一、WBTQSB-5KVA/50KV試驗變壓器概(gai)述
YDQ系(xi)列(lie)高(gao)壓試驗變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)是根據(ju)《試驗變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)》標準，在油(you)(you)(you)浸式試驗變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上而設(she)計(ji)生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)(qi)體具有良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)性(xing)能及(ji)優(you)異的(de)(de)(de)(de)滅(mie)弧性(xing)能，其耐壓強度為(wei)同一(yi)壓力下(xia)氮氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍(bei)，擊穿(chuan)(chuan)電(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍(bei)。在0.25MPa下(xia)與(yu)油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)擊穿(chuan)(chuan)電(dian)壓相等(deng)(deng)，在0.45MPa壓力下(xia)是油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)擊穿(chuan)(chuan)電(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)，是一(yi)種優(you)于油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新一(yi)代超高(gao)壓絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)介(jie)質材料(liao)。該產品技術要求完(wan)全(quan)符合《ZBK-41006-89》標準，它是油(you)(you)(you)浸式輕(qing)型試驗變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)換代產品。該產品具有體積小(xiao)、重量(liang)輕(qing)、不受氣(qi)(qi)候變(bian)化影響、電(dian)暈小(xiao)、現場搬運無需(xu)靜(jing)止可使用(yong)，使用(yong)壽命(ming)長、免維修等(deng)(deng)特點。適用(yong)于電(dian)力系(xi)統、工(gong)礦企業、科研部門(men)等(deng)(deng)對各種高(gao)壓電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設(she)備、電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)元件、絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)材料(liao)進行工(gong)頻或直流高(gao)壓下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)強度試驗。
二、WBTQSB-5KVA/50KV試驗變壓器產品結構
YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器采(cai)用單框芯式鐵芯結(jie)構(gou)，初級繞組(zu)(zu)繞在鐵芯上，高壓(ya)繞組(zu)(zu)在外，這種同(tong)軸布置減少了漏磁通，因而增大了繞組(zu)(zu)間(jian)的耦合。產品的外殼為(wei)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)灌式容器結(jie)構(gou)，能(neng)耐(nai)受0.8MPa以上壓(ya)力。其結(jie)構(gou)見圖1：
三、WBTQSB-5KVA/50KV試驗變壓器工作原理
YDQ系(xi)列高壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)為單(dan)相(xiang)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)，聯結組(zu)標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用工頻220V(10kVA以(yi)(yi)上為380V)電源接入(ru) (為本(ben)公司生(sheng)產的試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)配(pei)套專(zhuan)用設備，詳細(xi)資料請(qing)見其具體使用說明書)系(xi)列操(cao)作箱(臺)，經操(cao)作箱內自偶調壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(50kVA以(yi)(yi)上調壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)外附)調節至(zhi)0～200V(或0～400V)電壓(ya)(ya)輸出至(zhi)YDQ試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的初(chu)級繞組(zu)，根(gen)據電磁(ci)感(gan)應原理，在試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)高壓(ya)(ya)繞組(zu)可(ke)獲(huo)得試(shi)驗(yan)所需(xu)的高電壓(ya)(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器(qi)的工作原理圖(tu)見圖(tu)2。
單臺YDQ系(xi)列(lie)交直(zhi)流高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的工(gong)(gong)作原理圖見圖3，圖中高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)套管中裝有高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)硅堆(dui)，串接在高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)回路中作半波整流，以獲得(de)(de)直(zhi)流高(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)。當用一短(duan)(duan)路桿將(jiang)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)硅堆(dui)短(duan)(duan)接時(shi)，可(ke)獲得(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)頻高(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)，作為(wei)交流輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)狀態；取消短(duan)(duan)路桿時(shi)，作為(wei)直(zhi)流輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)狀態。
試(shi)驗變壓器高(gao)壓套管中的高(gao)壓硅(gui)堆未畫出(chu)，其原(yuan)理與上圖相同。
