一、WBTQSB-5KVA/50KV工頻交流試驗變壓器概述
YDQ系列(lie)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)是(shi)根據《試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)》標準，在(zai)油浸式試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)而設計(ji)生(sheng)產的(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)體具有(you)良好的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)絕緣(yuan)性(xing)能及優(you)異的(de)(de)滅(mie)弧性(xing)能，其耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強度(du)為同一壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力下氮氣(qi)的(de)(de)2.5倍，擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)空氣(qi)的(de)(de)2.5倍。在(zai)0.25MPa下與油的(de)(de)擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相(xiang)等(deng)(deng)，在(zai)0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力下是(shi)油的(de)(de)擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)2倍，是(shi)一種(zhong)優(you)于(yu)油的(de)(de)新一代超高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)絕緣(yuan)介質材料(liao)。該產品(pin)技術要求完全符合(he)《ZBK-41006-89》標準，它是(shi)油浸式輕型試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)換代產品(pin)。該產品(pin)具有(you)體積小、重量輕、不受氣(qi)候變化影響、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈小、現場搬(ban)運無需靜(jing)止可使(shi)(shi)用，使(shi)(shi)用壽(shou)命長、免維修等(deng)(deng)特點。適用于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統、工礦企(qi)業(ye)、科研部門等(deng)(deng)對各種(zhong)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)元件(jian)、絕緣(yuan)材料(liao)進行工頻或直流高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下的(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)強度(du)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。
二、WBTQSB-5KVA/50KV工頻交流試驗變壓器產品結構
YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器(qi)采用(yong)單框芯(xin)式(shi)鐵(tie)芯(xin)結構，初級繞組繞在鐵(tie)芯(xin)上(shang)(shang)，高壓(ya)繞組在外，這種同軸布置減少了漏磁通，因而增大(da)了繞組間(jian)的耦合。產品的外殼為圓柱灌(guan)式(shi)容(rong)器(qi)結構，能耐受(shou)0.8MPa以(yi)上(shang)(shang)壓(ya)力。其結構見圖1：
三、WBTQSB-5KVA/50KV工頻交流試驗變壓器工作原理
YDQ系(xi)列高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)為(wei)單(dan)相(xiang)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)，聯結組(zu)(zu)標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用(yong)(yong)工(gong)頻220V(10kVA以上為(wei)380V)電(dian)(dian)源接入 (為(wei)本公司生產的試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)配(pei)套(tao)專用(yong)(yong)設備(bei)，詳細(xi)資料請見其具體使用(yong)(yong)說明書)系(xi)列操作箱(臺)，經操作箱內自(zi)偶調(diao)壓(ya)器(qi)(50kVA以上調(diao)壓(ya)器(qi)外(wai)附)調(diao)節至(zhi)(zhi)0～200V(或0～400V)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)輸出至(zhi)(zhi)YDQ試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的初(chu)級(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)，根據(ju)電(dian)(dian)磁感(gan)應原理，在(zai)試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)繞組(zu)(zu)可獲得試驗所(suo)需的高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列高壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)工作原理圖見圖2。
單臺YDQ系列交直流高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器的工(gong)作原(yuan)理圖(tu)(tu)見圖(tu)(tu)3，圖(tu)(tu)中高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)套管中裝(zhuang)有高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)硅堆，串接在高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)回路(lu)中作半波整流，以(yi)獲得(de)直流高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。當用一短路(lu)桿將高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)硅堆短接時，可獲得(de)工(gong)頻高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，作為交流輸出狀態；取消短路(lu)桿時，作為直流輸出狀態。
試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器高壓(ya)(ya)套管中的高壓(ya)(ya)硅堆(dui)未畫出，其原理與上圖相同。
