一、WBTQSB-20KVA/50KV直流高壓發生器概述
YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器是(shi)根據(ju)《試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器》標(biao)準，在(zai)油浸(jin)式(shi)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上而設計生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)具(ju)有(you)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)絕緣(yuan)性能及優(you)異(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滅弧(hu)性能，其耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)強(qiang)度為同一壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下(xia)(xia)氮(dan)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍，擊穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍。在(zai)0.25MPa下(xia)(xia)與(yu)油的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擊穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)相(xiang)等，在(zai)0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下(xia)(xia)是(shi)油的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擊穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍，是(shi)一種(zhong)優(you)于油的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新一代(dai)(dai)超高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)絕緣(yuan)介質材料(liao)。該產(chan)(chan)品技術(shu)要求(qiu)完全符(fu)合《ZBK-41006-89》標(biao)準，它是(shi)油浸(jin)式(shi)輕(qing)型試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)換代(dai)(dai)產(chan)(chan)品。該產(chan)(chan)品具(ju)有(you)體(ti)積小、重量輕(qing)、不受氣(qi)(qi)候變(bian)化影響、電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)小、現場搬運(yun)無需靜止可使(shi)用(yong)，使(shi)用(yong)壽命長、免(mian)維修(xiu)等特點。適用(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統、工礦企業(ye)、科研部門等對各種(zhong)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設備、電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)元件、絕緣(yuan)材料(liao)進行工頻或直流高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)強(qiang)度試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)。
二、WBTQSB-20KVA/50KV直流高壓發生器產品結構
YDQ系(xi)列高(gao)壓試驗變壓器(qi)采用單框芯式鐵芯結(jie)構，初級繞組繞在鐵芯上(shang)，高(gao)壓繞組在外，這種同軸布(bu)置減少了漏磁通(tong)，因而(er)增大了繞組間(jian)的耦(ou)合。產品的外殼(ke)為圓柱(zhu)灌式容器(qi)結(jie)構，能耐受0.8MPa以上(shang)壓力。其結(jie)構見(jian)圖1：
三、WBTQSB-20KVA/50KV直流高壓發生器工作原理
YDQ系(xi)列(lie)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)為單相變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)，聯結組標(biao)號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用(yong)工頻(pin)220V(10kVA以上為380V)電(dian)源接入(ru) (為本(ben)公(gong)司生產的試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)配套專用(yong)設(she)備，詳細資料請見其具體使用(yong)說明書)系(xi)列(lie)操作箱(臺(tai))，經操作箱內自(zi)偶調(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(50kVA以上調(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)外附)調(diao)(diao)節至0～200V(或0～400V)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)輸(shu)出(chu)至YDQ試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的初級繞組，根據電(dian)磁感應原理，在試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)繞組可獲得試(shi)(shi)驗所需的高(gao)(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。
單(dan)臺(tai)YDQ系列高壓試驗變(bian)壓器的工作原理圖見圖2。
單臺YDQ系(xi)列(lie)交(jiao)直(zhi)流高壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的工作(zuo)原理圖見(jian)圖3，圖中高壓(ya)(ya)套管(guan)中裝有高壓(ya)(ya)硅堆，串接(jie)在高壓(ya)(ya)回路(lu)(lu)中作(zuo)半波整流，以獲(huo)得直(zhi)流高電壓(ya)(ya)。當(dang)用一短路(lu)(lu)桿(gan)將高壓(ya)(ya)硅堆短接(jie)時(shi)，可獲(huo)得工頻高電壓(ya)(ya)，作(zuo)為交(jiao)流輸出(chu)狀態(tai)；取消短路(lu)(lu)桿(gan)時(shi)，作(zuo)為直(zhi)流輸出(chu)狀態(tai)。
試驗變壓器高(gao)壓套管中的高(gao)壓硅堆(dui)未(wei)畫出，其(qi)原理(li)與上圖相(xiang)同。