三(san)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得(de)更高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)接(jie)線原理見圖4。串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有很大的(de)優越性，因為(wei)整個試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝置由幾(ji)臺(tai)單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)，單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容(rong)量(liang)小、電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)、重量(liang)輕，便于運輸(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)(he)安裝。它既(ji)然可(ke)串接(jie)成(cheng)高(gao)出幾(ji)倍的(de)單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)合使用(yong)，又可(ke)分開成(cheng)幾(ji)套(tao)單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)獨使用(yong)。整套(tao)裝置投資小，經濟(ji)實(shi)惠(hui)。圖5中，在**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)每個單(dan)元試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中都有一個勵(li)磁繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)A1、C1和(he)(he)(he)A2、C2。在三(san)臺(tai)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基(ji)本原理中，低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)源加(jia)在試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)a1x1上，單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都是(shi)V。勵(li)磁繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)A1、C1給**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)供(gong)電(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)勵(li)磁繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)A2、C2給第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)供(gong)電(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)(he)(he)第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)箱體(ti)分別(bie)處(chu)在對(dui)地(di)為(wei)1V和(he)(he)(he)2V的(de)高(gao)電(dian)位上，所以箱體(ti)對(dui)地(di)是(shi)絕緣(yuan)的(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)箱體(ti)是(shi)接(jie)地(di)的(de)。這樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)地(di)的(de)額定輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分別(bie)為(wei)1V、2V、3V；其額定容(rong)量(liang)分別(bie)為(wei)3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高(gao)壓試驗(yan)變壓器做(zuo)被試品的工(gong)頻耐壓試驗(yan)使用(yong)接(jie)線原理圖見圖5。
圖中(zhong)：R1—限流電阻(zu) FRC—阻(zu)容分壓器(qi) RF—球間隙保護電阻(zu) G—球間隙 CX—被試品
注：高壓尾必須可(ke)靠接地
工頻耐(nai)壓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中限流電(dian)阻(zu)R1應根據(ju)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓器的(de)(de)額(e)(e)(e)定(ding)容量來選擇(ze)。如高壓側(ce)額(e)(e)(e)定(ding)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)流在100～300mA時(shi)，可(ke)取0.5～1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)壓)；高壓側(ce)額(e)(e)(e)定(ding)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)流為(wei)1A以上時(shi)，可(ke)取1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)壓)。常(chang)用水(shui)(shui)電(dian)阻(zu)作為(wei)限流電(dian)阻(zu)，管子長度可(ke)按150kV/m考(kao)慮，管子粗細(xi)應具有足夠的(de)(de)熱容量(水(shui)(shui)阻(zu)液配(pei)制方法：用蒸餾水(shui)(shui)加(jia)入適量硫酸銅配(pei)制成(cheng)各(ge)種不同的(de)(de)阻(zu)值(zhi))。
球(qiu)(qiu)間隙及保護電(dian)(dian)阻：當(dang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)超(chao)過球(qiu)(qiu)間隙整定值時(一(yi)般取(qu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的110%~120%)，球(qiu)(qiu)間隙放電(dian)(dian)，對被(bei)試(shi)品起到保護作(zuo)用。球(qiu)(qiu)間隙保護電(dian)(dian)阻可(ke)按1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya))選取(qu)。
