一、WBTQSB-25KVA/100KV交直流試驗變壓器概(gai)述
YDQ系列(lie)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器是根據《試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器》標準(zhun)，在(zai)油(you)(you)(you)浸式試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上而設計生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)具有良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)絕(jue)緣性(xing)能及優異(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)滅弧性(xing)能，其耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)強度為同一壓(ya)(ya)力下氮氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍(bei)，擊(ji)穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍(bei)。在(zai)0.25MPa下與油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)相等，在(zai)0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)力下是油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)，是一種優于油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新一代(dai)(dai)超高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)絕(jue)緣介質材(cai)料。該(gai)產品(pin)(pin)技術要求完全符合《ZBK-41006-89》標準(zhun)，它是油(you)(you)(you)浸式輕型試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)換代(dai)(dai)產品(pin)(pin)。該(gai)產品(pin)(pin)具有體(ti)積(ji)小、重量輕、不受氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)變(bian)化影響(xiang)、電(dian)(dian)暈小、現(xian)場搬運(yun)無需靜止可使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命長(chang)、免(mian)維修等特點。適用(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)力系統、工礦企業、科研部門等對各種高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設備(bei)、電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)元(yuan)件、絕(jue)緣材(cai)料進(jin)行工頻或(huo)直流高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣強度試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。
二、WBTQSB-25KVA/100KV交直流試驗變壓器產品結構
YDQ系(xi)列高(gao)壓試驗變壓器(qi)采用(yong)單框(kuang)芯式鐵(tie)芯結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)，初(chu)級繞組繞在鐵(tie)芯上，高(gao)壓繞組在外(wai)，這種同軸布置減少(shao)了(le)漏磁通，因而增大了(le)繞組間的(de)耦合。產品(pin)的(de)外(wai)殼(ke)為(wei)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)灌式容(rong)器(qi)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)，能耐受(shou)0.8MPa以(yi)上壓力(li)。其結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)見圖1：
三、WBTQSB-25KVA/100KV交直流試驗變壓器工作原理
YDQ系列(lie)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)為單相(xiang)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，聯結組(zu)標(biao)號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用(yong)工頻(pin)220V(10kVA以上為380V)電(dian)源接入 (為本(ben)公司(si)生產的試驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)配套專用(yong)設備，詳細資料請(qing)見其具體使(shi)用(yong)說(shuo)明(ming)書)系列(lie)操作箱(臺)，經操作箱內(nei)自偶(ou)調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(50kVA以上調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)外附(fu))調節至0～200V(或0～400V)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)輸出至YDQ試驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的初級(ji)繞組(zu)，根(gen)據(ju)電(dian)磁感(gan)應(ying)原理，在試驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞組(zu)可獲(huo)得試驗(yan)所需的高電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列高壓試驗變(bian)壓器的工作原理圖見圖2。
單臺YDQ系列交直(zhi)流高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的工作原理圖見圖3，圖中高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)套管中裝有高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)硅(gui)堆，串接(jie)在高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)回路(lu)中作半(ban)波整流，以獲得直(zhi)流高(gao)(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)。當用一(yi)短(duan)路(lu)桿將高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)硅(gui)堆短(duan)接(jie)時(shi)，可獲得工頻高(gao)(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)，作為(wei)交流輸出狀態；取消短(duan)路(lu)桿時(shi)，作為(wei)直(zhi)流輸出狀態。
試驗變壓器(qi)高(gao)壓套管中的高(gao)壓硅堆(dui)未(wei)畫出(chu)，其原理與(yu)上圖相同。
