一、WBTQSB-75KVA/150KV工頻交流試驗變壓器概述
YDQ系列高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器是根據《試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器》標準(zhun)，在油(you)(you)浸式試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)基礎(chu)上而設計生產的(de)。SF6氣體具有良好的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)緣(yuan)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)及優異的(de)滅(mie)弧性(xing)(xing)能(neng)，其耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)強度為同(tong)一壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)氮(dan)氣的(de)2.5倍(bei)，擊穿(chuan)(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)空氣的(de)2.5倍(bei)。在0.25MPa下(xia)與油(you)(you)的(de)擊穿(chuan)(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)相等，在0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)是油(you)(you)的(de)擊穿(chuan)(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)2倍(bei)，是一種(zhong)優于油(you)(you)的(de)新一代超高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)絕(jue)緣(yuan)介質材(cai)料。該產品技術要求完(wan)全符合《ZBK-41006-89》標準(zhun)，它(ta)是油(you)(you)浸式輕型試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)換代產品。該產品具有體積小(xiao)、重量輕、不受氣候變(bian)化影(ying)響、電(dian)(dian)暈小(xiao)、現場搬運無需靜(jing)止可使(shi)用(yong)，使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命長、免維修(xiu)等特(te)點。適用(yong)于電(dian)(dian)力系統、工(gong)礦(kuang)企業、科研(yan)部門等對各種(zhong)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)氣設備、電(dian)(dian)氣元件、絕(jue)緣(yuan)材(cai)料進(jin)行工(gong)頻或直流高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)的(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)強度試驗(yan)。
二、WBTQSB-75KVA/150KV工頻交流試驗變壓器產品結構
YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器(qi)采用單框芯式鐵芯結構，初級繞組(zu)繞在(zai)鐵芯上(shang)，高(gao)壓(ya)繞組(zu)在(zai)外，這種同軸布置減少了(le)漏磁通(tong)，因而(er)增大了(le)繞組(zu)間(jian)的耦合。產品的外殼為圓(yuan)柱(zhu)灌式容器(qi)結構，能(neng)耐受0.8MPa以上(shang)壓(ya)力。其結構見圖1：
三、WBTQSB-75KVA/150KV工頻交流試驗變壓器工作原理
YDQ系(xi)列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)為單相變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)，聯結組標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用(yong)(yong)工頻(pin)220V(10kVA以上(shang)為380V)電(dian)源接入(ru) (為本公司生產(chan)的試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)配套專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)設備，詳(xiang)細(xi)資料請見其具體(ti)使用(yong)(yong)說明書)系(xi)列操作(zuo)箱(臺)，經操作(zuo)箱內自偶(ou)調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(50kVA以上(shang)調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)外附)調節至(zhi)0～200V(或0～400V)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輸出至(zhi)YDQ試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的初(chu)級繞組，根據電(dian)磁(ci)感應原理，在(zai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)繞組可獲(huo)得試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)所需的高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列高壓(ya)(ya)試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的工作原(yuan)理圖(tu)見圖(tu)2。
單臺(tai)YDQ系列交直(zhi)流(liu)高(gao)壓(ya)試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器的工(gong)作原理(li)圖見圖3，圖中高(gao)壓(ya)套管中裝有高(gao)壓(ya)硅堆(dui)(dui)，串(chuan)接在高(gao)壓(ya)回路中作半波整流(liu)，以獲(huo)得直(zhi)流(liu)高(gao)電壓(ya)。當用一短路桿(gan)將高(gao)壓(ya)硅堆(dui)(dui)短接時(shi)，可獲(huo)得工(gong)頻(pin)高(gao)電壓(ya)，作為交流(liu)輸出狀態(tai)；取消短路桿(gan)時(shi)，作為直(zhi)流(liu)輸出狀態(tai)。
試(shi)驗變壓器(qi)高壓套管(guan)中(zhong)的高壓硅堆未畫出(chu)，其原理與(yu)上圖(tu)相同。
三臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更(geng)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)接(jie)線原理見圖4。串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)有很大的(de)(de)優(you)越性，因為(wei)整個(ge)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)由幾臺(tai)(tai)單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)，單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)容量小、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重量輕(qing)，便(bian)于運輸(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)安(an)裝(zhuang)。它既然可串接(jie)成(cheng)(cheng)高(gao)(gao)出(chu)(chu)幾倍的(de)(de)單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)合使用(yong)，又(you)可分(fen)(fen)開成(cheng)(cheng)幾套單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)單(dan)獨使用(yong)。整套裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)投(tou)資小，經濟實惠。圖5中，在(zai)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)每個(ge)單(dan)元(yuan)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)中都有一個(ge)勵磁繞組(zu)(zu)A1、C1和(he)(he)A2、C2。在(zai)三臺(tai)(tai)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)基本(ben)原理中，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)加(jia)在(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)a1x1上，單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都是V。勵磁繞組(zu)(zu)A1、C1給**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)勵磁繞組(zu)(zu)A2、C2給第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅱ和(he)(he)第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)箱(xiang)體分(fen)(fen)別處在(zai)對地為(wei)1V和(he)(he)2V的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)上，所以(yi)箱(xiang)體對地是絕(jue)緣的(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)箱(xiang)體是接(jie)地的(de)(de)。這(zhe)樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)對地的(de)(de)額定輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)(fen)別為(wei)1V、2V、3V；其額定容量分(fen)(fen)別為(wei)3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高壓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓器做被(bei)試(shi)品的工頻(pin)耐(nai)壓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)使用接線原理圖見圖5。
圖中：R1—限(xian)流電(dian)阻(zu)(zu) FRC—阻(zu)(zu)容分壓器 RF—球間隙(xi)保護(hu)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu) G—球間隙(xi) CX—被試品
注：高壓(ya)尾必須(xu)可靠接地
工頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中限(xian)流電(dian)阻(zu)R1應根據(ju)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)額定容(rong)量(liang)來選(xuan)擇。如高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)側(ce)額定輸出電(dian)流在100～300mA時，可取(qu)0.5～1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya))；高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)側(ce)額定輸出電(dian)流為1A以上時，可取(qu)1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya))。常用水(shui)(shui)電(dian)阻(zu)作為限(xian)流電(dian)阻(zu)，管子長度可按150kV/m考慮(lv)，管子粗細應具有足夠(gou)的(de)熱(re)容(rong)量(liang)(水(shui)(shui)阻(zu)液配制方法：用蒸餾水(shui)(shui)加入適量(liang)硫酸(suan)銅(tong)配制成各種不同的(de)阻(zu)值)。
球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隙及(ji)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)阻：當電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)超過(guo)球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隙整定值時(一般取試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的110%~120%)，球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隙放電(dian)(dian)，對被試(shi)品起到(dao)保(bao)護作(zuo)用。球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隙保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)阻可(ke)按1Ω/V(試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya))選取。
