一、WBTQSB-75KVA/150KV交直流高壓發生器概述
YDQ系列高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器是根據《試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器》標(biao)準，在(zai)油(you)浸(jin)式試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)基礎上而設計生產的(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)(qi)體具(ju)有良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)性能及優異(yi)的(de)(de)(de)滅弧性能，其(qi)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)強(qiang)度為同一(yi)(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)氮(dan)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)2.5倍(bei)(bei)，擊(ji)穿電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)2.5倍(bei)(bei)。在(zai)0.25MPa下(xia)與油(you)的(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)相等，在(zai)0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)是油(you)的(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)(bei)，是一(yi)(yi)種優于(yu)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)新一(yi)(yi)代超高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)介質材(cai)料(liao)。該產品(pin)(pin)技術要求(qiu)完全符(fu)合《ZBK-41006-89》標(biao)準，它(ta)是油(you)浸(jin)式輕型試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)換代產品(pin)(pin)。該產品(pin)(pin)具(ju)有體積(ji)小、重量輕、不受氣(qi)(qi)候變(bian)化影響、電(dian)暈小、現(xian)場搬運無需靜止可使(shi)用(yong)，使(shi)用(yong)壽命長、免維修等特(te)點(dian)。適用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)力系統、工礦企業、科研部門(men)等對(dui)各種高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設備(bei)、電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)元件、絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)進行工頻或直流(liu)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)強(qiang)度試(shi)驗(yan)。
二、WBTQSB-75KVA/150KV交直流高壓發生器產品結構
YDQ系列高(gao)壓試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器(qi)采用單框芯式鐵(tie)芯結構，初(chu)級繞組(zu)繞在鐵(tie)芯上(shang)，高(gao)壓繞組(zu)在外，這種同(tong)軸布(bu)置減少了漏磁通(tong)，因(yin)而增(zeng)大了繞組(zu)間(jian)的耦合。產品的外殼(ke)為圓柱灌式容(rong)器(qi)結構，能耐受0.8MPa以上(shang)壓力。其結構見圖(tu)1：
三、WBTQSB-75KVA/150KV交直流高壓發生器工作原理
YDQ系列(lie)高壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)為(wei)單相變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)，聯結組標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用工頻(pin)220V(10kVA以(yi)上(shang)為(wei)380V)電(dian)源(yuan)接入 (為(wei)本公(gong)司生產(chan)的(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)配套專用設備(bei)，詳細資料請見其(qi)具體使用說(shuo)明書)系列(lie)操作箱(臺)，經操作箱內(nei)自偶調壓(ya)器(qi)(50kVA以(yi)上(shang)調壓(ya)器(qi)外(wai)附)調節至0～200V(或0～400V)電(dian)壓(ya)輸出至YDQ試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)初(chu)級繞組，根(gen)據電(dian)磁感應原理(li)，在試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)高壓(ya)繞組可獲得(de)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)所(suo)需的(de)(de)高電(dian)壓(ya)。
單(dan)臺YDQ系列高壓試驗(yan)變壓器的工(gong)作(zuo)原理圖見圖2。
單臺YDQ系列(lie)交直流(liu)高(gao)壓(ya)試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)原理圖(tu)見(jian)圖(tu)3，圖(tu)中高(gao)壓(ya)套管中裝(zhuang)有高(gao)壓(ya)硅(gui)堆(dui)(dui)，串接(jie)在高(gao)壓(ya)回路中作(zuo)半波整流(liu)，以獲得直流(liu)高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)。當用一短路桿將高(gao)壓(ya)硅(gui)堆(dui)(dui)短接(jie)時，可獲得工(gong)(gong)頻高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)，作(zuo)為交流(liu)輸(shu)出(chu)狀態(tai)；取消短路桿時，作(zuo)為直流(liu)輸(shu)出(chu)狀態(tai)。
試驗變壓器高(gao)壓套管中的(de)高(gao)壓硅堆未畫出，其原理與上圖相同。
