一、WBTQSB-20KVA/50KV交直流耐壓發生器概述
YDQ系(xi)列高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)是(shi)(shi)根(gen)據《試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)》標準(zhun)，在油(you)浸式試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上而設計(ji)生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)具有良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)絕緣(yuan)性能(neng)及(ji)優異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滅弧性能(neng)，其耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強度為同一壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)氮(dan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍，擊(ji)穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍。在0.25MPa下(xia)與油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相等，在0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)是(shi)(shi)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍，是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)優于油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新一代超高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)絕緣(yuan)介質材料。該(gai)產品(pin)技術要求完全符合《ZBK-41006-89》標準(zhun)，它是(shi)(shi)油(you)浸式輕型試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)換代產品(pin)。該(gai)產品(pin)具有體(ti)積小(xiao)、重(zhong)量(liang)輕、不(bu)受氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候變化影(ying)響、電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈小(xiao)、現場搬運無需靜止可使(shi)用(yong)，使(shi)用(yong)壽命長(chang)、免(mian)維修等特點(dian)。適用(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統、工(gong)礦(kuang)企業、科(ke)研(yan)部門等對(dui)各種(zhong)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)設備、電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)元件、絕緣(yuan)材料進行工(gong)頻或直流高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)強度試(shi)(shi)驗。
二、WBTQSB-20KVA/50KV交直流耐壓發生器產品結構
YDQ系(xi)列高壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器采用單框芯(xin)式鐵芯(xin)結(jie)構(gou)，初級(ji)繞組繞在(zai)(zai)鐵芯(xin)上，高壓(ya)繞組在(zai)(zai)外，這種同(tong)軸布置減少了(le)漏磁通，因而增大了(le)繞組間的耦(ou)合(he)。產品的外殼為圓柱灌式容器結(jie)構(gou)，能耐(nai)受0.8MPa以上壓(ya)力。其結(jie)構(gou)見(jian)圖1：
三、WBTQSB-20KVA/50KV交直流耐壓發生器工作原理
YDQ系(xi)列高壓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)為(wei)單相變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)，聯結組標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用(yong)工頻220V(10kVA以上為(wei)380V)電(dian)源接(jie)入 (為(wei)本公(gong)司生產的(de)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)配套專用(yong)設備，詳細資(zi)料請見其具體使用(yong)說明書)系(xi)列操(cao)作箱(xiang)(臺)，經(jing)操(cao)作箱(xiang)內(nei)自(zi)偶調壓器(qi)(qi)(50kVA以上調壓器(qi)(qi)外(wai)附(fu))調節至(zhi)0～200V(或(huo)0～400V)電(dian)壓輸出至(zhi)YDQ試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)的(de)初級(ji)繞(rao)組，根(gen)據電(dian)磁感(gan)應原理，在試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)高壓繞(rao)組可獲得試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)所(suo)需(xu)的(de)高電(dian)壓。
單臺YDQ系列高壓試驗變壓器的(de)工作原(yuan)理(li)圖見圖2。
單(dan)臺(tai)YDQ系列交直(zhi)流(liu)高壓(ya)(ya)試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的工作原(yuan)理圖(tu)見圖(tu)3，圖(tu)中高壓(ya)(ya)套管中裝有高壓(ya)(ya)硅堆(dui)，串接在高壓(ya)(ya)回路中作半(ban)波(bo)整流(liu)，以獲得直(zhi)流(liu)高電壓(ya)(ya)。當用一短(duan)(duan)路桿(gan)將高壓(ya)(ya)硅堆(dui)短(duan)(duan)接時，可獲得工頻(pin)高電壓(ya)(ya)，作為交流(liu)輸出狀態(tai)；取消短(duan)(duan)路桿(gan)時，作為直(zhi)流(liu)輸出狀態(tai)。
試驗變壓器高壓套管(guan)中的高壓硅(gui)堆(dui)未畫出，其原(yuan)理與上圖相同。
三臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更(geng)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)接(jie)線原理(li)見圖4。串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有很大(da)的(de)(de)優越(yue)性(xing)，因為(wei)整個(ge)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)置由幾(ji)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成，單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容(rong)量(liang)小(xiao)、電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低、重(zhong)量(liang)輕，便于運輸(shu)和(he)(he)(he)安裝(zhuang)。它(ta)既然可(ke)串(chuan)接(jie)成高(gao)出幾(ji)倍的(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)(zu)合使用(yong)，又可(ke)分(fen)(fen)開成幾(ji)套單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)(dan)獨(du)使用(yong)。整套裝(zhuang)置投資小(xiao)，經濟實惠(hui)。圖5中(zhong)，在(zai)(zai)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)每個(ge)單(dan)(dan)元試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)都有一個(ge)勵磁繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1和(he)(he)(he)A2、C2。在(zai)(zai)三臺(tai)(tai)(tai)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本(ben)原理(li)中(zhong)，低壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)加(jia)在(zai)(zai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)a1x1上，單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)都是(shi)(shi)V。勵磁繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1給**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)供電(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)勵磁繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)A2、C2給第(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)供電(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)(he)(he)第(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)箱體分(fen)(fen)別(bie)處在(zai)(zai)對(dui)地(di)(di)(di)為(wei)1V和(he)(he)(he)2V的(de)(de)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)位上，所以箱體對(dui)地(di)(di)(di)是(shi)(shi)絕(jue)緣的(de)(de)，試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)箱體是(shi)(shi)接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)。這樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)額定(ding)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)分(fen)(fen)別(bie)為(wei)1V、2V、3V；其額定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)分(fen)(fen)別(bie)為(wei)3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高壓試驗變壓器做(zuo)被試品的工頻耐壓試驗使用接線原理圖(tu)見圖(tu)5。
圖中：R1—限流電阻(zu) FRC—阻(zu)容分壓器 RF—球間(jian)隙保護電阻(zu) G—球間(jian)隙 CX—被試品
注：高(gao)壓(ya)尾(wei)必須可靠接地
工頻(pin)耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)中限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)R1應根據試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)器的(de)額定容(rong)量來選擇。如高壓(ya)側額定輸出電(dian)流(liu)在100～300mA時(shi)，可取(qu)0.5～1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya))；高壓(ya)側額定輸出電(dian)流(liu)為(wei)1A以上時(shi)，可取(qu)1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya))。常用(yong)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)作(zuo)為(wei)限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，管(guan)子長度可按150kV/m考慮，管(guan)子粗細(xi)應具有足夠的(de)熱容(rong)量(水(shui)(shui)阻(zu)(zu)液(ye)配制(zhi)方法：用(yong)蒸餾水(shui)(shui)加入適(shi)量硫酸銅配制(zhi)成各(ge)種不(bu)同的(de)阻(zu)(zu)值)。
球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)及保(bao)護電(dian)阻(zu)：當電(dian)壓超過球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)整定值時(一(yi)般取試驗電(dian)壓的110%~120%)，球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)放電(dian)，對被試品(pin)起到保(bao)護作用。球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)保(bao)護電(dian)阻(zu)可按1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)壓)選(xuan)取。
在(zai)工頻(pin)(pin)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗中，低電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是(shi)非常準(zhun)確的，其原因是(shi)由于(yu)試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)存在(zai)著(zhu)漏抗(kang)(kang)，在(zai)這個漏抗(kang)(kang)上(shang)(shang)必(bi)然存在(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降或容升，使試(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)上(shang)(shang)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低于(yu)或高(gao)于(yu)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)(biao)上(shang)(shang)反(fan)映出來的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻(pin)(pin)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗時，被試(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)上(shang)(shang)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于(yu)試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)所(suo)謂(wei)容升現象(xiang)。