在(zai)(zai)工頻(pin)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)中，低電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表(biao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是(shi)非(fei)常準確(que)(que)的，其原因是(shi)由于試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器存(cun)在(zai)(zai)著漏抗(kang)，在(zai)(zai)這個漏抗(kang)上(shang)必然存(cun)在(zai)(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降或(huo)容升，使試(shi)品(pin)(pin)上(shang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低于或(huo)高(gao)于低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)上(shang)反映出來(lai)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻(pin)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)時，被試(shi)品(pin)(pin)上(shang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是(shi)所謂容升現象。感(gan)應(ying)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)時，試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的漏抗(kang)必然存(cun)在(zai)(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為了準確(que)(que)測(ce)量(liang)被試(shi)品(pin)(pin)上(shang)所施加(jia)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此常在(zai)(zai)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)接入FRC阻容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器來(lai)測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工頻耐壓試(shi)驗操作(zuo)注意事項(xiang)
1）試(shi)驗(yan)人員應做好分(fen)工(gong)，明確相互間聯(lian)系方法(fa)。并有專門人監(jian)護現場**及觀(guan)察(cha)試(shi)品狀態。
2）被試品(pin)應先清掃干凈，并**干燥，以免損壞被試品(pin)和試驗帶來的(de)誤(wu)差。
3）對于大(da)型試驗(yan)，一般都應(ying)先進行空升試驗(yan)。即不接試品(pin)時升壓至試驗(yan)電壓，校對各種(zhong)表計(ji)，調整球間(jian)隙。
4）升壓(ya)速度不能(neng)太快，并必須防(fang)止突(tu)(tu)然(ran)加壓(ya)。例如(ru)調壓(ya)器不在(zai)零位時(shi)突(tu)(tu)然(ran)合閘。也(ye)不能(neng)突(tu)(tu)然(ran)切(qie)斷電源，一(yi)般(ban)應在(zai)調壓(ya)器降(jiang)至零位時(shi)拉閘。
5）當電壓升至試(shi)驗(yan)電壓時，開(kai)始計時，到1min后，迅速降(jiang)壓到1/3試(shi)驗(yan)電壓以下時，才能拉開(kai)電源。
6）在升壓或耐壓試驗過程中，如發現下列(lie)不(bu)正常情況(kuang)時，應立即降壓，切(qie)斷電(dian)源。停止(zhi)試驗并查(cha)明(ming)原(yuan)因(yin)：①電(dian)壓表指針(zhen)擺動(dong)很大(da)；②發現絕(jue)緣燒焦或冒煙(yan)；③被(bei)試品內有不(bu)正常的(de)聲音。
7）耐壓試驗(yan)前后應測量絕緣電阻(zu)，檢(jian)查絕緣情況。
試驗變壓器在做被(bei)試品(pin)的直流耐壓或泄(xie)露試驗時接(jie)線原理圖如(ru)圖6。
注：此試驗(yan)應先(xian)抽出短(duan)路桿(gan)“D”，圖6中所示。
圖中：VD—高(gao)壓硅堆(dui) R1—限流電阻(zu) C1—高(gao)壓濾波電容(rong) FRC—阻(zu)容(rong)分壓器 CX—被試品 ; μA—帶保(bao)護微安表
泄(xie)露試(shi)驗中限(xian)(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R1選擇在額定輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時，輸出端短(duan)路電(dian)(dian)流(liu)不超過高(gao)壓(ya)硅堆的(de)*大整流(liu)。如(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)硅堆的(de)*大整流(liu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)為(wei)100mA時用(yong)于60kV的(de)試(shi)驗裝置(zhi)中，限(xian)(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)按(an)R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇。限(xian)(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)還應具有(you)足夠(gou)的(de)容(rong)量和沿面放電(dian)(dian)距(ju)離(li)。
高壓濾波(bo)電(dian)(dian)容C1一般選擇在(zai)0.01~0.1μF，當被試品的電(dian)(dian)容量(liang)很大時，C1可省略不用。
泄露試驗的操(cao)作及注意事項
1）試(shi)驗(yan)前(qian)應(ying)先檢查被試(shi)品是(shi)否停電，接(jie)地放(fang)電，一切對外連線是(shi)否擦(ca)干凈(jing)。要(yao)嚴防將試(shi)驗(yan)電壓加到有人工作(zuo)的部位上去。
2）接(jie)好試(shi)驗(yan)裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)接(jie)線后，應復查無誤(wu)后才可加壓。應特別注意(yi)檢查高壓設備及引線與地(di)、與操(cao)作人員的(de)(de)**距離，被試(shi)品的(de)(de)外殼(ke)是否可靠接(jie)地(di)，要按**規程中所規定(ding)的(de)(de)內容(rong)進(jin)行試(shi)驗(yan)。
3）對于大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容量設備應(ying)緩(huan)慢升(sheng)壓，防(fang)止被試品的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流燒壞微安表。必要時(shi)應(ying)分級(ji)加壓，分別(bie)讀取各級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下微安表的穩定讀數。
4）試(shi)驗過程中(zhong)，應(ying)(ying)密切(qie)監視被試(shi)品、試(shi)驗裝置、微安表，一旦發生擊(ji)穿、閃爍等(deng)異(yi)常現象應(ying)(ying)立即(ji)降壓，切(qie)斷電源(yuan)，并(bing)查明原(yuan)因，詳細記錄。
5）試(shi)驗完畢，降(jiang)壓，切(qie)斷(duan)電源后應將被試(shi)品及試(shi)驗裝置本身充(chong)分放(fang)電。
四、WBTQSB-75KVA/150KV工頻交流試驗變壓器注意事項
1、按照您所進(jin)行的(de)(de)試(shi)驗接好(hao)工作(zuo)線(xian)路。試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器的(de)(de)外殼(ke)以及(ji)操作(zuo)系統(tong)的(de)(de)外殼(ke)必須可(ke)靠接地(di)。試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)繞(rao)組的(de)(de)X端(duan)(duan)(高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)尾)以及(ji)測(ce)量繞(rao)組的(de)(de)F端(duan)(duan)必須可(ke)靠接地(di)。
