上時(shi)，可(ke)取1Ω/V(試驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya))。常用(yong)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)阻作(zuo)為限流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻，管子(zi)長度可(ke)按150kV/m考慮，管子(zi)粗細應具有足(zu)夠的(de)熱容(rong)量(水(shui)阻液配(pei)制方法：用(yong)蒸餾水(shui)加入適量硫酸銅配(pei)制成各種不同的(de)阻值(zhi))。
球(qiu)間隙(xi)及保護電(dian)阻(zu)：當電(dian)壓超過球(qiu)間隙(xi)整定值(zhi)時(一般取試驗電(dian)壓的110%~120%)，球(qiu)間隙(xi)放電(dian)，對被試品起(qi)到保護作用。球(qiu)間隙(xi)保護電(dian)阻(zu)可(ke)按1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)壓)選取。
在(zai)(zai)工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)中，低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya))不是非常準(zhun)(zhun)確(que)的(de)，其原(yuan)因是由于(yu)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)存在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)(zhu)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)抗，在(zai)(zai)這個漏(lou)(lou)(lou)抗上(shang)必然(ran)(ran)存在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)(jiang)或(huo)容升，使試(shi)品上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)于(yu)或(huo)高(gao)于(yu)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)表上(shang)反(fan)映出(chu)來的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)時，被試(shi)品上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于(yu)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，也(ye)就是所謂容升現象。感應耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)時，試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)抗必然(ran)(ran)存在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)(jiang)。為了準(zhun)(zhun)確(que)測量被試(shi)品上(shang)所施加(jia)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此(ci)常在(zai)(zai)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)接入FRC阻容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)來測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(見(jian)圖5)。
工頻耐(nai)壓試驗操作注(zhu)意事項(xiang)
1）試驗(yan)人員應做好分工(gong)，明(ming)確相互間聯系方法。并有專門(men)人監護現(xian)場**及觀察(cha)試品狀態。
2）被試(shi)品應先(xian)清掃干凈，并**干燥，以(yi)免損壞(huai)被試(shi)品和試(shi)驗(yan)帶(dai)來的誤差。
3）對于大(da)型試驗，一般(ban)都(dou)應(ying)先(xian)進行空升(sheng)試驗。即(ji)不(bu)接試品時升(sheng)壓至(zhi)試驗電壓，校對各種表計，調整球間(jian)隙。
4）升壓(ya)(ya)速度不(bu)能太快，并必須(xu)防(fang)止突然加壓(ya)(ya)。例(li)如調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)器不(bu)在(zai)零位時(shi)突然合閘(zha)。也不(bu)能突然切斷電(dian)源，一般應在(zai)調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)器降(jiang)至零位時(shi)拉(la)閘(zha)。
5）當電(dian)壓升至試驗電(dian)壓時(shi)，開始計時(shi)，到1min后，迅速降壓到1/3試驗電(dian)壓以下時(shi)，才能拉(la)開電(dian)源。
6）在(zai)升(sheng)壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試驗(yan)過程中(zhong)，如發現下列不正常情(qing)況時，應(ying)立即(ji)降壓(ya)，切斷電源。停止(zhi)試驗(yan)并查明原(yuan)因：①電壓(ya)表指針擺(bai)動(dong)很(hen)大；②發現絕緣燒焦或冒煙；③被試品內(nei)有不正常的聲音。