在(zai)工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗中，低電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是(shi)(shi)非(fei)常準確的(de)(de)，其原因是(shi)(shi)由于(yu)試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器存在(zai)著(zhu)漏抗(kang)，在(zai)這個漏抗(kang)上必然存在(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)(jiang)或容(rong)(rong)升(sheng)，使(shi)試(shi)品上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低于(yu)或高(gao)于(yu)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表上反(fan)映出來(lai)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗時，被(bei)試(shi)品上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于(yu)試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是(shi)(shi)所謂(wei)容(rong)(rong)升(sheng)現象。感應耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗時，試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)漏抗(kang)必然存在(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)(jiang)。為了準確測(ce)量被(bei)試(shi)品上所施加的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此常在(zai)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)接入(ru)FRC阻(zu)容(rong)(rong)分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器來(lai)測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工頻耐壓試驗操作注意事項
1）試驗人(ren)員(yuan)應做好分工，明確(que)相互(hu)間聯系方法(fa)。并有專門人(ren)監護現場**及(ji)觀(guan)察試品狀態。
2）被(bei)試(shi)品應先清掃干(gan)(gan)凈，并**干(gan)(gan)燥，以免(mian)損壞(huai)被(bei)試(shi)品和試(shi)驗帶(dai)來的(de)誤差。
3）對于大型試(shi)驗(yan)，一般都應先進行空升(sheng)試(shi)驗(yan)。即不接試(shi)品時升(sheng)壓至(zhi)試(shi)驗(yan)電壓，校對各種表計，調整球間隙(xi)。
4）升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)速度(du)不能(neng)(neng)太快，并必須防止突然(ran)(ran)加壓(ya)(ya)。例(li)如(ru)調壓(ya)(ya)器不在零(ling)位時(shi)突然(ran)(ran)合閘(zha)。也(ye)不能(neng)(neng)突然(ran)(ran)切斷(duan)電源(yuan)，一般應在調壓(ya)(ya)器降(jiang)至零(ling)位時(shi)拉閘(zha)。
5）當(dang)電(dian)壓(ya)升至(zhi)試驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)時，開始計時，到(dao)1min后，迅速(su)降(jiang)壓(ya)到(dao)1/3試驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)以下時，才能(neng)拉(la)開電(dian)源(yuan)。
6）在(zai)升壓(ya)或(huo)耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)過程中，如發(fa)現下(xia)列不正常情況時，應立即(ji)降壓(ya)，切斷電(dian)(dian)源。停(ting)止試(shi)驗(yan)并(bing)查明原因：①電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)表指(zhi)針擺動很(hen)大；②發(fa)現絕(jue)緣燒焦(jiao)或(huo)冒煙；③被(bei)試(shi)品內(nei)有不正常的聲(sheng)音。
7）耐壓試驗(yan)前后應(ying)測量(liang)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)阻，檢查絕緣(yuan)(yuan)情(qing)況。
試(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)壓器在做被試(shi)(shi)品的直流耐壓或泄(xie)露(lu)試(shi)(shi)驗時(shi)接線(xian)原理圖如圖6。
注(zhu)：此試(shi)驗應先(xian)抽出短路桿“D”，圖(tu)6中所示。
圖中：VD—高(gao)壓硅堆 R1—限流電(dian)阻 C1—高(gao)壓濾(lv)波(bo)電(dian)容(rong) FRC—阻容(rong)分壓器 CX—被試品 μA—帶保護微安表
泄露試驗(yan)(yan)中限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)R1選擇(ze)(ze)在額定(ding)輸出電(dian)壓(ya)時，輸出端短路電(dian)流(liu)不超過高壓(ya)硅堆(dui)的*大整(zheng)流(liu)。如電(dian)壓(ya)硅堆(dui)的*大整(zheng)流(liu)電(dian)流(liu)為100mA時用于60kV的試驗(yan)(yan)裝置中，限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇(ze)(ze)。限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)還應具(ju)有足夠的容(rong)量和沿面放電(dian)距離(li)。
高壓(ya)濾波電(dian)容C1一(yi)般選擇在0.01~0.1μF，當被(bei)試品(pin)的電(dian)容量很大時(shi)，C1可(ke)省略不用。
泄(xie)露試驗的操作及注(zhu)意事項
1）試(shi)驗前(qian)應先檢查(cha)被試(shi)品是(shi)否(fou)停電(dian)，接地放電(dian)，一切對外連線是(shi)否(fou)擦干凈(jing)。要嚴防將(jiang)試(shi)驗電(dian)壓加(jia)到(dao)有人(ren)工作的部位上去。
2）接(jie)(jie)好試(shi)驗裝置的接(jie)(jie)線后(hou)，應(ying)復查(cha)無(wu)誤后(hou)才可(ke)加壓。應(ying)特別注意檢查(cha)高(gao)壓設備及引線與地(di)、與操作人員的**距離，被試(shi)品的外殼(ke)是否可(ke)靠接(jie)(jie)地(di)，要按**規(gui)程中(zhong)所規(gui)定的內容進行試(shi)驗。
3）對于大電容量設備應緩慢升壓(ya)，防止被試品的(de)充電電流(liu)燒壞(huai)微安表。必(bi)要時應分級(ji)加壓(ya)，分別讀取各級(ji)電壓(ya)下微安表的(de)穩定讀數。
4）試(shi)驗過程中，應密(mi)切監視被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)、試(shi)驗裝置、微安表(biao)，一(yi)旦發生擊穿(chuan)、閃爍(shuo)等(deng)異常現(xian)象應立(li)即(ji)降壓，切斷電源，并查(cha)明原因，詳細(xi)記錄(lu)。
5）試驗完畢，降壓，切斷電源后(hou)應將被試品(pin)及試驗裝置本身充分放電。
四、WBTQSB-5KVA/50KV試驗變壓器注意事項
1、按照您所進行的(de)試驗接(jie)好(hao)工作(zuo)線(xian)路。試驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器的(de)外(wai)(wai)殼(ke)以及操作(zuo)系統的(de)外(wai)(wai)殼(ke)必須(xu)可(ke)靠接(jie)地(di)。試驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器高壓(ya)繞(rao)組的(de)X端(duan)(duan)(高壓(ya)尾)以及測(ce)量繞(rao)組的(de)F端(duan)(duan)必須(xu)可(ke)靠接(jie)地(di)。
