一、WBTQSB-10KVA/100KV工頻交流試驗變壓器概述
YDQ系列高壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器是根據(ju)《試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器》標(biao)準，在油浸式試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)而設(she)計生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)(qi)體具(ju)有良好的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)絕(jue)緣性(xing)能及優異的(de)(de)(de)滅(mie)弧性(xing)能，其(qi)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)強(qiang)度(du)為同一(yi)壓(ya)(ya)力下(xia)氮(dan)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)2.5倍，擊穿電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)2.5倍。在0.25MPa下(xia)與(yu)油的(de)(de)(de)擊穿電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)相等，在0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)力下(xia)是油的(de)(de)(de)擊穿電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)2倍，是一(yi)種(zhong)優于油的(de)(de)(de)新一(yi)代(dai)超高壓(ya)(ya)絕(jue)緣介質材料。該產(chan)品技術要(yao)求完全符(fu)合《ZBK-41006-89》標(biao)準，它是油浸式輕型試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)換代(dai)產(chan)品。該產(chan)品具(ju)有體積小、重(zhong)量輕、不受氣(qi)(qi)候變(bian)化(hua)影響、電(dian)暈小、現場搬運無需靜止(zhi)可(ke)使用，使用壽命長、免(mian)維(wei)修等特點。適用于電(dian)力系統、工(gong)礦企(qi)業、科研部門等對各種(zhong)高壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設(she)備、電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)元件、絕(jue)緣材料進行工(gong)頻或直流高壓(ya)(ya)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣強(qiang)度(du)試驗(yan)。
二、WBTQSB-10KVA/100KV工頻交流試驗變壓器產品結構
YDQ系列高(gao)壓試(shi)驗變(bian)壓器采用單框(kuang)芯式鐵(tie)芯結構，初(chu)級繞(rao)組繞(rao)在鐵(tie)芯上(shang)，高(gao)壓繞(rao)組在外，這種(zhong)同軸布置減少(shao)了漏磁(ci)通，因(yin)而(er)增大了繞(rao)組間的耦合(he)。產(chan)品的外殼為圓柱灌式容(rong)器結構，能(neng)耐(nai)受0.8MPa以上(shang)壓力。其結構見圖1：
三、WBTQSB-10KVA/100KV工頻交流試驗變壓器工作原理
YDQ系列(lie)(lie)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)為單相變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)，聯結組標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用工頻(pin)220V(10kVA以上為380V)電(dian)源接入(ru) (為本(ben)公(gong)司生(sheng)產的試驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)配套專用設備，詳細資料請見(jian)其具體使(shi)用說(shuo)明書)系列(lie)(lie)操作(zuo)箱(xiang)(臺)，經(jing)操作(zuo)箱(xiang)內自(zi)偶調(diao)(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(50kVA以上調(diao)(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)外(wai)附(fu))調(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)至0～200V(或0～400V)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輸出至YDQ試驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的初級(ji)繞組，根據電(dian)磁感應原理，在(zai)試驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)繞組可(ke)獲(huo)得試驗(yan)所需的高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列(lie)高壓試驗變壓器(qi)的工作原理圖見圖2。
單臺YDQ系列交直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓試驗(yan)變(bian)壓器的工作(zuo)原理(li)圖見圖3，圖中高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓套管中裝有(you)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓硅堆(dui)，串(chuan)接在高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓回路(lu)中作(zuo)半波整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)，以獲得直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)電(dian)壓。當用一短(duan)路(lu)桿(gan)將高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓硅堆(dui)短(duan)接時，可獲得工頻高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)電(dian)壓，作(zuo)為交流(liu)(liu)輸出狀態(tai)；取(qu)消短(duan)路(lu)桿(gan)時，作(zuo)為直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)輸出狀態(tai)。
試驗變壓器高壓套(tao)管中的高壓硅堆未畫出，其原理與上(shang)圖相(xiang)同。
三臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更高(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)線原理(li)(li)見圖(tu)4。串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)優越性，因為整個試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)置由幾臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組成，單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容量(liang)小、電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重量(liang)輕(qing)，便于運(yun)輸(shu)和(he)(he)安裝(zhuang)。它既然可(ke)串(chuan)接(jie)成高(gao)出(chu)幾倍的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)組合使(shi)用，又(you)可(ke)分(fen)開成幾套(tao)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)獨(du)使(shi)用。整套(tao)裝(zhuang)置投資小，經濟實惠。圖(tu)5中(zhong)，在**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)每個單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)元試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)都有一個勵磁(ci)繞(rao)組A1、C1和(he)(he)A2、C2。在三臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本(ben)原理(li)(li)中(zhong)，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)源加在試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組a1x1上(shang)(shang)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)都是V。勵磁(ci)繞(rao)組A1、C1給**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組供電(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)勵磁(ci)繞(rao)組A2、C2給第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組供電(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)(he)第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)箱體分(fen)別處(chu)在對(dui)(dui)地(di)為1V和(he)(he)2V的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)位上(shang)(shang)，所以箱體對(dui)(dui)地(di)是絕(jue)緣的(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)箱體是接(jie)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)。這樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)(dui)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)額定輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)別為1V、2V、3V；其額定容量(liang)分(fen)別為3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器做(zuo)被試品的工頻(pin)耐壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)使用接線原理圖見圖5。
圖中：R1—限(xian)流電阻 FRC—阻容分壓器 RF—球間(jian)隙保護電阻 G—球間(jian)隙 CX—被試品(pin)
注：高壓尾必須可(ke)靠接(jie)地
工頻(pin)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)中限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)R1應根據試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的額定容量(liang)來選擇(ze)。如高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)額定輸出電(dian)(dian)流(liu)在100～300mA時，可(ke)取(qu)0.5～1Ω/V(試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya))；高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)額定輸出電(dian)(dian)流(liu)為1A以上(shang)時，可(ke)取(qu)1Ω/V(試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya))。常用(yong)水電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)作(zuo)為限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，管子(zi)(zi)長(chang)度可(ke)按150kV/m考慮(lv)，管子(zi)(zi)粗細應具(ju)有(you)足(zu)夠的熱容量(liang)(水阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)液配制(zhi)方法(fa)：用(yong)蒸(zheng)餾水加入(ru)適量(liang)硫酸銅(tong)配制(zhi)成各種(zhong)不同(tong)的阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)值)。
球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)及保護電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)：當電(dian)(dian)壓超過球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)整定值時(一般取試驗電(dian)(dian)壓的110%~120%)，球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)放電(dian)(dian)，對被試品起(qi)到保護作(zuo)用。球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)保護電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)可按1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)(dian)壓)選取。