三(san)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串級(ji)(ji)獲得更高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)線(xian)原理見圖4。串級(ji)(ji)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有很大的(de)(de)(de)優越(yue)性，因(yin)為整個試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)裝置(zhi)由幾(ji)(ji)臺(tai)單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)，單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容量小、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)、重量輕，便于運(yun)輸和(he)安裝。它既然可串接(jie)成(cheng)高(gao)(gao)出(chu)幾(ji)(ji)倍的(de)(de)(de)單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)合使(shi)用(yong)，又可分(fen)開成(cheng)幾(ji)(ji)套單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單獨使(shi)用(yong)。整套裝置(zhi)投資(zi)小，經濟實(shi)惠。圖5中，在(zai)**級(ji)(ji)和(he)**級(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)每(mei)個單元試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中都有一個勵磁(ci)(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1和(he)A2、C2。在(zai)三(san)臺(tai)串級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本(ben)原理中，低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)加在(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)a1x1上(shang)，單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都是(shi)V。勵磁(ci)(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1給(gei)**級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)勵磁(ci)(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)A2、C2給(gei)第三(san)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)第三(san)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)箱體分(fen)別(bie)處在(zai)對地(di)(di)為1V和(he)2V的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位上(shang)，所以箱體對地(di)(di)是(shi)絕緣的(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)箱體是(shi)接(jie)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)樣**級(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)、第三(san)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)額定輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)別(bie)為1V、2V、3V；其額定容量分(fen)別(bie)為3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系(xi)列(lie)高(gao)壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器做被試品的(de)工頻(pin)耐壓(ya)試驗使用接線原理圖見(jian)圖5。
圖中：R1—限流電(dian)阻 FRC—阻容分壓器 RF—球間隙(xi)保護電(dian)阻 G—球間隙(xi) CX—被試(shi)品(pin)
注：高壓尾(wei)必須可靠接地
工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)中(zhong)限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)R1應根據試驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器的額定(ding)容(rong)量來選擇。如高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)側額定(ding)輸(shu)出電(dian)流(liu)在100～300mA時，可(ke)取0.5～1Ω/V(試驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya))；高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)側額定(ding)輸(shu)出電(dian)流(liu)為(wei)1A以上時，可(ke)取1Ω/V(試驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya))。常用(yong)水電(dian)阻(zu)作為(wei)限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)，管子(zi)(zi)長(chang)度可(ke)按150kV/m考慮，管子(zi)(zi)粗(cu)細應具有(you)足夠(gou)的熱(re)容(rong)量(水阻(zu)液配制方(fang)法：用(yong)蒸餾(liu)水加入適量硫酸銅(tong)配制成(cheng)各(ge)種不(bu)同的阻(zu)值(zhi))。
球間(jian)隙及保護電(dian)阻(zu)：當電(dian)壓超(chao)過球間(jian)隙整定值時(一般取試驗(yan)電(dian)壓的110%~120%)，球間(jian)隙放(fang)電(dian)，對被試品起到保護作用。球間(jian)隙保護電(dian)阻(zu)可(ke)按(an)1Ω/V(試驗(yan)電(dian)壓)選(xuan)取。
