一(yi)、WBTQSB-10KVA/100KV交直流高壓發生器概述(shu)
YDQ系列高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)是(shi)根據(ju)《試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)》標準(zhun)，在油浸(jin)式試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)基礎上而設(she)(she)計生(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)體具有(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)氣(qi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)性能(neng)及優(you)異(yi)的(de)(de)(de)滅弧性能(neng)，其耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強度為同一壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下(xia)(xia)氮氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)2.5倍，擊穿(chuan)(chuan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)2.5倍。在0.25MPa下(xia)(xia)與油的(de)(de)(de)擊穿(chuan)(chuan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相等，在0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下(xia)(xia)是(shi)油的(de)(de)(de)擊穿(chuan)(chuan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)2倍，是(shi)一種優(you)于(yu)油的(de)(de)(de)新一代超高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)絕(jue)緣(yuan)介質材料。該(gai)產品技術(shu)要求完(wan)全符(fu)合(he)《ZBK-41006-89》標準(zhun)，它是(shi)油浸(jin)式輕型試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)換(huan)代產品。該(gai)產品具有(you)體積小、重量輕、不(bu)受氣(qi)候變化影響、電(dian)暈小、現(xian)場搬運無需靜止可(ke)使用，使用壽命(ming)長、免(mian)維(wei)修(xiu)等特(te)點。適用于(yu)電(dian)力(li)系統、工礦企(qi)業、科研部門等對各種高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)氣(qi)設(she)(she)備、電(dian)氣(qi)元件、絕(jue)緣(yuan)材料進行工頻或直流高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)強度試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。
二、WBTQSB-10KVA/100KV交直流高壓發生器產品結構
YDQ系列高(gao)壓試驗變壓器采(cai)用單框芯式(shi)鐵芯結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)，初(chu)級繞(rao)組(zu)繞(rao)在鐵芯上(shang)，高(gao)壓繞(rao)組(zu)在外，這種(zhong)同軸布置減少了(le)漏磁通，因而增大了(le)繞(rao)組(zu)間(jian)的耦合(he)。產品(pin)的外殼為(wei)圓柱(zhu)灌式(shi)容器結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)，能耐受0.8MPa以上(shang)壓力。其結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)見圖1：
三、WBTQSB-10KVA/100KV交直流高壓發生器工作原理
YDQ系列高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)單相變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，聯結組(zu)標(biao)號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用(yong)工頻220V(10kVA以(yi)上為(wei)380V)電(dian)源接(jie)入 (為(wei)本公(gong)司生產的試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)配(pei)套專用(yong)設備，詳細(xi)資料請見其(qi)具體(ti)使用(yong)說明書)系列操作箱(臺)，經操作箱內自偶調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(50kVA以(yi)上調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)外附)調(diao)節至0～200V(或0～400V)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)輸出至YDQ試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的初級(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)，根據電(dian)磁(ci)感應原理，在試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)可獲(huo)得試(shi)驗(yan)所需的高電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列高壓試驗變(bian)壓器的工作原理圖(tu)見(jian)圖(tu)2。
單(dan)臺YDQ系列交直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器的工作(zuo)原(yuan)理圖見圖3，圖中高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)套管(guan)中裝(zhuang)有高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)硅(gui)堆，串接在高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)回路(lu)中作(zuo)半波整流(liu)，以(yi)獲得直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)高(gao)(gao)電壓(ya)。當用一短(duan)路(lu)桿將(jiang)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)硅(gui)堆短(duan)接時，可(ke)獲得工頻高(gao)(gao)電壓(ya)，作(zuo)為交流(liu)輸出(chu)(chu)狀態(tai)；取(qu)消(xiao)短(duan)路(lu)桿時，作(zuo)為直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)輸出(chu)(chu)狀態(tai)。
試驗變(bian)壓器高壓套管中(zhong)的(de)高壓硅堆(dui)未畫出，其(qi)原理(li)與上圖相同(tong)。