三(san)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)獲得更高電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)線原(yuan)理見圖4。串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有很(hen)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)優越(yue)性，因為(wei)整個(ge)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝置(zhi)由(you)幾臺(tai)單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組成，單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)容(rong)量小、電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重量輕，便于(yu)運輸和(he)安裝。它既然可(ke)串(chuan)接(jie)(jie)成高出幾倍的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸出電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組合(he)使(shi)用，又可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)開成幾套單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)獨使(shi)用。整套裝置(zhi)投資小，經濟(ji)實惠。圖5中，在(zai)**級(ji)(ji)和(he)**級(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)每(mei)個(ge)單(dan)元(yuan)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中都(dou)有一個(ge)勵磁繞(rao)組A1、C1和(he)A2、C2。在(zai)三(san)臺(tai)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原(yuan)理中，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)源(yuan)加在(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組a1x1上(shang)(shang)，單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)輸出電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都(dou)是(shi)V。勵磁繞(rao)組A1、C1給**級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組供(gong)(gong)電(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)勵磁繞(rao)組A2、C2給第(di)三(san)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組供(gong)(gong)電(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)第(di)三(san)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)箱體分(fen)(fen)(fen)別(bie)處在(zai)對(dui)地為(wei)1V和(he)2V的(de)(de)(de)高電(dian)位(wei)上(shang)(shang)，所以箱體對(dui)地是(shi)絕緣的(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)箱體是(shi)接(jie)(jie)地的(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)樣**級(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)、第(di)三(san)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)地的(de)(de)(de)額定(ding)輸出電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)(fen)(fen)別(bie)為(wei)1V、2V、3V；其額定(ding)容(rong)量分(fen)(fen)(fen)別(bie)為(wei)3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列(lie)高壓(ya)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器(qi)做被試(shi)品的工頻(pin)耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗使用(yong)接線原(yuan)理圖見(jian)圖5。
圖中：R1—限流電阻 FRC—阻容分壓器 RF—球間(jian)隙保護電阻 G—球間(jian)隙 ; ; CX—被(bei)試品
注：高(gao)壓(ya)尾必(bi)須可靠(kao)接地
工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)R1應根據試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)額(e)定容量來(lai)選擇。如(ru)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)側額(e)定輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)流(liu)在100～300mA時，可取0.5～1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya))；高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)側額(e)定輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)流(liu)為(wei)(wei)1A以上時，可取1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya))。常用水電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，管子(zi)長(chang)度(du)可按(an)150kV/m考慮(lv)，管子(zi)粗細應具有足夠的(de)熱容量(水阻(zu)(zu)液配(pei)制方法(fa)：用蒸餾水加入適量硫酸銅配(pei)制成各種不同的(de)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi))。
球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)及保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻：當電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)超(chao)過球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)整(zheng)定(ding)值時(一(yi)般取試驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的110%~120%)，球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，對被試品起到保(bao)護作(zuo)用。球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻可(ke)按1Ω/V(試驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya))選取。