7）耐壓試驗前后應測量絕(jue)緣電阻，檢查絕(jue)緣情(qing)況。
試驗(yan)變壓器在做被試品的直流耐壓或泄露試驗(yan)時接線原理圖(tu)如圖(tu)6。
注：此試(shi)驗應先抽出短路桿“D”，圖6中(zhong)所示。
圖中(zhong)：VD—高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)硅堆 R1—限流電阻 C1—高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)濾(lv)波電容 FRC—阻容分壓(ya)(ya)器 CX—被試品(pin) μA—帶保護微安表
泄露(lu)試(shi)(shi)驗中限(xian)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻R1選(xuan)擇在額(e)定輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時，輸(shu)出端短(duan)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不超過高壓硅(gui)堆(dui)的*大(da)(da)整流(liu)(liu)。如(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓硅(gui)堆(dui)的*大(da)(da)整流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為100mA時用于60kV的試(shi)(shi)驗裝置(zhi)中，限(xian)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻按(an)R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選(xuan)擇。限(xian)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻還應(ying)具(ju)有足夠的容量和沿面放電(dian)(dian)(dian)距離(li)。
高(gao)壓濾(lv)波電容(rong)C1一般選(xuan)擇在0.01~0.1μF，當被試(shi)品的電容(rong)量(liang)很大時(shi)，C1可省略不用。
泄露試(shi)驗的操作及注意(yi)事項
1）試驗(yan)前(qian)應先檢(jian)查被(bei)試品是(shi)否停電，接地放電，一切對(dui)外連線是(shi)否擦干(gan)凈(jing)。要嚴防將(jiang)試驗(yan)電壓加到有人工作的部位上去(qu)。
2）接(jie)好試驗裝置的接(jie)線后，應(ying)復查(cha)(cha)無(wu)誤后才可(ke)(ke)加(jia)壓。應(ying)特別注意檢查(cha)(cha)高壓設備及引線與地、與操(cao)作人員的**距離，被(bei)試品的外殼是否可(ke)(ke)靠接(jie)地，要按**規程中所規定(ding)的內容進行試驗。
3）對(dui)于大電容(rong)量設(she)備應緩慢升(sheng)壓(ya)，防止被試品的充電電流燒壞微(wei)安表(biao)。必要時應分級(ji)(ji)加壓(ya)，分別讀取各級(ji)(ji)電壓(ya)下微(wei)安表(biao)的穩定讀數。
4）試驗過程中，應(ying)密切(qie)監視(shi)被(bei)試品、試驗裝置(zhi)、微安表，一旦發生(sheng)擊穿、閃爍等異常現象(xiang)應(ying)立即(ji)降(jiang)壓，切(qie)斷電(dian)源(yuan)，并查明原因，詳(xiang)細記錄。
5）試驗(yan)完畢，降壓，切斷電源后應將被試品及試驗(yan)裝(zhuang)置本身(shen)充(chong)分(fen)放電。
四、WBTQSB-10KVA/100KV交流耐壓發生器注意事項
1、按照您所進行的(de)試驗接(jie)(jie)好工作線路。試驗變壓器的(de)外殼(ke)以及操作系統的(de)外殼(ke)必須可靠接(jie)(jie)地。試驗變壓器高壓繞(rao)組的(de)X端(高壓尾)以及測量(liang)繞(rao)組的(de)F端必須可靠接(jie)(jie)地。
2、做串(chuan)級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時(shi)，**級(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器的低壓(ya)繞組(zu)的X端(duan)，測量繞組(zu)的F端(duan)以及高壓(ya)繞組(zu)的X端(duan)(高壓(ya)尾)均(jun)接本(ben)級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器的外(wai)殼(ke)。**級(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器的外(wai)殼(ke)必須通(tong)過絕緣支架(jia)接地(di)。
3、接(jie)通(tong)電源前，操作系統的調壓器必須調到零位(wei)后方可接(jie)通(tong)電源，合(he)閘(zha)，開始升壓。