感(gan)應耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗時，試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的漏抗(kang)(kang)必(bi)然存在(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為了(le)準(zhun)確測量(liang)被試(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)上(shang)(shang)所(suo)施加的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此常在(zai)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)接(jie)入FRC阻容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)來測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工頻耐壓試驗操作注意事(shi)項
1）試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)人員(yuan)應做好分工，明確相互間(jian)聯系方法。并有(you)專門人監護現場**及(ji)觀(guan)察試(shi)(shi)品狀態。
2）被(bei)試品應先清掃干凈(jing)，并**干燥，以免損壞被(bei)試品和試驗帶來的誤差。
3）對(dui)(dui)于(yu)大型(xing)試驗(yan)，一(yi)般都(dou)應先(xian)進(jin)行空升(sheng)試驗(yan)。即不接試品(pin)時升(sheng)壓至試驗(yan)電壓，校(xiao)對(dui)(dui)各種表計，調(diao)整球間隙。
4）升壓(ya)速度不(bu)能太快，并必(bi)須防止(zhi)突(tu)然(ran)加壓(ya)。例如調壓(ya)器不(bu)在(zai)零位時(shi)突(tu)然(ran)合閘。也不(bu)能突(tu)然(ran)切斷(duan)電源(yuan)，一般應在(zai)調壓(ya)器降至零位時(shi)拉閘。
5）當電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)升至試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時，開(kai)始計時，到1min后(hou)，迅速(su)降壓(ya)(ya)到1/3試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)以下(xia)時，才能拉開(kai)電(dian)源。
6）在升壓或(huo)耐壓試驗過程中(zhong)，如(ru)發(fa)現下(xia)列不正(zheng)常情況時，應立即降壓，切斷電(dian)源。停止試驗并(bing)查(cha)明原因(yin)：①電(dian)壓表指針擺動很大；②發(fa)現絕緣燒(shao)焦或(huo)冒煙(yan)；③被試品內有不正(zheng)常的(de)聲(sheng)音。
7）耐壓試驗(yan)前(qian)后應測(ce)量絕(jue)緣電阻，檢查絕(jue)緣情況。
試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)器在做被試(shi)品(pin)的直(zhi)流耐壓(ya)或泄(xie)露試(shi)驗時接線原(yuan)理圖如(ru)圖6。
注：此試(shi)驗應先抽出短路桿(gan)“D”，圖6中所(suo)示。
圖中：VD—高(gao)壓硅堆(dui) R1—限流(liu)電阻 C1—高(gao)壓濾波電容 FRC—阻容分壓器 CX—被試品 μA—帶保護微安表(biao)
泄露試驗(yan)中(zhong)限流電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R1選擇(ze)在(zai)額定輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)，輸出端短(duan)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)流不超過高壓硅堆(dui)的*大(da)整流。如電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓硅堆(dui)的*大(da)整流電(dian)(dian)(dian)流為100mA時(shi)用于60kV的試驗(yan)裝置中(zhong)，限流電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇(ze)。限流電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)還應具有足夠的容量和(he)沿面放電(dian)(dian)(dian)距離。
高(gao)壓濾波(bo)電容C1一般(ban)選擇(ze)在0.01~0.1μF，當(dang)被試品的電容量很大時，C1可省略不(bu)用。
泄露試驗的操作及注意事項
1）試(shi)驗(yan)前應先檢(jian)查被試(shi)品是否停電(dian)，接地放電(dian)，一切對外(wai)連線是否擦干(gan)凈。要嚴(yan)防將試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓加到(dao)有人工作的部位(wei)上去。
2）接好試(shi)驗裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)接線后(hou)，應(ying)復查無誤后(hou)才可(ke)加(jia)壓。應(ying)特(te)別注意(yi)檢查高(gao)壓設備及引線與(yu)地、與(yu)操作(zuo)人員的(de)(de)**距離，被試(shi)品(pin)的(de)(de)外殼是否可(ke)靠接地，要按**規程中所規定(ding)的(de)(de)內容進(jin)行(xing)試(shi)驗。
3）對于(yu)大電容量設備應緩(huan)慢升壓(ya)，防止被試(shi)品(pin)的(de)充電電流燒壞微安表。必要時應分(fen)級加壓(ya)，分(fen)別讀取各級電壓(ya)下微安表的(de)穩定讀數。
4）試(shi)(shi)驗過(guo)程(cheng)中，應密切監視被試(shi)(shi)品(pin)、試(shi)(shi)驗裝置、微安表，一旦(dan)發生擊(ji)穿、閃爍等異(yi)常現象應立即降壓(ya)，切斷電源，并查明原因，詳(xiang)細(xi)記(ji)錄。
5）試驗(yan)完(wan)畢，降壓，切斷電源后應將被試品及(ji)試驗(yan)裝置(zhi)本身充分放(fang)電。
四、WBTQSB-20KVA/50KV交直流耐壓發生器注意事項
1、按照(zhao)您所進行的(de)(de)試驗接(jie)好工作(zuo)線路(lu)。試驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)外殼以(yi)及操作(zuo)系統的(de)(de)外殼必須可靠(kao)接(jie)地。試驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞組的(de)(de)X端(高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)尾)以(yi)及測量繞組的(de)(de)F端必須可靠(kao)接(jie)地。