在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)工頻(pin)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中(zhong)，低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表(biao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是(shi)非常準(zhun)確的(de)(de)，其原因(yin)是(shi)由于試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)著漏抗(kang)(kang)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)這個(ge)漏抗(kang)(kang)上(shang)必然存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降或(huo)容升，使(shi)試(shi)品上(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)于或(huo)高(gao)于低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)上(shang)反映出來的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻(pin)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時(shi)，被試(shi)品上(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就(jiu)是(shi)所謂容升現象(xiang)。感應耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時(shi)，試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)漏抗(kang)(kang)必然存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為了準(zhun)確測量(liang)被試(shi)品上(shang)所施加的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因(yin)此常在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側接入FRC阻(zu)容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)來測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工(gong)頻耐(nai)壓試驗(yan)操(cao)作注意事項(xiang)
1）試驗人員(yuan)應(ying)做好分(fen)工，明(ming)確相互間聯系方法。并有專門人監護現場**及觀察(cha)試品(pin)狀態。
2）被試品應先清掃干凈(jing)，并**干燥，以免損壞被試品和試驗帶來(lai)的誤差。
3）對于大型試驗，一(yi)般都應先進行空升(sheng)試驗。即(ji)不接(jie)試品時升(sheng)壓至試驗電壓，校(xiao)對各種表計，調整球間隙。
4）升壓(ya)(ya)速(su)度不(bu)能(neng)太(tai)快(kuai)，并(bing)必須防(fang)止突然(ran)(ran)加(jia)壓(ya)(ya)。例如調壓(ya)(ya)器不(bu)在零位時突然(ran)(ran)合閘。也不(bu)能(neng)突然(ran)(ran)切斷(duan)電源，一般(ban)應(ying)在調壓(ya)(ya)器降至(zhi)零位時拉閘。
5）當電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)升至試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時，開(kai)始計(ji)時，到1min后，迅速降壓(ya)到1/3試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)以下時，才能拉開(kai)電(dian)(dian)源。
6）在升(sheng)壓(ya)或(huo)(huo)耐壓(ya)試驗過程中，如發現下列不(bu)正常(chang)情況時(shi)，應立即降(jiang)壓(ya)，切斷電源。停止(zhi)試驗并(bing)查明原因(yin)：①電壓(ya)表指(zhi)針擺動很大；②發現絕緣燒焦或(huo)(huo)冒煙；③被試品內(nei)有不(bu)正常(chang)的聲音。
7）耐壓試(shi)驗前后應(ying)測(ce)量絕緣電(dian)阻(zu)，檢(jian)查(cha)絕緣情況(kuang)。
試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器在做被試品的(de)直流耐壓(ya)或泄露試驗(yan)時接線(xian)原理圖如圖6。
注：此試驗(yan)應先(xian)抽出短路桿“D”，圖6中所(suo)示(shi)。
圖(tu)中：VD—高(gao)壓硅堆 R1—限流電(dian)阻 C1—高(gao)壓濾波電(dian)容(rong)(rong) FRC—阻容(rong)(rong)分(fen)壓器 CX—被(bei)試品 μA—帶(dai)保(bao)護(hu)微安表
泄(xie)露試驗(yan)中限流電(dian)阻R1選擇在額定輸出電(dian)壓時(shi)，輸出端短(duan)路電(dian)流不超過高壓硅堆(dui)(dui)的(de)*大(da)整流。如電(dian)壓硅堆(dui)(dui)的(de)*大(da)整流電(dian)流為100mA時(shi)用于60kV的(de)試驗(yan)裝置中，限流電(dian)阻按(an)R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇。限流電(dian)阻還應(ying)具有足夠的(de)容(rong)量(liang)和沿(yan)面放電(dian)距(ju)離(li)。
高壓濾(lv)波電容C1一般選擇在0.01~0.1μF，當被(bei)試(shi)品的(de)電容量很大時，C1可省略不用(yong)。
泄(xie)露試驗(yan)的操作及(ji)注(zhu)意事(shi)項
1）試(shi)驗(yan)前應先檢查(cha)被試(shi)品是否停電，接地放電，一(yi)切對外連(lian)線是否擦干凈。要嚴防將試(shi)驗(yan)電壓加(jia)到有人工(gong)作的部位上去。
2）接好試(shi)驗裝置的(de)接線(xian)(xian)后，應(ying)復(fu)查(cha)(cha)無誤后才可加壓(ya)。應(ying)特別(bie)注意檢查(cha)(cha)高壓(ya)設備及引線(xian)(xian)與(yu)地、與(yu)操作(zuo)人員(yuan)的(de)**距(ju)離，被試(shi)品的(de)外殼是否可靠接地，要按(an)**規程中所規定的(de)內容進行試(shi)驗。
3）對于大電容(rong)量設備應(ying)緩慢升壓，防止被試(shi)品的(de)(de)充電電流燒壞微(wei)安(an)表。必要(yao)時應(ying)分級加壓，分別讀取各級電壓下微(wei)安(an)表的(de)(de)穩定讀數(shu)。
4）試驗(yan)(yan)過程中(zhong)，應密切監視被試品、試驗(yan)(yan)裝置、微安表，一旦發生擊穿、閃爍等異(yi)常(chang)現象應立(li)即(ji)降壓，切斷電源，并(bing)查(cha)明原(yuan)因，詳細記錄。
5）試(shi)驗(yan)完畢(bi)，降壓(ya)，切斷電(dian)源后應將(jiang)被(bei)試(shi)品及試(shi)驗(yan)裝置本身充(chong)分放電(dian)。
四、WBTQSB-5KVA/50KV工頻交流試驗變壓器注意事項
1、按(an)照(zhao)您所進行的試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)接好工作線路(lu)。試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓器(qi)(qi)的外殼(ke)以及操作系(xi)統的外殼(ke)必須可(ke)(ke)靠接地。試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓器(qi)(qi)高壓繞組的X端(duan)(高壓尾)以及測(ce)量繞組的F端(duan)必須可(ke)(ke)靠接地。