三(san)(san)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)串(chuan)(chuan)級(ji)(ji)獲得更高電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接線原理見圖4。串(chuan)(chuan)級(ji)(ji)高壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優越性，因為(wei)整個試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)置由幾臺(tai)(tai)單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)成(cheng)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)容量(liang)小、電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低(di)、重量(liang)輕，便(bian)于運輸(shu)和(he)(he)安(an)裝(zhuang)。它既然可(ke)串(chuan)(chuan)接成(cheng)高出幾倍(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)組(zu)合使用(yong)，又(you)可(ke)分開成(cheng)幾套單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)獨使用(yong)。整套裝(zhuang)置投資小，經濟實惠(hui)。圖5中(zhong)，在(zai)**級(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)**級(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每個單(dan)(dan)(dan)元試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)都(dou)有(you)一個勵磁繞(rao)組(zu)A1、C1和(he)(he)A2、C2。在(zai)三(san)(san)臺(tai)(tai)串(chuan)(chuan)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)基本(ben)原理中(zhong)，低(di)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)源(yuan)加(jia)在(zai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)a1x1上，單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)V。勵磁繞(rao)組(zu)A1、C1給**級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)供(gong)電(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勵磁繞(rao)組(zu)A2、C2給第(di)三(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)供(gong)電(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)(he)第(di)三(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)箱體(ti)分別處在(zai)對(dui)地(di)為(wei)1V和(he)(he)2V的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高電(dian)位上，所以(yi)箱體(ti)對(dui)地(di)是(shi)(shi)絕緣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)箱體(ti)是(shi)(shi)接地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。這樣**級(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)、第(di)三(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)定輸(shu)出電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)分別為(wei)1V、2V、3V；其額(e)定容量(liang)分別為(wei)3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列(lie)高壓試驗變壓器做被試品(pin)的工頻耐壓試驗使用(yong)接(jie)線原理圖見圖5。
圖(tu)中：R1—限(xian)流電阻 FRC—阻容分壓器 RF—球間隙(xi)保護電阻 ; G—球間隙(xi) CX—被試品(pin)
注(zhu)：高壓(ya)尾(wei)必須可(ke)靠接(jie)地
工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中限流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)R1應(ying)根據試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器的(de)額定容量來選擇。如高壓(ya)側(ce)額定輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)流在100～300mA時(shi)，可(ke)(ke)取(qu)0.5～1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya))；高壓(ya)側(ce)額定輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)流為1A以上時(shi)，可(ke)(ke)取(qu)1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya))。常用(yong)水電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)作為限流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)，管(guan)子長度可(ke)(ke)按150kV/m考(kao)慮，管(guan)子粗(cu)細應(ying)具有足夠的(de)熱容量(水阻(zu)(zu)(zu)液配制方法：用(yong)蒸餾水加入適量硫酸銅配制成(cheng)各種不同的(de)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值)。
球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)(xi)及保護電(dian)阻(zu)：當電(dian)壓(ya)超過(guo)球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)(xi)整定值時(一般取試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)的110%~120%)，球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)(xi)放電(dian)，對被試(shi)品起到(dao)保護作(zuo)用。球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)(xi)保護電(dian)阻(zu)可(ke)按1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya))選取。