2、做(zuo)串級(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗時，**級(ji)、第三級(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)壓器的(de)低壓繞組(zu)(zu)的(de)X端(duan)，測量繞組(zu)(zu)的(de)F端(duan)以及高(gao)壓繞組(zu)(zu)的(de)X端(duan)(高(gao)壓尾)均(jun)接本級(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)壓器的(de)外殼。**級(ji)、第三級(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)壓器的(de)外殼必須通過絕緣支架接地(di)。
3、接通電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)前，操作(zuo)系統的調(diao)壓(ya)器(qi)必須調(diao)到零位(wei)后方可接通電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，合閘，開始升壓(ya)。
4、從零開始(shi)均(jun)勻旋(xuan)轉調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)手輪升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方法(fa)有：快速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即(ji)20s逐(zhu)級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；慢速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即(ji)60s逐(zhu)級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；極慢速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)供選用。電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)從零開始(shi)按一定的(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方式和速(su)度上升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您所(suo)需的(de)額定試(shi)驗電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)75%后，在以每秒2%額定試(shi)驗電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)速(su)度升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您所(suo)需的(de)額定電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，并密切(qie)注意(yi)測量(liang)儀表的(de)指(zhi)示(shi)以及被試(shi)品(pin)的(de)情況。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過程中或(huo)試(shi)驗過程中如發現測量(liang)儀表的(de)指(zhi)示(shi)及被試(shi)品(pin)情況異常，應立即(ji)降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，切(qie)斷電源(yuan)，查明情況。
5、試驗完畢(bi)后(hou)，應(ying)在(zai)數秒內勻速的將調壓器返回至零(ling)位，然后(hou)切斷(duan)電源。
6、本產品不得超過額定(ding)參數使用。除試(shi)驗必須外，決(jue)不允許全電(dian)壓通電(dian)或斷電(dian)。
7、再升壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)過程中，如發現(xian)以下(xia)不正常情況時，應立(li)即(ji)降壓(ya)，切斷電源，停止試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)并查(cha)明(ming)原因(yin)。
⑴電壓表(biao)指針擺動(或(huo)數字跳動)很大
⑵電流表直線上升(sheng)
被(bei)試(shi)品內有不(bu)正常(chang)的聲音
8、圖(tu)1中第(di)9項系壓(ya)(ya)力閥及(ji)壓(ya)(ya)力表(biao)，為長(chang)期關閉(bi)狀態。每6個月開(kai)閥一次(ci)，以檢(jian)查SF6壓(ya)(ya)力，應(ying)不小于(yu)(yu)0.2MPa(檢(jian)查壓(ya)(ya)力后立(li)即關閉(bi)閥門)，低于(yu)(yu)0.2MPa時應(ying)加SF6氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)，以增加氣(qi)(qi)絕緣。
9、耐壓(ya)實驗前后應(ying)測量被試設備的絕緣(yuan)電阻(zu)，檢(jian)查(cha)絕緣(yuan)情況。
10、當試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器長期不使用時，應放置(zhi)于通風、干燥(zao)、無陽光直(zhi)射的地方。
11、該產品不(bu)允許在高于(yu)45℃的溫(wen)度下長期存放、使用、放氣(qi)。
12、運輸搬運途中不(bu)得重力沖(chong)擊。
13、產品緊(jin)固件及壓(ya)力(li)閥(fa)、壓(ya)力(li)表不(bu)得擅自(zi)松動。
14、使用本產品(pin)做高壓試(shi)(shi)驗時，出熟悉本說明書外，還(huan)必須嚴格執行國家有(you)關(guan)標準和(he)操作(zuo)規程。可(ke)參照GB311-83《高壓輸變設備(bei)的絕(jue)緣配合，高壓試(shi)(shi)驗技術》；《電氣設備(bei)預防性(xing)試(shi)(shi)驗規程》等。
五、WBTQSB-20KVA/50KV交直流耐壓發生器容量選擇
標(biao)稱試驗變壓(ya)器容量Pn的確(que)定公(gong)式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中：
Pn——標稱試驗變(bian)壓器(qi)容量(kVA)
Vn——試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的額定輸出高壓(ya)(ya)的有效值(zhi)(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標稱電壓Vn≥1MV時，k=2；標稱電壓較低時，k值可取高一些。
Ct——被試(shi)品的電容量(liang)(pF)
ω——角頻率，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源的頻率
被試設備(bei)的電容量Ct可由交流電橋(qiao)測(ce)出。Ct的變化很(hen)大，
可由設備的類型而定。
典(dian)型(xing)數據如下：
簡單的棒(bang)式或懸(xuan)式絕緣子(zi) 幾十微法(fa)
簡(jian)單(dan)的分(fen)級套管 100～1000pF
電壓互(hu)感器(qi) ; 200 ～ 500pF
電力變壓器(qi) < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA ;1000～10000pF
高壓(ya)電力電纜和油浸紙絕緣 250～300pF/m
氣體(ti)絕緣 ～60pF/m
封閉變電站(zhan)，SF6氣(qi)體(ti)絕(jue)緣 100～10000Pf;
對于(yu)不(bu)同的試(shi)驗電壓Vn，選(xuan)擇不(bu)同的(適(shi)當(dang)的)**系數k。
以(yi)下列出(chu)不同(tong)的(de)Vn所選用的(de)k值供(gong)參考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV ; k = 3
Vn > 300kV ; k = 2