在工(gong)頻(pin)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)中，低電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測量(liang)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是非常準確的，其(qi)原因(yin)是由于試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器存在著(zhu)(zhu)漏(lou)抗，在這(zhe)個漏(lou)抗上(shang)必然存在著(zhu)(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)或容升，使試(shi)(shi)(shi)品上(shang)的電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低于或高(gao)于低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測量(liang)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表上(shang)反(fan)映出(chu)來的電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工(gong)頻(pin)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時(shi)，被試(shi)(shi)(shi)品上(shang)的電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也(ye)就(jiu)是所謂容升現象。感應耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時(shi)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的漏(lou)抗必然存在著(zhu)(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)。為了準確測量(liang)被試(shi)(shi)(shi)品上(shang)所施加(jia)的電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因(yin)此常在高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側接入(ru)FRC阻容分(fen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器來測量(liang)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖(tu)5)。
工頻耐壓(ya)試驗操作注意(yi)事項(xiang)
1）試(shi)(shi)驗人員應做好(hao)分(fen)工(gong)，明確相互間聯系方法。并有專門人監護現場(chang)**及觀察試(shi)(shi)品狀態。
2）被(bei)試(shi)品應先(xian)清掃干凈，并**干燥(zao)，以免損壞被(bei)試(shi)品和(he)試(shi)驗(yan)帶來的誤差。
3）對(dui)于大型(xing)試(shi)驗，一般都(dou)應先進(jin)行空升試(shi)驗。即不接試(shi)品(pin)時(shi)升壓至試(shi)驗電壓，校對(dui)各種表計，調整(zheng)球間隙(xi)。
4）升壓(ya)速(su)度(du)不能(neng)太快，并(bing)必(bi)須防止突(tu)然(ran)加壓(ya)。例如調壓(ya)器不在零位時突(tu)然(ran)合閘。也不能(neng)突(tu)然(ran)切斷(duan)電源，一(yi)般(ban)應在調壓(ya)器降(jiang)至零位時拉(la)閘。
5）當電(dian)壓(ya)升至試驗電(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)(shi)，開(kai)始計時(shi)(shi)，到(dao)1min后，迅速降壓(ya)到(dao)1/3試驗電(dian)壓(ya)以下時(shi)(shi)，才能(neng)拉開(kai)電(dian)源。
6）在升壓(ya)或(huo)(huo)耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)過(guo)程中，如發現下列不(bu)正常情(qing)況時，應立即降壓(ya)，切斷電源。停止試(shi)驗(yan)并查(cha)明原因(yin)：①電壓(ya)表(biao)指針擺動很大(da)；②發現絕緣燒焦或(huo)(huo)冒煙；③被試(shi)品內有不(bu)正常的聲音。
7）耐壓(ya)試驗前后應(ying)測(ce)量絕緣電阻，檢查絕緣情(qing)況。
試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器(qi)在做被試(shi)品的直(zhi)流耐壓或泄露試(shi)驗(yan)時接線原理(li)圖如圖6。
注：此試(shi)驗(yan)應(ying)先抽(chou)出(chu)短路桿(gan)“D”，圖6中所示(shi)。
圖中：VD—高壓(ya)硅(gui)堆 R1—限流(liu)電阻 C1—高壓(ya)濾波電容 FRC—阻容分壓(ya)器 CX—被(bei)試品 μA—帶保(bao)護(hu)微安表
泄露(lu)試驗中限(xian)(xian)流(liu)(liu)電阻R1選擇在額定(ding)輸出電壓(ya)時，輸出端短路電流(liu)(liu)不超(chao)過高(gao)壓(ya)硅堆的(de)*大整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)。如(ru)電壓(ya)硅堆的(de)*大整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)電流(liu)(liu)為100mA時用于60kV的(de)試驗裝置中，限(xian)(xian)流(liu)(liu)電阻按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇。限(xian)(xian)流(liu)(liu)電阻還應具有足(zu)夠的(de)容量和沿(yan)面(mian)放電距離(li)。
高壓濾(lv)波電容(rong)C1一(yi)般(ban)選擇在(zai)0.01~0.1μF，當被試(shi)品的電容(rong)量很大時，C1可省略不用。
泄(xie)露試驗的操(cao)作及注(zhu)意(yi)事項
1）試驗前應先檢查被試品是否(fou)停電(dian)，接地放(fang)電(dian)，一切對外連線是否(fou)擦干凈。要(yao)嚴防將試驗電(dian)壓加到有(you)人(ren)工作(zuo)的部位上去。
2）接好(hao)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)置的(de)接線(xian)后，應復(fu)查(cha)無誤后才可加壓(ya)。應特(te)別注意(yi)檢(jian)查(cha)高壓(ya)設備及引線(xian)與地、與操(cao)作人員的(de)**距離(li)，被試(shi)(shi)品的(de)外殼(ke)是(shi)否可靠(kao)接地，要按**規程中所(suo)規定的(de)內容進行試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。
3）對于(yu)大電(dian)容(rong)量設(she)備應緩慢升壓，防止被試(shi)品的充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流燒(shao)壞微安(an)(an)表(biao)。必要(yao)時應分級加壓，分別(bie)讀(du)取各級電(dian)壓下微安(an)(an)表(biao)的穩定讀(du)數(shu)。
4）試驗(yan)過(guo)程(cheng)中，應密切監視被試品、試驗(yan)裝置、微安(an)表，一旦發生(sheng)擊穿、閃爍(shuo)等異常(chang)現象(xiang)應立即降壓，切斷(duan)電源，并查明原(yuan)因，詳(xiang)細記錄(lu)。
5）試驗完(wan)畢，降壓(ya)，切斷電(dian)源(yuan)后應將被試品及(ji)試驗裝置本身充分放(fang)電(dian)。
四、WBTQSB-75KVA/150KV交直流高壓發生器注意事項
1、按照您所(suo)進行(xing)的試(shi)驗接好工作(zuo)線路。試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的外(wai)殼以及(ji)(ji)操作(zuo)系統的外(wai)殼必(bi)須可(ke)(ke)靠(kao)接地(di)。試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)高壓(ya)(ya)繞組(zu)的X端(duan)(duan)(高壓(ya)(ya)尾)以及(ji)(ji)測量繞組(zu)的F端(duan)(duan)必(bi)須可(ke)(ke)靠(kao)接地(di)。