三(san)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)接(jie)線(xian)原理見圖4。串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)有(you)很(hen)大的(de)(de)優越性，因為(wei)整個(ge)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝置由幾臺(tai)單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)組(zu)成(cheng)，單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)容(rong)量(liang)小、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)、重(zhong)量(liang)輕(qing)，便(bian)于運輸(shu)和(he)安裝。它既然可串(chuan)接(jie)成(cheng)高(gao)出(chu)(chu)幾倍的(de)(de)單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)合使用，又可分開成(cheng)幾套單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)單獨使用。整套裝置投資(zi)小，經濟(ji)實(shi)惠。圖5中(zhong)，在(zai)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)每個(ge)單元試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)中(zhong)都有(you)一個(ge)勵(li)磁繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)A1、C1和(he)A2、C2。在(zai)三(san)臺(tai)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)基本原理中(zhong)，低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)加在(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)a1x1上，單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都是V。勵(li)磁繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)A1、C1給**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)勵(li)磁繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)A2、C2給第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅱ和(he)第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)箱體分別處在(zai)對(dui)地(di)為(wei)1V和(he)2V的(de)(de)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位上，所以箱體對(dui)地(di)是絕(jue)緣的(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)箱體是接(jie)地(di)的(de)(de)。這樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)對(dui)地(di)的(de)(de)額定輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分別為(wei)1V、2V、3V；其額定容(rong)量(liang)分別為(wei)3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系(xi)列高壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器做被試品的工頻耐壓(ya)試驗使用(yong)接線原理圖見圖5。
圖(tu)中：R1—限(xian)流電阻(zu) FRC—阻(zu)容(rong)分壓器 RF—球間(jian)隙保(bao)護電阻(zu) G—球間(jian)隙 CX—被試品
注：高壓尾必須可靠接地
工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)試驗中(zhong)限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R1應根據(ju)試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的額定(ding)容量來選擇。如高壓(ya)(ya)側(ce)額定(ding)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)在100～300mA時，可(ke)(ke)取0.5～1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya))；高壓(ya)(ya)側(ce)額定(ding)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)為(wei)1A以上(shang)時，可(ke)(ke)取1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya))。常用水(shui)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)作為(wei)限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，管子長(chang)度可(ke)(ke)按150kV/m考慮(lv)，管子粗細(xi)應具(ju)有足夠的熱容量(水(shui)阻(zu)液配(pei)制方(fang)法：用蒸餾水(shui)加入適量硫酸(suan)銅配(pei)制成各種不同的阻(zu)值)。
球間隙及保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)阻：當電(dian)壓(ya)超(chao)過球間隙整定(ding)值(zhi)時(一般取(qu)試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)的110%~120%)，球間隙放(fang)電(dian)，對被試(shi)品起到保(bao)護(hu)作用(yong)。球間隙保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)阻可按1Ω/V(試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya))選(xuan)取(qu)。
在(zai)(zai)工頻(pin)耐壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)中，低電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)側測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(儀表(biao)(biao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya))不是非常(chang)準(zhun)(zhun)確的(de)，其(qi)原(yuan)因是由(you)于試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)存在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)漏抗(kang)(kang)，在(zai)(zai)這個(ge)漏抗(kang)(kang)上(shang)(shang)必然存在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)降(jiang)或容(rong)升(sheng)，使試(shi)(shi)(shi)品上(shang)(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低于或高于低壓(ya)側測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)表(biao)(biao)上(shang)(shang)反映(ying)出來的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。