三(san)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更高電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)線原理見(jian)圖(tu)4。串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)優越(yue)性，因為(wei)(wei)整個試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)置由幾(ji)臺(tai)(tai)單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)成，單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容量(liang)小(xiao)、電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重量(liang)輕，便于運輸(shu)和安(an)裝(zhuang)。它(ta)既(ji)然(ran)可串(chuan)接(jie)(jie)成高出(chu)幾(ji)倍的(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)合使(shi)用，又可分開成幾(ji)套(tao)單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)(dan)獨使(shi)用。整套(tao)裝(zhuang)置投資小(xiao)，經濟實惠。圖(tu)5中(zhong)，在**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)每(mei)個單(dan)(dan)元試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)都(dou)有(you)(you)一個勵磁(ci)(ci)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)A1、C1和A2、C2。在三(san)臺(tai)(tai)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基(ji)本原理中(zhong)，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)源加(jia)在試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)a1x1上(shang)(shang)，單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)V。勵磁(ci)(ci)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)A1、C1給(gei)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)勵磁(ci)(ci)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)A2、C2給(gei)第(di)三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和第(di)三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)體(ti)分別處在對(dui)地(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)1V和2V的(de)(de)(de)(de)高電(dian)(dian)位上(shang)(shang)，所以箱(xiang)體(ti)對(dui)地(di)(di)是(shi)(shi)絕緣的(de)(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)體(ti)是(shi)(shi)接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這樣(yang)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分別為(wei)(wei)1V、2V、3V；其額(e)定(ding)容量(liang)分別為(wei)(wei)3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高(gao)壓試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓器做被試(shi)品(pin)的工頻耐壓試(shi)驗(yan)使用(yong)接線(xian)原(yuan)理圖見圖5。
圖中(zhong)：R1—限流電(dian)阻(zu)(zu) FRC—阻(zu)(zu)容分壓器 RF—球間(jian)隙保護電(dian)阻(zu)(zu) G—球間(jian)隙 CX—被試(shi)品
注：高壓尾必(bi)須(xu)可靠接地
工頻耐壓(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)中(zhong)限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R1應根據(ju)試驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)額(e)定(ding)容量來選擇(ze)。如高(gao)壓(ya)側額(e)定(ding)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)流(liu)在100～300mA時(shi)，可取0.5～1Ω/V(試驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya))；高(gao)壓(ya)側額(e)定(ding)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)流(liu)為1A以上時(shi)，可取1Ω/V(試驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya))。常用水(shui)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)作為限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，管(guan)子長度可按(an)150kV/m考慮，管(guan)子粗(cu)細應具有足夠的(de)熱容量(水(shui)阻(zu)液配(pei)制方法：用蒸餾(liu)水(shui)加入適量硫酸銅配(pei)制成各(ge)種不(bu)同的(de)阻(zu)值(zhi))。
球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隙(xi)及保(bao)護(hu)(hu)電(dian)阻：當電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)超(chao)過球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隙(xi)整(zheng)定值時(一般取試驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的110%~120%)，球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隙(xi)放(fang)電(dian)，對被試品(pin)起到(dao)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)作用。球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隙(xi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)電(dian)阻可按1Ω/V(試驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya))選(xuan)取。