2、做串級(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)(yan)時(shi)，**級(ji)(ji)、第三(san)級(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)低壓(ya)繞組(zu)的(de)X端，測(ce)量繞組(zu)的(de)F端以及(ji)高壓(ya)繞組(zu)的(de)X端(高壓(ya)尾)均(jun)接本級(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)外殼。**級(ji)(ji)、第三(san)級(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)外殼必須通過絕緣支(zhi)架(jia)接地。
3、接通(tong)電源(yuan)前，操作系統(tong)的調壓器必(bi)須調到(dao)零位后方可(ke)接通(tong)電源(yuan)，合(he)閘，開(kai)始升(sheng)壓。
4、從零(ling)開(kai)始均勻旋轉調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)手輪升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方法(fa)(fa)有：快(kuai)速升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)，即20s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)；慢速升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)，即60s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)；極(ji)慢速升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)供選用。電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)從零(ling)開(kai)始按一定(ding)的(de)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方式和速度上升(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您所(suo)需的(de)額(e)定(ding)試(shi)驗電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)75%后，在(zai)以(yi)每(mei)秒2%額(e)定(ding)試(shi)驗電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)速度升(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您所(suo)需的(de)額(e)定(ding)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，并密切注意測(ce)量儀(yi)表(biao)的(de)指示以(yi)及被試(shi)品的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過(guo)程中(zhong)或試(shi)驗過(guo)程中(zhong)如(ru)發現測(ce)量儀(yi)表(biao)的(de)指示及被試(shi)品情(qing)況(kuang)異常，應(ying)立(li)即降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，切斷電源，查明(ming)情(qing)況(kuang)。
5、試驗完畢后(hou)，應在數秒內勻速的(de)將調壓器返回至零(ling)位，然(ran)后(hou)切(qie)斷電源。
6、本(ben)產(chan)品不得超過(guo)額定(ding)參(can)數使用。除試驗必須(xu)外，決不允許全(quan)電(dian)壓通電(dian)或斷(duan)電(dian)。
7、再升壓(ya)或(huo)耐壓(ya)試驗過程中(zhong)，如發(fa)現以下(xia)不正常情況(kuang)時，應(ying)立即降壓(ya)，切斷電源，停(ting)止(zhi)試驗并查明(ming)原(yuan)因。
⑴電壓表指針擺動(或(huo)數(shu)字(zi)跳動)很大
⑵電流(liu)表(biao)直線上升
被試品內有不正(zheng)常的聲音
8、圖1中第9項系壓力(li)(li)閥及壓力(li)(li)表，為長(chang)期關(guan)閉狀態。每6個月開閥一(yi)次，以(yi)檢(jian)查SF6壓力(li)(li)，應不小于(yu)0.2MPa(檢(jian)查壓力(li)(li)后(hou)立即關(guan)閉閥門)，低于(yu)0.2MPa時(shi)應加SF6氣體(ti)，以(yi)增加氣絕(jue)緣。
9、耐壓實驗前(qian)后應測(ce)量(liang)被試設備的絕緣電阻，檢(jian)查絕緣情況。
10、當試驗(yan)變壓器長期(qi)不使用時，應放置(zhi)于通風、干燥(zao)、無陽(yang)光直(zhi)射的地方。
11、該產品不允許在高于45℃的溫度下(xia)長期存放、使用、放氣(qi)。
12、運輸搬運途(tu)中不得重力沖擊。
13、產品緊固件及壓力閥、壓力表(biao)不得擅自松(song)動。
14、使用(yong)本產品做高壓試驗(yan)時，出熟悉本說明(ming)書(shu)外(wai)，還(huan)必須嚴格執(zhi)行國家有關標準和操作規程。可(ke)參照GB311-83《高壓輸(shu)變設備的絕緣配合，高壓試驗(yan)技術》；《電氣設備預(yu)防(fang)性(xing)試驗(yan)規程》等。
五、WBTQSB-75KVA/150KV交直流高壓發生器容量選擇
標稱試驗變壓(ya)器容量Pn的確定公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中：
Pn——標稱試驗變壓器容量(kVA)
Vn——試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器的額定輸(shu)出(chu)高壓的有效值(zhi)(kV)
k ——**系(xi)數(shu)。k≥1，標稱電(dian)壓Vn≥1MV時(shi)，k=2；標稱電(dian)壓較低時(shi)，k值可(ke)取高一些。
Ct——被試品的電容量(liang)(pF)
ω——角頻(pin)(pin)率，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源的(de)頻(pin)(pin)率
被試設備的電(dian)容量Ct可由交流電(dian)橋測出。Ct的變化很大，
可(ke)由(you)設備(bei)的類型而(er)定。
典(dian)型數據(ju)如下：
簡單(dan)的棒式(shi)或(huo)懸(xuan)式(shi)絕(jue)緣子 幾(ji)十微法
簡單的(de)分級套(tao)管 ; 100～1000pF
電(dian)壓互感器 200 ～ 500pF
電力變壓器 < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA ;1000～10000pF
高壓電力電纜和(he)油(you)浸紙絕緣 250～300pF/m
氣體絕緣 ～60pF/m
封(feng)閉變電站，SF6氣(qi)體絕緣 100～10000Pf;
對于不(bu)同的試(shi)驗電壓Vn，選擇不(bu)同的(適(shi)當(dang)的)**系數k。
以下列出不同的(de)Vn所選用的(de)k值供(gong)參考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2