2、做(zuo)串級試(shi)(shi)驗時，**級、第三級試(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)壓器(qi)的(de)低壓繞組的(de)X端，測量繞組的(de)F端以及高壓繞組的(de)X端(高壓尾)均接(jie)本(ben)級試(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)壓器(qi)的(de)外(wai)殼。**級、第三級試(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)壓器(qi)的(de)外(wai)殼必須通(tong)過絕緣支(zhi)架接(jie)地(di)。
3、接(jie)通(tong)電源前(qian)，操(cao)作系統的調壓(ya)器(qi)必須調到(dao)零(ling)位后(hou)方可接(jie)通(tong)電源，合閘，開始升(sheng)壓(ya)。
4、從零(ling)(ling)開始均勻(yun)旋轉調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)手輪升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)有：快速升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，即(ji)20s逐級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)；慢(man)速升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，即(ji)60s逐級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)；極慢(man)速升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)供選用(yong)。電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)從零(ling)(ling)開始按一定(ding)的(de)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方式和(he)速度上升(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您(nin)所需的(de)額(e)定(ding)試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)75%后，在以每秒2%額(e)定(ding)試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)速度升(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您(nin)所需的(de)額(e)定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，并密切注(zhu)意測量儀表的(de)指示以及被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)的(de)情(qing)況。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)或試(shi)驗(yan)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)如發現測量儀表的(de)指示及被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)情(qing)況異常，應立即(ji)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，切斷(duan)電(dian)源，查明情(qing)況。
5、試驗完畢后(hou)，應在數秒內勻速的(de)將調壓器返(fan)回(hui)至零位，然后(hou)切斷電源。
6、本產品不得超過額定參數使用。除試驗必須外，決不允許全電壓通電或斷電。
7、再升(sheng)壓或耐壓試驗過程中，如發現以下(xia)不(bu)正(zheng)常情況時，應立即降壓，切斷(duan)電源，停止試驗并(bing)查明原(yuan)因(yin)。
⑴電壓表指針擺動(或數字跳動)很大
⑵電流表(biao)直線上升(sheng)
被試品內有不(bu)正常(chang)的(de)聲音
8、圖1中第9項系壓(ya)(ya)力閥及壓(ya)(ya)力表，為長期關(guan)閉狀(zhuang)態。每(mei)6個月開閥一次，以(yi)檢查SF6壓(ya)(ya)力，應不小于(yu)(yu)0.2MPa(檢查壓(ya)(ya)力后立即(ji)關(guan)閉閥門)，低于(yu)(yu)0.2MPa時(shi)應加SF6氣(qi)體(ti)，以(yi)增加氣(qi)絕緣。
9、耐壓實驗(yan)前后應測量被試設(she)備的絕緣電(dian)阻(zu)，檢查絕緣情況(kuang)。
10、當試驗(yan)變壓器長期不使用時(shi)，應放置于通風、干(gan)燥、無陽光直射(she)的地方。
11、該產品不(bu)允許在高于45℃的溫度(du)下長期存放、使用(yong)、放氣。
12、運輸搬運途(tu)中(zhong)不得重(zhong)力(li)沖擊。
13、產品緊(jin)固件(jian)及(ji)壓力(li)閥、壓力(li)表不得(de)擅自松動(dong)。
14、使用本產(chan)品做高(gao)壓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時，出(chu)熟悉本說明書外，還必須嚴(yan)格執(zhi)行國家有關標準和操(cao)作規程(cheng)(cheng)。可參照GB311-83《高(gao)壓輸變設備(bei)(bei)的絕(jue)緣配合，高(gao)壓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)技術》；《電氣(qi)設備(bei)(bei)預防性試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)規程(cheng)(cheng)》等。
五、WBTQSB-5KVA/50KV試驗變壓器容量選擇
標稱試驗(yan)變壓器(qi)容量Pn的確定公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中：
Pn——標(biao)稱試驗變壓器(qi)容量(liang)(kVA)
Vn——試驗變壓(ya)器的額定輸(shu)出高壓(ya)的有效值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標稱電(dian)壓Vn≥1MV時，k=2；標稱電(dian)壓較低時，k值可取(qu)高一些。
Ct——被試品的電(dian)容量(liang)(pF)
ω——角頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)，ω=2πf， ;f——試驗(yan)電源的頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)
被試設備的電容量Ct可由交流電橋測(ce)出。Ct的變化很大，
可由(you)設備的類型而定。
典(dian)型數據如下：
簡單的棒(bang)式或懸式絕緣(yuan)子 幾十微法
簡單的分級套管 ; 100～1000pF
電壓互感器(qi) ; 200 ～ 500pF
電力(li)變壓器 < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高壓電(dian)力電(dian)纜和油浸紙絕緣 250～300pF/m
氣體(ti)絕緣 ; ～60pF/m
封閉變電站，SF6氣體(ti)絕緣 ; 100～10000Pf;
對于不同的試(shi)驗電壓(ya)Vn，選(xuan)擇不同的(適當(dang)的)**系數k。
以(yi)下列出不同的Vn所(suo)選用的k值供參考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2