在(zai)(zai)工(gong)頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗中，低電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不(bu)是(shi)非(fei)常準確(que)的(de)，其原因是(shi)由于(yu)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)存在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)(zhu)漏(lou)抗(kang)，在(zai)(zai)這個(ge)漏(lou)抗(kang)上(shang)必然存在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降或(huo)(huo)容升(sheng)，使試(shi)品上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低于(yu)或(huo)(huo)高(gao)于(yu)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表上(shang)反映出來的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工(gong)頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗時(shi)，被試(shi)品上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于(yu)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是(shi)所謂容升(sheng)現象。感應(ying)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗時(shi)，試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)漏(lou)抗(kang)必然存在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為了準確(que)測(ce)量(liang)被試(shi)品上(shang)所施(shi)加的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此(ci)常在(zai)(zai)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側接入FRC阻容分(fen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)來測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工(gong)頻(pin)耐壓試驗操作注意事項
1）試(shi)(shi)驗人員應做好分(fen)工，明確相互間聯(lian)系(xi)方法。并(bing)有專門人監護現(xian)場**及觀(guan)察試(shi)(shi)品狀態。
2）被(bei)試品應(ying)先清掃(sao)干(gan)凈，并**干(gan)燥，以免(mian)損壞被(bei)試品和試驗帶來(lai)的誤差。
3）對(dui)于大型(xing)試(shi)驗，一般都應先進行空升(sheng)試(shi)驗。即不接試(shi)品時升(sheng)壓至試(shi)驗電(dian)壓，校(xiao)對(dui)各種表(biao)計，調整球(qiu)間隙。
4）升(sheng)壓(ya)速度不能(neng)太快，并必須(xu)防止(zhi)突然(ran)(ran)加壓(ya)。例如調(diao)壓(ya)器不在(zai)零位時突然(ran)(ran)合(he)閘(zha)。也不能(neng)突然(ran)(ran)切斷電(dian)源，一般(ban)應在(zai)調(diao)壓(ya)器降至零位時拉閘(zha)。
5）當(dang)電壓(ya)升(sheng)至(zhi)試驗(yan)電壓(ya)時，開始(shi)計時，到1min后(hou)，迅(xun)速降壓(ya)到1/3試驗(yan)電壓(ya)以(yi)下時，才能拉(la)開電源。
6）在升壓或(huo)耐壓試驗過程中(zhong)，如發(fa)現下(xia)列不正常情況時，應立即降壓，切斷電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。停止試驗并查(cha)明原因：①電(dian)(dian)壓表指針擺動很大(da)；②發(fa)現絕(jue)緣燒焦或(huo)冒煙；③被試品內有不正常的聲音(yin)。
7）耐壓試驗前(qian)后應測量絕緣電阻，檢(jian)查絕緣情況。
試驗變壓器在做(zuo)被試品的直流(liu)耐(nai)壓或泄露試驗時接線原理(li)圖(tu)如(ru)圖(tu)6。
注：此試(shi)驗(yan)應先抽出短路桿“D”，圖6中所示。
圖中(zhong)：VD—高(gao)壓(ya)硅堆 R1—限(xian)流電(dian)阻 C1—高(gao)壓(ya)濾波電(dian)容(rong) FRC—阻容(rong)分壓(ya)器 CX—被試品(pin) μA—帶保護微安表
泄露試驗中(zhong)限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)R1選擇(ze)在額定(ding)輸出電(dian)壓時(shi)，輸出端短路電(dian)流(liu)不超過高壓硅(gui)堆的(de)(de)*大(da)整流(liu)。如電(dian)壓硅(gui)堆的(de)(de)*大(da)整流(liu)電(dian)流(liu)為100mA時(shi)用于60kV的(de)(de)試驗裝置中(zhong)，限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇(ze)。限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)還(huan)應(ying)具(ju)有(you)足夠(gou)的(de)(de)容量(liang)和沿面放(fang)電(dian)距離。
高壓濾波(bo)電(dian)容(rong)C1一般選擇在0.01~0.1μF，當被試品的電(dian)容(rong)量很大時，C1可省(sheng)略不(bu)用。
泄露試驗的操作及注意事項
1）試驗前應(ying)先檢查被試品是否停電(dian)，接地放電(dian)，一(yi)切對外(wai)連(lian)線(xian)是否擦干凈。要嚴(yan)防將試驗電(dian)壓加到有人工作的部位上去。
2）接好(hao)試(shi)驗裝置的接線后，應復查無誤后才可(ke)加壓(ya)。應特別注意檢查高(gao)壓(ya)設備及(ji)引線與(yu)(yu)地、與(yu)(yu)操作人員(yuan)的**距離，被試(shi)品的外殼是(shi)否可(ke)靠接地，要按**規(gui)程中所規(gui)定的內(nei)容(rong)進行試(shi)驗。
3）對于大電(dian)(dian)容量設備應(ying)緩(huan)慢升壓，防(fang)止被試品的充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)燒壞(huai)微(wei)安(an)表。必要時應(ying)分級加壓，分別讀取(qu)各(ge)級電(dian)(dian)壓下微(wei)安(an)表的穩定(ding)讀數。
4）試(shi)驗過程中，應密(mi)切監視被試(shi)品、試(shi)驗裝置、微安表，一旦發(fa)生擊穿、閃爍等異常現象應立即降壓(ya)，切斷電源，并(bing)查明原因，詳細(xi)記錄。
5）試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)完畢，降壓，切斷電(dian)源(yuan)后應將被試(shi)(shi)(shi)品及試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)裝置本身充分(fen)放電(dian)。
四、WBTQSB-25KVA/100KV交直流試驗變壓器注意事項
1、按(an)照您(nin)所(suo)進行的試(shi)驗(yan)接(jie)好工作線路。試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)的外殼以(yi)及(ji)操作系統的外殼必(bi)須(xu)可靠接(jie)地(di)。試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)高壓(ya)繞組的X端(duan)(高壓(ya)尾)以(yi)及(ji)測量繞組的F端(duan)必(bi)須(xu)可靠接(jie)地(di)。