在工(gong)頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)中，低電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表(biao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是非(fei)常(chang)準確的，其原(yuan)因是由于試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器存(cun)在著(zhu)漏(lou)抗，在這個漏(lou)抗上(shang)必然存(cun)在著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降或容升，使試(shi)品(pin)上(shang)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低于或高于低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)上(shang)反映出(chu)來(lai)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工(gong)頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)時，被試(shi)品(pin)上(shang)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是所謂容升現(xian)象。感(gan)應耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)時，試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的漏(lou)抗必然存(cun)在著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為了準確測(ce)量(liang)被試(shi)品(pin)上(shang)所施加(jia)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此常(chang)在高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側接(jie)入FRC阻(zu)容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器來(lai)測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工頻耐(nai)壓(ya)試驗(yan)操(cao)作注意事項
1）試(shi)驗人員(yuan)應做好分工，明確(que)相互間(jian)聯(lian)系方(fang)法。并(bing)有專門人監護現場**及觀察試(shi)品狀態(tai)。
2）被(bei)試(shi)(shi)品(pin)應先(xian)清(qing)掃干凈(jing)，并**干燥，以免損壞(huai)被(bei)試(shi)(shi)品(pin)和試(shi)(shi)驗帶來的誤差。
3）對于大型試驗(yan)，一般都應(ying)先進行空(kong)升(sheng)試驗(yan)。即不接試品時升(sheng)壓至試驗(yan)電壓，校(xiao)對各種(zhong)表計，調整球(qiu)間隙(xi)。
4）升壓速度不(bu)能太(tai)快，并必須防(fang)止突(tu)然加壓。例如調(diao)壓器不(bu)在零位(wei)時突(tu)然合閘。也不(bu)能突(tu)然切斷電源，一般應在調(diao)壓器降至零位(wei)時拉閘。
5）當電(dian)壓升(sheng)至試驗電(dian)壓時(shi)，開始(shi)計(ji)時(shi)，到1min后(hou)，迅(xun)速(su)降壓到1/3試驗電(dian)壓以(yi)下時(shi)，才(cai)能拉開電(dian)源。
6）在(zai)升壓或(huo)(huo)耐壓試驗過程中，如發現(xian)下列不(bu)正常情況(kuang)時，應立(li)即降壓，切斷電源。停止(zhi)試驗并查明原因：①電壓表(biao)指針擺動很(hen)大；②發現(xian)絕緣燒焦或(huo)(huo)冒煙；③被試品內有不(bu)正常的聲音。
7）耐壓試驗前后(hou)應測量(liang)絕緣電(dian)阻，檢查(cha)絕緣情況。
試驗變壓器(qi)在做被(bei)試品的直流耐壓或泄露試驗時接線原理(li)圖(tu)如圖(tu)6。
注(zhu)：此(ci)試(shi)驗(yan)應先(xian)抽出短路(lu)桿“D”，圖6中所示。
圖中(zhong)：VD—高(gao)壓硅堆(dui) R1—限流電阻 C1—高(gao)壓濾(lv)波電容 FRC—阻容分(fen)壓器(qi) CX—被(bei)試品 μA—帶保護微安表
泄露試(shi)驗中限流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R1選擇在額定輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時，輸(shu)出端(duan)短路電(dian)(dian)流(liu)不超過高壓(ya)硅(gui)(gui)堆的(de)*大整流(liu)。如電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)硅(gui)(gui)堆的(de)*大整流(liu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)為100mA時用于60kV的(de)試(shi)驗裝置中，限流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇。限流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)還應具有足(zu)夠的(de)容量和(he)沿(yan)面(mian)放電(dian)(dian)距離。
高壓濾波電容C1一(yi)般選擇在0.01~0.1μF，當(dang)被試品的電容量很大時，C1可省略(lve)不用。
泄露試驗的操作及注意事(shi)項(xiang)
1）試驗前應先檢查被試品(pin)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)停電，接地放(fang)電，一切對外連線(xian)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)擦干(gan)凈。要嚴防將試驗電壓加到(dao)有(you)人工作的部位(wei)上去。
2）接好試驗(yan)裝置的接線(xian)后，應復查(cha)無誤后才可(ke)加壓(ya)。應特別(bie)注意(yi)檢查(cha)高(gao)壓(ya)設備及(ji)引(yin)線(xian)與地、與操作人員(yuan)的**距離，被(bei)試品的外殼(ke)是否可(ke)靠接地，要按**規程中所規定的內容進行(xing)試驗(yan)。
3）對于大電容量(liang)設備應(ying)緩慢(man)升壓(ya)，防止被試品(pin)的充電電流燒壞(huai)微安(an)表。必要時應(ying)分級(ji)加(jia)壓(ya)，分別讀取(qu)各級(ji)電壓(ya)下微安(an)表的穩定讀數。
4）試驗過程中，應(ying)密切監視被(bei)試品、試驗裝置、微安表，一旦發生擊(ji)穿、閃爍等異常現象應(ying)立即降(jiang)壓，切斷電源，并查明原因，詳(xiang)細記(ji)錄。
5）試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)完畢，降壓，切斷電源(yuan)后應將(jiang)被試(shi)品(pin)及試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)置本身充分(fen)放電。
四、WBTQSB-10KVA/100KV工頻交流試驗變壓器注意事項
1、按(an)照您所進(jin)行的(de)試(shi)驗(yan)接好工作(zuo)線路。試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)外殼以及操作(zuo)系統的(de)外殼必須可靠接地。試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器高壓(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組的(de)X端(duan)(duan)(高壓(ya)(ya)尾)以及測量繞(rao)組的(de)F端(duan)(duan)必須可靠接地。