2、做串級試(shi)驗時，**級、第三級試(shi)驗變(bian)壓器的(de)(de)低壓繞(rao)組的(de)(de)X端，測量繞(rao)組的(de)(de)F端以及高壓繞(rao)組的(de)(de)X端(高壓尾)均(jun)接本級試(shi)驗變(bian)壓器的(de)(de)外殼。**級、第三級試(shi)驗變(bian)壓器的(de)(de)外殼必須(xu)通過絕(jue)緣支(zhi)架接地。
3、接(jie)通電(dian)源前，操(cao)作(zuo)系統的調壓(ya)器(qi)必須調到零位后方可接(jie)通電(dian)源，合閘，開始(shi)升(sheng)壓(ya)。
4、從(cong)零開始(shi)均(jun)勻(yun)旋轉調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器手輪升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)有：快速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)，即(ji)20s逐(zhu)級(ji)(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)；慢速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)，即(ji)60s逐(zhu)級(ji)(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)；極慢速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)供選用。電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)從(cong)零開始(shi)按一定的(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)式和速(su)(su)度(du)上升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您(nin)所(suo)需(xu)的(de)額(e)(e)定試(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)75%后，在以(yi)每秒2%額(e)(e)定試(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)速(su)(su)度(du)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您(nin)所(suo)需(xu)的(de)額(e)(e)定電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，并密(mi)切(qie)(qie)注意測(ce)量儀(yi)表(biao)的(de)指示以(yi)及被試(shi)品的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過程中(zhong)或試(shi)驗(yan)過程中(zhong)如發現測(ce)量儀(yi)表(biao)的(de)指示及被試(shi)品情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)異常，應(ying)立(li)即(ji)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，切(qie)(qie)斷電源，查明情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)。
5、試驗(yan)完畢(bi)后(hou)，應(ying)在數(shu)秒內勻速(su)的將調壓器返回至零位(wei)，然(ran)后(hou)切斷電源。
6、本產(chan)品不得超(chao)過額定參數使(shi)用。除試驗必須外，決不允許全電壓(ya)通電或斷(duan)電。
7、再升(sheng)壓或耐(nai)壓試驗過程中(zhong)，如發現以下不正常(chang)情況時，應立即降壓，切斷(duan)電源，停止試驗并查明原因(yin)。
⑴電(dian)壓(ya)表指針擺動(或數字跳動)很大(da)
⑵電(dian)流表直(zhi)線上升
被試品內有(you)不正常(chang)的聲音
8、圖1中第(di)9項(xiang)系壓(ya)力閥及壓(ya)力表，為(wei)長(chang)期關(guan)閉(bi)(bi)狀(zhuang)態。每6個月開閥一(yi)次，以檢查SF6壓(ya)力，應(ying)不小于0.2MPa(檢查壓(ya)力后(hou)立即關(guan)閉(bi)(bi)閥門)，低于0.2MPa時(shi)應(ying)加(jia)SF6氣(qi)(qi)體，以增加(jia)氣(qi)(qi)絕(jue)緣。
9、耐壓(ya)實驗前(qian)后應測量被試設備的絕緣電阻，檢(jian)查(cha)絕緣情況。
10、當試驗變壓器長期(qi)不使(shi)用時，應放(fang)置于通風、干(gan)燥、無陽(yang)光直射的地方。
11、該產品不允許(xu)在高于45℃的溫度下長期存放、使用、放氣(qi)。
12、運輸搬運途(tu)中不得重力沖擊。
13、產品緊固(gu)件及壓(ya)力(li)(li)閥(fa)、壓(ya)力(li)(li)表(biao)不得擅自松動(dong)。
14、使用本產品(pin)做高壓(ya)試(shi)驗時(shi)，出(chu)熟悉本說明書外，還必須嚴格執行國家(jia)有關標準和操(cao)作規程(cheng)。可參照GB311-83《高壓(ya)輸變設備(bei)的絕緣(yuan)配合，高壓(ya)試(shi)驗技術》；《電氣設備(bei)預(yu)防(fang)性(xing)試(shi)驗規程(cheng)》等。
五、WBTQSB-75KVA/150KV工頻交流試驗變壓器容量選擇
標稱試驗變壓器容(rong)量Pn的確定公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中(zhong)：
Pn——標稱試(shi)驗變壓器容(rong)量(kVA)
Vn——試驗變壓器的(de)額(e)定輸出高(gao)壓的(de)有(you)效(xiao)值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標稱(cheng)電(dian)壓(ya)Vn≥1MV時，k=2；標稱(cheng)電(dian)壓(ya)較低(di)時，k值可取高一些。
Ct——被試(shi)品的電容量(pF)
ω——角頻率(lv)(lv)，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源的頻率(lv)(lv)
被試(shi)設備的電(dian)容量Ct可(ke)由交(jiao)流電(dian)橋測出。Ct的變化(hua)很大，
可(ke)由(you)設備的(de)類型而定。
典(dian)型數據如下：
簡(jian)單的(de)棒式(shi)或(huo)懸式(shi)絕緣子 幾十(shi)微法
簡單的分級(ji)套(tao)管 100～1000pF
電壓互(hu)感(gan)器 200 ～ 500pF
電力變壓器 ; < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高壓電力(li)電纜和油浸(jin)紙絕(jue)緣 250～300pF/m
氣體絕緣 ～60pF/m
封閉(bi)變電站，SF6氣體絕緣 100～10000Pf;
對于不同的試驗電(dian)壓(ya)Vn，選擇不同的(適當(dang)的)**系數(shu)k。
以(yi)下列出不同的Vn所(suo)選用的k值(zhi)供(gong)參(can)考。
Vn =50~100kV ; k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2