工頻(pin)耐壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)，被試(shi)(shi)(shi)品上(shang)(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高于試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，也就是所謂容(rong)升(sheng)現象。感應耐壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)漏抗(kang)(kang)必然存在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)降(jiang)。為了準(zhun)(zhun)確測量(liang)被試(shi)(shi)(shi)品上(shang)(shang)所施加的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，因此常(chang)在(zai)(zai)高壓(ya)側接入FRC阻容(rong)分(fen)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)來測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(見圖(tu)5)。
工(gong)頻(pin)耐壓試驗操作(zuo)注意事(shi)項
1）試驗(yan)人員應(ying)做好分工，明確相互間聯系方法。并有專門人監護(hu)現場**及觀察試品狀態。
2）被試(shi)品(pin)應(ying)先(xian)清掃(sao)干凈，并(bing)**干燥，以免損壞被試(shi)品(pin)和試(shi)驗帶來的誤(wu)差。
3）對于大型(xing)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)，一般都(dou)應先(xian)進行(xing)空升試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。即不接試(shi)(shi)品時升壓至(zhi)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)電壓，校對各種表計(ji)，調整(zheng)球間隙(xi)。
4）升(sheng)壓速度不(bu)能(neng)太快，并必須防(fang)止突然加(jia)壓。例如調(diao)壓器不(bu)在零位時突然合閘。也不(bu)能(neng)突然切(qie)斷電源(yuan)，一般應在調(diao)壓器降至(zhi)零位時拉閘。
5）當電(dian)壓(ya)升至試驗電(dian)壓(ya)時，開始計時，到1min后，迅速降壓(ya)到1/3試驗電(dian)壓(ya)以下時，才(cai)能拉開電(dian)源。
6）在(zai)升壓(ya)或耐(nai)壓(ya)試驗(yan)過程中(zhong)，如發(fa)現下列(lie)不正(zheng)常情況時，應立即降壓(ya)，切(qie)斷電源。停止試驗(yan)并查明原因：①電壓(ya)表(biao)指針擺動很大；②發(fa)現絕(jue)緣燒焦或冒(mao)煙(yan)；③被(bei)試品內(nei)有不正(zheng)常的(de)聲(sheng)音。
7）耐(nai)壓試(shi)驗(yan)前后應測量絕緣(yuan)電(dian)阻，檢查絕緣(yuan)情況。
試(shi)(shi)驗變壓器(qi)在做被試(shi)(shi)品(pin)的直流耐壓或泄露試(shi)(shi)驗時(shi)接線原理圖(tu)如圖(tu)6。
注：此試驗(yan)應先抽出短路桿(gan)“D”，圖6中(zhong)所(suo)示。
圖中(zhong)：VD—高壓(ya)硅堆 ; R1—限流電阻(zu) C1—高壓(ya)濾(lv)波電容 FRC—阻(zu)容分壓(ya)器 CX—被試品 μA—帶保護微安表
泄(xie)露試驗中(zhong)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)R1選擇在額定輸出電(dian)壓時，輸出端短路電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)不超過高壓硅堆(dui)的*大整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。如電(dian)壓硅堆(dui)的*大整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)為(wei)100mA時用(yong)于60kV的試驗裝置(zhi)中(zhong)，限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇。限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)還(huan)應具有足夠的容量和(he)沿面放電(dian)距離。
高壓濾波電容(rong)C1一般選(xuan)擇(ze)在0.01~0.1μF，當被(bei)試品的(de)電容(rong)量很大(da)時，C1可省略不用。
泄露試驗(yan)的操作(zuo)及(ji)注意事項
1）試(shi)驗(yan)前應(ying)先(xian)檢查被試(shi)品是否(fou)停(ting)電(dian)，接地放電(dian)，一切對外連線(xian)是否(fou)擦干凈(jing)。要嚴防(fang)將試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓加到有人工作的(de)部位上去。
2）接(jie)(jie)(jie)好試驗(yan)(yan)裝置的接(jie)(jie)(jie)線后，應復(fu)查無誤后才(cai)可(ke)加壓。應特別注意檢查高壓設備及引(yin)線與(yu)地、與(yu)操作(zuo)人(ren)員的**距(ju)離，被試品的外殼是否可(ke)靠接(jie)(jie)(jie)地，要按**規程中所規定的內容進行試驗(yan)(yan)。
3）對(dui)于大電容(rong)量設備應(ying)緩慢升壓，防止被試品的充電電流燒(shao)壞微安表(biao)。必要(yao)時應(ying)分(fen)級加壓，分(fen)別讀取各級電壓下微安表(biao)的穩定讀數。
4）試(shi)驗過程中(zhong)，應密切(qie)(qie)監(jian)視被(bei)試(shi)品、試(shi)驗裝置、微(wei)安(an)表，一旦發生擊穿、閃爍等異常(chang)現象(xiang)應立(li)即降壓，切(qie)(qie)斷(duan)電(dian)源，并查明原因，詳(xiang)細記錄(lu)。
5）試驗完畢，降壓，切斷(duan)電源后應將被試品及試驗裝(zhuang)置(zhi)本身充分(fen)放電。
四、WBTQSB-10KVA/100KV交直流高壓發生器注意事項
1、按照您所進行(xing)的(de)(de)試驗(yan)(yan)接(jie)(jie)好(hao)工(gong)作線路。試驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)的(de)(de)外殼以(yi)及操作系統的(de)(de)外殼必須(xu)可靠(kao)接(jie)(jie)地(di)。試驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)高壓繞(rao)組(zu)的(de)(de)X端(高壓尾)以(yi)及測量繞(rao)組(zu)的(de)(de)F端必須(xu)可靠(kao)接(jie)(jie)地(di)。