2、做串級(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)(yan)時，**級(ji)(ji)、第三級(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)低(di)壓(ya)繞(rao)(rao)組的(de)X端，測量繞(rao)(rao)組的(de)F端以及高壓(ya)繞(rao)(rao)組的(de)X端(高壓(ya)尾)均(jun)接(jie)本(ben)級(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)外(wai)殼。**級(ji)(ji)、第三級(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)外(wai)殼必須通過(guo)絕(jue)緣支架(jia)接(jie)地(di)。
3、接通電源(yuan)前(qian)，操作系(xi)統的調(diao)壓(ya)器必須調(diao)到零位后方可接通電源(yuan)，合閘，開始升壓(ya)。
4、從零(ling)開始均勻旋轉(zhuan)調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器手輪升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)法(fa)有：快(kuai)速升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即20s逐級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；慢速升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即60s逐級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；極慢速升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)供選(xuan)用。電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)從零(ling)開始按(an)一定(ding)的升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)式和(he)速度(du)上升(sheng)(sheng)到您所(suo)需的額定(ding)試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的75%后，在以(yi)每秒2%額定(ding)試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的速度(du)升(sheng)(sheng)到您所(suo)需的額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，并密切注意測量(liang)儀表(biao)的指示以(yi)及(ji)被試(shi)品的情況。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過程中或試(shi)驗(yan)過程中如(ru)發現測量(liang)儀表(biao)的指示及(ji)被試(shi)品情況異常(chang)，應立即降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，切斷電(dian)(dian)源，查明情況。
5、試驗完(wan)畢(bi)后(hou)，應在數秒內勻速的將(jiang)調壓(ya)器返回(hui)至零位，然(ran)后(hou)切(qie)斷電源。
6、本產品不(bu)得超過(guo)額定參數使(shi)用。除試(shi)驗必(bi)須外，決不(bu)允許全電(dian)壓通電(dian)或(huo)斷電(dian)。
7、再(zai)升壓或耐(nai)壓試(shi)驗(yan)過程中(zhong)，如發現以下不(bu)正常情況時，應立即降壓，切斷電源，停止試(shi)驗(yan)并查明原因。
⑴電壓表指(zhi)針擺動(或數字跳動)很大
⑵電(dian)流表(biao)直線上升
被試品(pin)內有不正常的聲音
8、圖(tu)1中第(di)9項系壓(ya)力(li)閥及壓(ya)力(li)表，為長期(qi)關閉(bi)狀態(tai)。每6個月開閥一次(ci)，以檢查(cha)SF6壓(ya)力(li)，應(ying)(ying)不小于(yu)(yu)0.2MPa(檢查(cha)壓(ya)力(li)后立即關閉(bi)閥門(men))，低于(yu)(yu)0.2MPa時應(ying)(ying)加SF6氣體，以增加氣絕緣(yuan)。
9、耐壓實驗前后應(ying)測量(liang)被試設備的絕緣電阻，檢查絕緣情況。
10、當試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓器(qi)長期(qi)不使(shi)用時，應放置于通風、干(gan)燥、無(wu)陽光直(zhi)射的地方。
11、該產品不允許在高(gao)于45℃的溫(wen)度下長(chang)期存(cun)放、使用、放氣。
12、運輸搬運途中不(bu)得重力沖擊。
13、產(chan)品緊固件及壓力(li)閥、壓力(li)表不得擅自松動(dong)。
14、使用本產品(pin)做(zuo)高(gao)壓試(shi)驗時(shi)，出熟悉本說明(ming)書外(wai)，還必須嚴格執行國(guo)家有關(guan)標準和操作規程。可參照(zhao)GB311-83《高(gao)壓輸變設備的絕(jue)緣配合，高(gao)壓試(shi)驗技術(shu)》；《電氣設備預防性(xing)試(shi)驗規程》等。
五、WBTQSB-10KVA/100KV工頻交流試驗變壓器容量選擇
標稱試驗變壓器容量Pn的確定公(gong)式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式(shi)中：
Pn——標稱(cheng)試驗變壓(ya)器容量(kVA)
Vn——試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)器的額定輸出(chu)高壓(ya)的有效值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標稱電(dian)(dian)壓Vn≥1MV時(shi)，k=2；標稱電(dian)(dian)壓較(jiao)低時(shi)，k值(zhi)可取高(gao)一些。
Ct——被(bei)試品的電容量(pF)
ω——角頻(pin)率(lv)，ω=2πf， f——試驗(yan)電源的頻(pin)率(lv)
被試設備的電(dian)容(rong)量Ct可由交流電(dian)橋測出。Ct的變化很大(da)，
可(ke)由設備的類型而定。
典型(xing)數(shu)據如下：
簡單的棒式或懸式絕緣子 幾十微法
簡(jian)單(dan)的分級套(tao)管 100～1000pF
電壓(ya)互感器 200 ～ 500pF
電力變(bian)壓器(qi) < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高壓電力(li)電纜和油浸(jin)紙絕緣 250～300pF/m
氣體(ti)絕緣 ; ～60pF/m
封閉變電站(zhan)，SF6氣體(ti)絕緣 100～10000Pf;
對于不同的(de)試驗電壓Vn，選擇不同的(de)(適當的(de))**系數k。
以下列出不(bu)同的(de)Vn所選用的(de)k值供參(can)考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV ; k = 2