2、做(zuo)串級(ji)試驗(yan)時(shi)，**級(ji)、第三級(ji)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞組的(de)(de)X端，測(ce)量(liang)繞組的(de)(de)F端以及高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞組的(de)(de)X端(高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)尾)均接本級(ji)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)外(wai)殼。**級(ji)、第三級(ji)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)外(wai)殼必須通過絕緣支架接地。
3、接通(tong)電源(yuan)前，操作系(xi)統(tong)的調壓器必須調到零(ling)位后方可接通(tong)電源(yuan)，合閘(zha)，開(kai)始升壓。
4、從零(ling)開(kai)始均勻旋轉調壓(ya)器手輪升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)：快(kuai)速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，即20s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)；慢(man)速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，即60s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)；極慢(man)速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)供(gong)選用。電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)從零(ling)開(kai)始按(an)一定(ding)(ding)的(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)方式和速(su)(su)度(du)上升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您所需(xu)的(de)額定(ding)(ding)試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)75%后，在以(yi)每秒2%額定(ding)(ding)試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)速(su)(su)度(du)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您所需(xu)的(de)額定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，并密切(qie)注意測(ce)量儀表的(de)指示以(yi)及被試(shi)品的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)過程中或試(shi)驗過程中如發現測(ce)量儀表的(de)指示及被試(shi)品情(qing)況(kuang)異常，應立(li)即降壓(ya)，切(qie)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，查明情(qing)況(kuang)。
5、試驗完(wan)畢后，應在數秒(miao)內(nei)勻速的將(jiang)調壓(ya)器返回(hui)至零(ling)位(wei)，然后切斷(duan)電源(yuan)。
6、本產品不得超(chao)過額(e)定(ding)參數(shu)使用(yong)。除試驗必須(xu)外，決不允(yun)許全電壓通電或斷電。
7、再升壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試驗(yan)過程中(zhong)，如發(fa)現以下不(bu)正常情況時，應立即降壓(ya)，切斷電源，停止試驗(yan)并查明原因。
⑴電(dian)壓表指(zhi)針(zhen)擺(bai)動(或數字跳動)很大
⑵電流表直線上升
被試品內有不正常的(de)聲音
8、圖(tu)1中(zhong)第9項系壓力閥(fa)及壓力表，為長期關閉狀態。每6個月(yue)開閥(fa)一次，以(yi)檢查SF6壓力，應(ying)不小于0.2MPa(檢查壓力后立即關閉閥(fa)門)，低于0.2MPa時(shi)應(ying)加(jia)SF6氣(qi)體，以(yi)增加(jia)氣(qi)絕(jue)緣。
9、耐(nai)壓實驗前后應測(ce)量(liang)被試設備(bei)的(de)絕緣電(dian)阻，檢(jian)查絕緣情況(kuang)。
10、當試驗變(bian)壓器長期(qi)不使(shi)用時，應放置于通風、干燥(zao)、無陽光直射的(de)地方。
11、該產品不(bu)允許(xu)在高于45℃的溫度下長(chang)期存放(fang)、使用、放(fang)氣。
12、運輸(shu)搬運途中不得重力沖擊。
13、產品緊固件及壓力(li)閥、壓力(li)表不得擅自松動(dong)。
14、使用本產品做高壓(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)時，出熟悉本說明書外，還(huan)必須嚴格執行國(guo)家有關標準和操作規(gui)程。可參照GB311-83《高壓(ya)輸(shu)變設備(bei)的絕緣(yuan)配(pei)合，高壓(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)技術(shu)》；《電氣(qi)設備(bei)預防性試驗(yan)(yan)規(gui)程》等。
五、WBTQSB-5KVA/50KV工頻交流試驗變壓器容量選擇
標稱試(shi)驗變(bian)壓器容量Pn的確定公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中：
Pn——標稱試驗變壓器容量(kVA)
Vn——試驗(yan)變壓器的額(e)定輸出高(gao)壓的有效值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標稱電壓Vn≥1MV時，k=2；標稱電壓較低時，k值可取(qu)高一些(xie)。
Ct——被試品的(de)電容量(pF)
ω——角頻率，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源(yuan)的頻率
被試(shi)設備的(de)電(dian)容量Ct可由交流電(dian)橋測(ce)出。Ct的(de)變化很大(da)，
可由設備的類型(xing)而定(ding)。
典型(xing)數(shu)據如下：
簡單的棒式或懸式絕緣子(zi) 幾十微法(fa)
簡單的分(fen)級套管 100～1000pF
電(dian)壓互感器 200 ～ 500pF
電力變壓(ya)器 < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高(gao)壓(ya)電力(li)電纜和油浸(jin)紙絕緣 250～300pF/m
氣體絕緣 ～60pF/m
封閉變電(dian)站(zhan)，SF6氣體絕(jue)緣 100～10000Pf;
對于不(bu)(bu)同的試驗(yan)電壓Vn，選擇不(bu)(bu)同的(適(shi)當的)**系數k。
以下列(lie)出不同(tong)的(de)Vn所選用的(de)k值供參考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2