2、做串(chuan)級試(shi)驗時，**級、第三級試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)低壓(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)的(de)X端(duan)，測量繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)的(de)F端(duan)以及高壓(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)的(de)X端(duan)(高壓(ya)(ya)尾)均接本級試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)外殼。**級、第三級試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)外殼必須通過絕緣支(zhi)架接地(di)。
3、接通電源前，操作系(xi)統的調壓器(qi)必須調到(dao)零(ling)位后(hou)方可接通電源，合(he)閘，開始(shi)升(sheng)壓。
4、從(cong)零開(kai)始(shi)(shi)均勻旋轉調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器手輪升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)有：快速升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)，即(ji)20s逐級升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)；慢速升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)，即(ji)60s逐級升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)；極慢速升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)供選用。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)從(cong)零開(kai)始(shi)(shi)按一定(ding)的(de)(de)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)式和速度(du)上升(sheng)到(dao)您(nin)所需(xu)的(de)(de)額定(ding)試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)75%后，在以每(mei)秒2%額定(ding)試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)速度(du)升(sheng)到(dao)您(nin)所需(xu)的(de)(de)額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，并密(mi)切注意測(ce)量儀表的(de)(de)指示以及被試(shi)品的(de)(de)情況(kuang)。升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過程(cheng)中(zhong)或試(shi)驗(yan)過程(cheng)中(zhong)如發(fa)現測(ce)量儀表的(de)(de)指示及被試(shi)品情況(kuang)異常，應立(li)即(ji)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，查明情況(kuang)。
5、試驗完畢(bi)后，應在數秒內勻速的將調壓器返(fan)回(hui)至(zhi)零(ling)位，然后切斷電源。
6、本產品不(bu)得超過(guo)額定(ding)參數使(shi)用(yong)。除試驗必須外，決不(bu)允許全電(dian)(dian)壓通(tong)電(dian)(dian)或(huo)斷電(dian)(dian)。
7、再升壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試驗過程中，如(ru)發現(xian)以下不正常(chang)情況時，應立即降壓(ya)，切斷電源，停止試驗并查明原因。
⑴電壓(ya)表(biao)指針擺動(dong)(dong)(或(huo)數字(zi)跳動(dong)(dong))很大
⑵電(dian)流表(biao)直(zhi)線(xian)上升
被試品內有不正常(chang)的聲音
8、圖1中第(di)9項(xiang)系(xi)壓力(li)閥(fa)及(ji)壓力(li)表，為(wei)長期關(guan)閉狀態。每6個月開閥(fa)一次，以檢(jian)查SF6壓力(li)，應不小(xiao)于(yu)0.2MPa(檢(jian)查壓力(li)后立即關(guan)閉閥(fa)門)，低于(yu)0.2MPa時(shi)應加(jia)SF6氣(qi)體，以增加(jia)氣(qi)絕緣。
9、耐壓實驗前后應測量被試設備(bei)的絕(jue)緣電阻(zu)，檢查(cha)絕(jue)緣情(qing)況。
10、當試驗變壓器長(chang)期不使用(yong)時，應放(fang)置(zhi)于通(tong)風、干燥、無陽光直射的地方。
11、該產品不(bu)允許在高于(yu)45℃的溫度(du)下(xia)長期存放(fang)、使(shi)用、放(fang)氣(qi)。
12、運輸搬運途中不得重力沖擊。
13、產品(pin)緊(jin)固件(jian)及壓力(li)閥、壓力(li)表(biao)不得擅(shan)自松動。
14、使用本產品做(zuo)高(gao)(gao)壓試(shi)驗(yan)時，出熟悉本說(shuo)明(ming)書外，還必須嚴格執行國家有關標(biao)準(zhun)和操作規(gui)程。可參照GB311-83《高(gao)(gao)壓輸(shu)變設備(bei)(bei)的(de)絕緣配(pei)合，高(gao)(gao)壓試(shi)驗(yan)技術》；《電(dian)氣設備(bei)(bei)預(yu)防性試(shi)驗(yan)規(gui)程》等。
五、WBTQSB-10KVA/100KV交直流高壓發生器容量選擇
標稱試(shi)驗變壓器容量Pn的(de)確定公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中：
Pn——標稱試驗變壓器(qi)容量(kVA)
Vn——試驗變(bian)壓器的(de)額定輸出(chu)高壓的(de)有效值(zhi)(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標(biao)稱(cheng)電(dian)壓Vn≥1MV時，k=2；標(biao)稱(cheng)電(dian)壓較低時，k值可取高(gao)一些(xie)。
Ct——被試品的(de)電容量(liang)(pF)
ω——角頻率，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源(yuan)的頻率
被試設備的電(dian)(dian)容量(liang)Ct可由交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)橋測(ce)出(chu)。Ct的變(bian)化很大，
可由設備(bei)的(de)類(lei)型而定。
典型數據如下(xia)：
簡單(dan)的棒式(shi)或懸(xuan)式(shi)絕緣子(zi) 幾十微法
簡單的分級套管 ; 100～1000pF
電壓互感(gan)器 200 ～ 500pF
電力變壓器 < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高壓電(dian)力電(dian)纜和油(you)浸(jin)紙絕緣 250～300pF/m
氣(qi)體絕緣 ～60pF/m
封閉變電站，SF6氣體絕(jue)緣 100～10000Pf;
對于(yu)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的試驗電(dian)壓Vn，選擇(ze)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(適當的)**系(xi)數(shu)k。
以(yi)下(xia)列出不同的Vn所選用的k值供參(can)考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2