4、從零開(kai)始均勻旋轉調壓(ya)(ya)器手輪升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)方法(fa)(fa)有：快速升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)，即(ji)20s逐級升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)；慢速升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)，即(ji)60s逐級升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)；極(ji)慢速升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)供選用。電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)從零開(kai)始按一定(ding)(ding)的升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)方式和速度上升(sheng)到(dao)您(nin)所需(xu)的額定(ding)(ding)試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的75%后，在(zai)以每秒(miao)2%額定(ding)(ding)試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的速度升(sheng)到(dao)您(nin)所需(xu)的額定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，并密(mi)切注意測量儀(yi)(yi)表的指(zhi)示(shi)以及被試(shi)品(pin)的情況(kuang)。升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)過(guo)程(cheng)中或試(shi)驗(yan)過(guo)程(cheng)中如發現測量儀(yi)(yi)表的指(zhi)示(shi)及被試(shi)品(pin)情況(kuang)異常，應(ying)立即(ji)降壓(ya)(ya)，切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，查(cha)明情況(kuang)。
5、試驗完畢后(hou)(hou)，應在數秒內勻速的(de)將(jiang)調壓器返(fan)回至零位，然(ran)后(hou)(hou)切斷電(dian)源。
6、本產(chan)品不(bu)得超過額定參數使用。除試驗(yan)必須外，決不(bu)允許全電壓(ya)通(tong)電或斷電。
7、再升壓(ya)或耐(nai)壓(ya)試驗過程中，如發現(xian)以下不正常(chang)情況時(shi)，應立即降壓(ya)，切斷電源，停止試驗并查明原因。
⑴電(dian)壓表指針(zhen)擺(bai)動(或數字跳動)很大(da)
⑵電流(liu)表直(zhi)線上升
被試品內有不(bu)正常的聲(sheng)音
8、圖1中第(di)9項系壓(ya)(ya)力(li)閥及壓(ya)(ya)力(li)表，為(wei)長(chang)期關閉(bi)狀態(tai)。每(mei)6個(ge)月(yue)開閥一次，以(yi)(yi)檢(jian)查(cha)SF6壓(ya)(ya)力(li)，應(ying)不(bu)小于(yu)0.2MPa(檢(jian)查(cha)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)后立即關閉(bi)閥門)，低于(yu)0.2MPa時應(ying)加SF6氣體，以(yi)(yi)增加氣絕緣。
9、耐(nai)壓(ya)實驗(yan)前(qian)后應測(ce)量被(bei)試設(she)備的絕緣(yuan)電(dian)阻，檢查絕緣(yuan)情況(kuang)。
10、當試驗變壓(ya)器長期不使用時，應放置于通風、干燥、無陽光直射的地方。
11、該產(chan)品不允許在高于45℃的(de)溫度下長(chang)期存放、使用、放氣。
12、運輸(shu)搬運途中不得重力沖擊(ji)。
13、產品緊固件(jian)及壓力閥、壓力表(biao)不(bu)得擅自(zi)松動。
14、使用本產(chan)品(pin)做(zuo)高(gao)(gao)壓試驗時，出熟悉本說明書(shu)外(wai)，還必須嚴(yan)格執行(xing)國(guo)家有(you)關標準和操作規程。可參照GB311-83《高(gao)(gao)壓輸變設(she)備(bei)的絕(jue)緣配合，高(gao)(gao)壓試驗技術》；《電氣設(she)備(bei)預防性試驗規程》等。
五、WBTQSB-10KVA/100KV交流耐壓發生器容量選擇
標稱試驗(yan)變壓器(qi)容量Pn的確定公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中：
Pn——標(biao)稱試驗變壓器容量(kVA)
Vn——試驗變(bian)壓器的額定輸出高壓的有效值(zhi)(kV)
k ——**系(xi)數。k≥1，標稱電壓(ya)Vn≥1MV時，k=2；標稱電壓(ya)較低時，k值可取高一些。
Ct——被試品的電容量(pF)
ω——角(jiao)頻率，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源的頻率
被試設(she)備(bei)的電容量Ct可由(you)交流電橋(qiao)測出。Ct的變化很大，
可由設備的類型而定。
典型數(shu)據如下：
簡(jian)單的棒(bang)式或(huo)懸式絕緣子 幾十微法
簡單的(de)分級(ji)套管 ; 100～1000pF
電(dian)壓互感器 200 ～ 500pF
電力(li)變壓器 < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高壓(ya)電力電纜和油浸紙絕緣(yuan) ; 250～300pF/m
氣體絕(jue)緣 ; ～60pF/m
封閉(bi)變電站，SF6氣體絕(jue)緣 100～10000Pf;
對于不同的試驗(yan)電壓(ya)Vn，選擇不同的(適當的)**系數k。
以下列出(chu)不同的Vn所選用的k值供參考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2