在工(gong)頻(pin)(pin)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中，低電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是非常準(zhun)(zhun)確的(de)(de)，其原因(yin)是由于試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器存在著漏抗(kang)，在這個漏抗(kang)上(shang)必(bi)(bi)然存在著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)或容升，使試(shi)品上(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低于或高于低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表上(shang)反映出(chu)來(lai)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工(gong)頻(pin)(pin)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時(shi)，被試(shi)品上(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是所(suo)謂容升現象。感應耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時(shi)，試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)漏抗(kang)必(bi)(bi)然存在著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)。為(wei)了準(zhun)(zhun)確測(ce)量(liang)(liang)被試(shi)品上(shang)所(suo)施(shi)加(jia)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因(yin)此常在高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)接(jie)入FRC阻容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器來(lai)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工頻耐壓試驗操(cao)作注(zhu)意事項
1）試(shi)驗(yan)人員(yuan)應(ying)做好(hao)分工(gong)，明確相互間聯系(xi)方法。并有(you)專門人監(jian)護現場**及觀(guan)察試(shi)品狀態。
2）被試(shi)品應先(xian)清掃干凈，并(bing)**干燥，以免損壞被試(shi)品和試(shi)驗(yan)帶來的誤差(cha)。
3）對(dui)于大(da)型試驗，一般都(dou)應先進(jin)行(xing)空(kong)升試驗。即不接試品時升壓至試驗電壓，校對(dui)各種(zhong)表計，調整球間隙。
4）升壓速(su)度不能太(tai)快，并必須(xu)防止(zhi)突然(ran)加壓。例(li)如調(diao)(diao)壓器不在(zai)零位時突然(ran)合閘。也不能突然(ran)切斷電(dian)源，一般應(ying)在(zai)調(diao)(diao)壓器降至零位時拉閘。
5）當電(dian)壓(ya)升至試驗電(dian)壓(ya)時，開(kai)始(shi)計(ji)時，到1min后，迅(xun)速降壓(ya)到1/3試驗電(dian)壓(ya)以下時，才能(neng)拉開(kai)電(dian)源。
6）在升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)或(huo)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)試驗過程中，如發現下列不正常情況(kuang)時，應立即降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)，切斷電源。停止(zhi)試驗并查明原因：①電壓(ya)(ya)表(biao)指(zhi)針擺(bai)動很大(da)；②發現絕緣燒(shao)焦(jiao)或(huo)冒煙；③被試品內(nei)有不正常的聲音。
7）耐壓試驗前后(hou)應測量絕緣電(dian)阻，檢(jian)查絕緣情況。
試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器在做被試(shi)品的直流耐(nai)壓或泄(xie)露試(shi)驗(yan)時接線原理圖如(ru)圖6。
注(zhu)：此試驗(yan)應先抽出(chu)短路桿“D”，圖6中所示。
圖中：VD—高壓硅(gui)堆 R1—限流電(dian)阻 C1—高壓濾波電(dian)容 FRC—阻容分壓器 ; CX—被試品 μA—帶保護微安表(biao)
泄(xie)露試(shi)驗中限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)R1選(xuan)擇在額(e)定輸出電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時，輸出端短路電(dian)流(liu)不(bu)超過高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)硅堆的(de)*大(da)整流(liu)。如電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)硅堆的(de)*大(da)整流(liu)電(dian)流(liu)為100mA時用于60kV的(de)試(shi)驗裝置中，限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選(xuan)擇。限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)還應(ying)具有足夠(gou)的(de)容量和沿(yan)面(mian)放電(dian)距離。
高壓濾波電(dian)容(rong)C1一般選擇在0.01~0.1μF，當(dang)被試(shi)品(pin)的(de)電(dian)容(rong)量很大時(shi)，C1可省略不用(yong)。
泄(xie)露(lu)試驗的操作及(ji)注意(yi)事項
1）試驗(yan)前應先檢查被試品是否停電(dian)，接地(di)放電(dian)，一切對(dui)外連(lian)線(xian)是否擦干凈。要嚴防將(jiang)試驗(yan)電(dian)壓加到有人工作的部(bu)位上(shang)去。
2）接好(hao)試(shi)驗裝置的(de)(de)(de)接線后(hou)，應復(fu)查(cha)無誤后(hou)才可(ke)加壓(ya)。應特別注意檢(jian)查(cha)高壓(ya)設(she)備及引線與(yu)地、與(yu)操作人員的(de)(de)(de)**距離，被試(shi)品的(de)(de)(de)外殼是否可(ke)靠接地，要按**規(gui)程中所規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)內容進行試(shi)驗。
3）對于大電(dian)容量設備(bei)應(ying)(ying)緩慢升壓(ya)，防止(zhi)被試品的(de)充電(dian)電(dian)流燒壞(huai)微安表(biao)。必要時應(ying)(ying)分級(ji)加壓(ya)，分別(bie)讀取各級(ji)電(dian)壓(ya)下微安表(biao)的(de)穩定(ding)讀數。
4）試(shi)驗(yan)過(guo)程(cheng)中，應密切監(jian)視(shi)被試(shi)品(pin)、試(shi)驗(yan)裝置、微(wei)安(an)表，一旦發生擊穿、閃(shan)爍等異常現象(xiang)應立即降(jiang)壓(ya)，切斷電源(yuan)，并查明原因，詳細記(ji)錄(lu)。
5）試驗完畢，降壓，切斷電(dian)源(yuan)后應(ying)將被試品及試驗裝置本身充分放電(dian)。
四、WBTQSB-20KVA/50KV直流高壓發生器注意事項
1、按照您所進行的(de)試驗(yan)接好工作線路(lu)。試驗(yan)變壓器的(de)外殼以(yi)及(ji)操(cao)作系統的(de)外殼必(bi)須可(ke)靠接地(di)。試驗(yan)變壓器高(gao)壓繞組的(de)X端(高(gao)壓尾(wei))以(yi)及(ji)測(ce)量繞組的(de)F端必(bi)須可(ke)靠接地(di)。
2、做串級(ji)試驗時，**級(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)試驗變(bian)壓器(qi)的(de)低(di)壓繞組(zu)的(de)X端，測量繞組(zu)的(de)F端以(yi)及高壓繞組(zu)的(de)X端(高壓尾)均接本(ben)級(ji)試驗變(bian)壓器(qi)的(de)外殼(ke)。**級(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)試驗變(bian)壓器(qi)的(de)外殼(ke)必須通(tong)過絕緣支架接地。
