一、WBTQSB-30KVA/150KV交流耐壓試驗變壓器概述
YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)是(shi)根據《試驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)》標(biao)準，在(zai)油浸式試驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上而設(she)計生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)體具有良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)絕緣性能及優(you)異的(de)(de)(de)(de)滅弧性能，其(qi)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強度為同一(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下(xia)氮氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍，擊穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍。在(zai)0.25MPa下(xia)與油的(de)(de)(de)(de)擊穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相等(deng)，在(zai)0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下(xia)是(shi)油的(de)(de)(de)(de)擊穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍，是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)優(you)于油的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)一(yi)代超高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)絕緣介(jie)質材料(liao)。該產(chan)(chan)品技術要求完全(quan)符合《ZBK-41006-89》標(biao)準，它是(shi)油浸式輕型(xing)試驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)換代產(chan)(chan)品。該產(chan)(chan)品具有體積小、重(zhong)量輕、不受氣(qi)候變(bian)化影響、電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)小、現場搬運無需靜止(zhi)可使用(yong)(yong)，使用(yong)(yong)壽命長、免維(wei)修等(deng)特點。適用(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)、工礦企(qi)業、科(ke)研部(bu)門等(deng)對各種(zhong)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備、電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)元件、絕緣材料(liao)進(jin)行工頻(pin)或(huo)直流高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕緣強度試驗。
二、WBTQSB-30KVA/150KV交流耐壓試驗變壓器產品結構
YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器(qi)采用單框芯(xin)式鐵(tie)芯(xin)結構，初級繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)繞(rao)(rao)在(zai)鐵(tie)芯(xin)上，高壓(ya)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)在(zai)外(wai)，這種同軸布置減少了漏磁(ci)通，因而增大了繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)間的耦(ou)合(he)。產品的外(wai)殼為圓柱灌式容器(qi)結構，能耐受0.8MPa以上壓(ya)力(li)。其結構見圖1：
三、WBTQSB-30KVA/150KV交流耐壓試驗變壓器工作原理
YDQ系(xi)列高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)為單相變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，聯結組標號(hao)Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用(yong)工頻(pin)220V(10kVA以上為380V)電(dian)源接(jie)入 (為本公(gong)司生產的(de)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)配套專用(yong)設備，詳(xiang)細資料請見其具體使用(yong)說明(ming)書)系(xi)列操作箱(臺)，經操作箱內(nei)自偶調(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(50kVA以上調(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)外附)調(diao)(diao)節至0～200V(或(huo)0～400V)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輸出至YDQ試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)初級繞組，根據(ju)電(dian)磁感應原(yuan)理，在(zai)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)繞組可獲得(de)試(shi)驗(yan)所需的(de)高電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的工作原理圖見圖2。
單臺YDQ系列交直流(liu)高壓(ya)(ya)試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的工(gong)作原(yuan)理圖(tu)見(jian)圖(tu)3，圖(tu)中高壓(ya)(ya)套(tao)管(guan)中裝有(you)高壓(ya)(ya)硅堆，串(chuan)接(jie)在(zai)高壓(ya)(ya)回路中作半(ban)波整流(liu)，以獲(huo)得直流(liu)高電壓(ya)(ya)。當用一短(duan)路桿(gan)將高壓(ya)(ya)硅堆短(duan)接(jie)時，可獲(huo)得工(gong)頻高電壓(ya)(ya)，作為(wei)交流(liu)輸出狀態；取消短(duan)路桿(gan)時，作為(wei)直流(liu)輸出狀態。
試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器高壓(ya)套管中(zhong)的高壓(ya)硅堆未畫出，其原(yuan)理(li)與上圖(tu)相同(tong)。
三(san)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更高電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)接(jie)線原(yuan)理(li)見圖(tu)4。串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)很大(da)的(de)優(you)越性，因為(wei)整(zheng)個試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝置由幾臺(tai)(tai)單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容量(liang)小、電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)、重量(liang)輕，便于運輸(shu)(shu)和(he)安裝。它(ta)既然可(ke)串接(jie)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)高出(chu)幾倍(bei)的(de)單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)合使(shi)用，又可(ke)分開(kai)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)幾套(tao)單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)獨使(shi)用。整(zheng)套(tao)裝置投資小，經濟實惠。圖(tu)5中(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)每個單(dan)元試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)有(you)一(yi)個勵磁(ci)(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)A1、C1和(he)A2、C2。在(zai)(zai)(zai)三(san)臺(tai)(tai)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原(yuan)理(li)中(zhong)(zhong)，低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電源加(jia)在(zai)(zai)(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)a1x1上(shang)(shang)，單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都(dou)是(shi)V。