2、做串(chuan)級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)時，**級(ji)、第三級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器的低壓(ya)(ya)繞組的X端，測量繞組的F端以及高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)繞組的X端(高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)尾)均接(jie)(jie)本級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器的外(wai)殼(ke)。**級(ji)、第三級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器的外(wai)殼(ke)必須通過絕(jue)緣支架接(jie)(jie)地(di)。
3、接通(tong)電源前，操作(zuo)系統(tong)的調壓(ya)器必須調到零位后方(fang)可(ke)接通(tong)電源，合閘，開始(shi)升壓(ya)。
4、從(cong)零開始均勻旋轉調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)手(shou)輪升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方法有：快速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法，即(ji)20s逐級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法；慢速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法，即(ji)60s逐級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法；極慢速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法供(gong)選用。電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)從(cong)零開始按一定(ding)(ding)的升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方式和速(su)度上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您所需的額定(ding)(ding)試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的75%后，在以(yi)每秒2%額定(ding)(ding)試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的速(su)度升(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您所需的額定(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，并密切注意測(ce)量儀表的指示以(yi)及被試(shi)品的情況。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)或試(shi)驗過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)如(ru)發現測(ce)量儀表的指示及被試(shi)品情況異常，應立(li)即(ji)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，切斷(duan)電(dian)源，查明(ming)情況。
5、試驗完畢(bi)后，應(ying)在(zai)數秒內勻速的將調(diao)壓器返回至(zhi)零位，然(ran)后切(qie)斷(duan)電源(yuan)。
6、本產品不得超過(guo)額(e)定參數使用。除試驗必(bi)須(xu)外，決(jue)不允許全電(dian)壓通電(dian)或(huo)斷電(dian)。
7、再(zai)升壓或耐壓試(shi)驗過(guo)程中(zhong)，如發(fa)現以下不正常情況時(shi)，應(ying)立即降壓，切斷(duan)電源，停止試(shi)驗并查明(ming)原因。
⑴電壓表指針(zhen)擺動(dong)(或數字跳(tiao)動(dong))很大(da)
⑵電流表(biao)直線(xian)上升
被試品內有不正(zheng)常(chang)的(de)聲音
8、圖1中第(di)9項系壓(ya)力(li)閥及壓(ya)力(li)表，為長期關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)狀態。每6個月開閥一次，以檢查(cha)SF6壓(ya)力(li)，應(ying)不小(xiao)于(yu)0.2MPa(檢查(cha)壓(ya)力(li)后立(li)即關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)閥門)，低于(yu)0.2MPa時應(ying)加(jia)SF6氣(qi)體(ti)，以增加(jia)氣(qi)絕緣。
9、耐壓實驗前后(hou)應測量被(bei)試設備的絕(jue)緣電阻，檢查絕(jue)緣情(qing)況。
10、當(dang)試驗變壓器長期不使(shi)用時，應放置于通(tong)風(feng)、干(gan)燥、無陽(yang)光直射的地(di)方。
11、該產(chan)品不允許在高于45℃的溫度下長(chang)期存放、使用、放氣(qi)。
12、運輸搬運途中不得重力(li)沖擊。
13、產(chan)品(pin)緊(jin)固件及壓(ya)(ya)力閥、壓(ya)(ya)力表不(bu)得擅自松動(dong)。
14、使用本產品(pin)做(zuo)高壓試(shi)驗(yan)時，出(chu)熟悉本說明書(shu)外，還必須嚴格執行國家有關標準和操作規程(cheng)。可參照GB311-83《高壓輸變設備(bei)的絕(jue)緣配合，高壓試(shi)驗(yan)技術》；《電氣設備(bei)預防性試(shi)驗(yan)規程(cheng)》等(deng)。
五、WBTQSB-25KVA/100KV交直流試驗變壓器容量選擇
標稱(cheng)試驗變壓(ya)器容量Pn的確定公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中：
Pn——標稱試驗變壓器容量(liang)(kVA)
Vn——試驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器的額(e)定輸出高壓(ya)(ya)的有效值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標稱電壓Vn≥1MV時，k=2；標稱電壓較低時，k值可取高一些。
Ct——被試品的電(dian)容量(pF)
ω——角頻率，ω=2πf， f——試(shi)驗電源的頻率
被(bei)試設(she)備的(de)電(dian)容量Ct可由交流電(dian)橋(qiao)測出。Ct的(de)變化很大，
可由(you)設備的類(lei)型而(er)定。
典型(xing)數據如下：
簡(jian)單(dan)的棒式或懸式絕緣(yuan)子 幾十微(wei)法
簡單的分級套管 100～1000pF
電壓(ya)互感器 200 ～ 500pF
電(dian)力(li)變壓器 < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA ; 1000～10000pF
高壓電力(li)電纜(lan)和油(you)浸紙絕(jue)緣 ; 250～300pF/m
氣體絕緣 ～60pF/m
封閉變(bian)電(dian)站，SF6氣體絕緣 100～10000Pf;
對于(yu)不同(tong)的試驗電壓(ya)Vn，選擇不同(tong)的(適(shi)當的)**系(xi)數k。
以下列出不同的Vn所選(xuan)用的k值供(gong)參考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2