3、接(jie)通(tong)(tong)電源(yuan)前，操作(zuo)系統的調壓(ya)器(qi)必須調到零位后(hou)方可接(jie)通(tong)(tong)電源(yuan)，合閘，開(kai)始升壓(ya)。
4、從(cong)零開始(shi)均勻旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器手輪升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方法(fa)(fa)有(you)：快速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)，即20s逐級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)；慢(man)速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)，即60s逐級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)；極(ji)慢(man)速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)供(gong)選用。電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)從(cong)零開始(shi)按一定的(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方式和速(su)度上升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您(nin)(nin)所(suo)(suo)需的(de)額定試驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)75%后，在以每秒2%額定試驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)速(su)度升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您(nin)(nin)所(suo)(suo)需的(de)額定電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，并密(mi)切(qie)注(zhu)意測量儀表(biao)(biao)的(de)指示(shi)以及被(bei)試品的(de)情況。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過程中或試驗過程中如發現測量儀表(biao)(biao)的(de)指示(shi)及被(bei)試品情況異常，應立即降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，切(qie)斷電(dian)源(yuan)，查明情況。
5、試驗完(wan)畢(bi)后，應在(zai)數秒內勻(yun)速的(de)將調壓器(qi)返回至零位(wei)，然后切斷電源(yuan)。
6、本產品不(bu)得超過(guo)額定參數使用。除試驗必須外(wai)，決不(bu)允許全(quan)電(dian)(dian)壓通電(dian)(dian)或斷電(dian)(dian)。
7、再升壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試驗過(guo)程中，如發現(xian)以下不正(zheng)常(chang)情況時，應(ying)立即降壓(ya)，切斷電源(yuan)，停止試驗并(bing)查(cha)明(ming)原因。
⑴電壓表指針(zhen)擺動(dong)(或(huo)數(shu)字跳動(dong))很(hen)大
⑵電流(liu)表直線(xian)上升
被試(shi)品內有不正常(chang)的聲音
8、圖(tu)1中(zhong)第9項系(xi)壓力(li)(li)(li)閥(fa)及壓力(li)(li)(li)表，為長期關閉狀(zhuang)態(tai)。每6個月(yue)開閥(fa)一次，以檢(jian)查(cha)SF6壓力(li)(li)(li)，應(ying)不小于0.2MPa(檢(jian)查(cha)壓力(li)(li)(li)后立即關閉閥(fa)門(men))，低于0.2MPa時應(ying)加SF6氣(qi)體，以增加氣(qi)絕緣。
9、耐壓(ya)實(shi)驗前后應(ying)測量被試設備的絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電阻(zu)，檢(jian)查(cha)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)情(qing)況。
10、當試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器長期不使用時，應放置于通風、干(gan)燥、無陽光直射的地方(fang)。
11、該(gai)產品不允許在(zai)高于45℃的溫度(du)下長期存放(fang)(fang)、使用(yong)、放(fang)(fang)氣。
12、運(yun)輸(shu)搬運(yun)途中不得重力(li)沖擊。
13、產品緊固(gu)件及壓(ya)力(li)閥、壓(ya)力(li)表(biao)不得(de)擅自松(song)動。
14、使用本產品(pin)做(zuo)高壓試(shi)驗時，出熟(shu)悉(xi)本說(shuo)明書外(wai)，還必須嚴(yan)格執行(xing)國家有關(guan)標準和操作(zuo)規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)。可參(can)照(zhao)GB311-83《高壓輸(shu)變設備的(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)配(pei)合(he)，高壓試(shi)驗技術》；《電(dian)氣設備預防性試(shi)驗規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)》等。
五、WBTQSB-20KVA/50KV直流高壓發生器容量選擇
標稱試驗變壓器容量Pn的確(que)定(ding)公(gong)式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中：
Pn——標稱試驗變壓器容量(liang)(kVA)
Vn——試驗變壓器(qi)的額定輸出高壓的有效值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標稱(cheng)電壓Vn≥1MV時(shi)，k=2；標稱(cheng)電壓較低時(shi)，k值(zhi)可(ke)取高一些(xie)。
Ct——被(bei)試品的電容量(pF)
ω——角頻率(lv)，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源的(de)頻率(lv)
被試(shi)設備的電容量Ct可由交(jiao)流電橋測(ce)出(chu)。Ct的變(bian)化很(hen)大(da)，
可由(you)設備的類型而(er)定(ding)。
典(dian)型數據如下：
簡單的(de)棒式(shi)或懸式(shi)絕緣子 ;幾十微法
簡單的分級套(tao)管(guan) 100～1000pF
電壓互(hu)感(gan)器 200 ～ 500pF
電力變壓器(qi) < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高壓電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan)和油浸紙絕緣(yuan) 250～300pF/m
氣體絕緣 ～60pF/m
封閉(bi)變電站(zhan)，SF6氣(qi)體絕緣(yuan) 100～10000Pf;
對于不同的(de)試驗電壓Vn，選(xuan)擇不同的(de)(適(shi)當的(de))**系數k。
以下列出不同(tong)的(de)Vn所選(xuan)用的(de)k值供參(can)考。
Vn =50~100kV ; k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2