勵磁(ci)(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)A1、C1給(gei)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)供(gong)(gong)電；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)勵磁(ci)(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)A2、C2給(gei)第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)供(gong)(gong)電。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)箱(xiang)(xiang)體分別(bie)處在(zai)(zai)(zai)對(dui)地(di)為(wei)1V和(he)2V的(de)高電位上(shang)(shang)，所(suo)以箱(xiang)(xiang)體對(dui)地(di)是(shi)絕緣的(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)箱(xiang)(xiang)體是(shi)接(jie)地(di)的(de)。這樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)地(di)的(de)額定輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分別(bie)為(wei)1V、2V、3V；其額定容量(liang)分別(bie)為(wei)3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器做被試品的工頻耐壓(ya)試驗使用接線原(yuan)理圖見圖5。
圖中：R1—限流電阻 FRC—阻容分壓(ya)器 RF—球間隙保護(hu)電阻 G—球間隙 CX—被試品
注：高壓尾必須可靠接地(di)
工(gong)頻耐壓試驗中限(xian)(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)R1應根據(ju)試驗變壓器的額定容(rong)量(liang)來選擇(ze)。如高壓側(ce)額定輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在100～300mA時，可(ke)取(qu)0.5～1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓)；高壓側(ce)額定輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為1A以上時，可(ke)取(qu)1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓)。常用(yong)水電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)作為限(xian)(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，管子長(chang)度可(ke)按(an)150kV/m考慮，管子粗細(xi)應具(ju)有足夠(gou)的熱容(rong)量(liang)(水阻(zu)(zu)液配制方法：用(yong)蒸餾水加(jia)入適量(liang)硫酸銅配制成各種不同的阻(zu)(zu)值)。
球間隙及(ji)保護電(dian)(dian)阻：當電(dian)(dian)壓超過(guo)球間隙整(zheng)定(ding)值時(一般取(qu)試驗電(dian)(dian)壓的110%~120%)，球間隙放(fang)電(dian)(dian)，對被試品(pin)起到保護作用(yong)。球間隙保護電(dian)(dian)阻可按(an)1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)(dian)壓)選取(qu)。
在(zai)(zai)工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中，低電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是非常(chang)(chang)準確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，其原因是由于試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器存在(zai)(zai)著漏(lou)(lou)抗，在(zai)(zai)這個(ge)漏(lou)(lou)抗上(shang)必然(ran)存在(zai)(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降或容(rong)升，使試(shi)(shi)(shi)品上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低于或高于低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表上(shang)反映出(chu)(chu)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時，被(bei)(bei)試(shi)(shi)(shi)品上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是所(suo)謂容(rong)升現象。感應耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時，試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漏(lou)(lou)抗必然(ran)存在(zai)(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為了準確(que)測量(liang)被(bei)(bei)試(shi)(shi)(shi)品上(shang)所(suo)施加的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此常(chang)(chang)在(zai)(zai)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側接入FRC阻容(rong)分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器來測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖(tu)5)。
工(gong)頻耐(nai)壓試驗操作(zuo)注意事項
1）試(shi)驗人員(yuan)應(ying)做好分工(gong)，明確相互間聯系方法。并(bing)有專(zhuan)門人監護現場**及觀察試(shi)品狀態。
2）被(bei)試(shi)品應先清(qing)掃干凈，并**干燥(zao)，以免損壞被(bei)試(shi)品和試(shi)驗帶(dai)來(lai)的誤差。
3）對于大型(xing)試(shi)驗(yan)，一般(ban)都應先進行空(kong)升試(shi)驗(yan)。即不接試(shi)品(pin)時升壓至試(shi)驗(yan)電壓，校對各(ge)種表(biao)計，調整球間隙。
4）升壓速度不能(neng)太快，并(bing)必須(xu)防止突然(ran)加壓。例如調壓器(qi)不在(zai)零位時突然(ran)合(he)閘。也不能(neng)突然(ran)切(qie)斷電(dian)源(yuan)，一般應在(zai)調壓器(qi)降至零位時拉閘。
5）當電壓(ya)升至試(shi)驗電壓(ya)時，開始(shi)計(ji)時，到1min后，迅速降壓(ya)到1/3試(shi)驗電壓(ya)以下時，才(cai)能拉開電源。
6）在升壓(ya)或(huo)耐壓(ya)試驗過程中，如(ru)發(fa)現下列不正常情(qing)況時(shi)，應立即降壓(ya)，切(qie)斷電(dian)源(yuan)。停止試驗并(bing)查明(ming)原因：①電(dian)壓(ya)表指針擺動(dong)很大；②發(fa)現絕緣燒焦或(huo)冒(mao)煙；③被試品內有不正常的聲音。
7）耐壓試驗(yan)前后應測量(liang)絕緣(yuan)電阻，檢查絕緣(yuan)情況。
試驗變(bian)壓器在做被試品的直流耐壓或泄(xie)露試驗時接線(xian)原理圖(tu)(tu)如圖(tu)(tu)6。
注：此(ci)試驗(yan)應先抽出短路桿“D”，圖6中所(suo)示。
圖(tu)中：VD—高壓硅堆 R1—限(xian)流電阻 C1—高壓濾波電容 FRC—阻容分壓器 CX—被試品 μA—帶保護(hu)微(wei)安(an)表(biao)
泄露試驗(yan)中限(xian)(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻R1選擇在額(e)定輸出電(dian)壓(ya)時，輸出端短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)流(liu)不超過高壓(ya)硅堆的(de)(de)*大整流(liu)。如電(dian)壓(ya)硅堆的(de)(de)*大整流(liu)電(dian)流(liu)為100mA時用于60kV的(de)(de)試驗(yan)裝置中，限(xian)(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇。限(xian)(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻還應具有足(zu)夠的(de)(de)容(rong)量和(he)沿面放(fang)電(dian)距離。
高壓濾波電容C1一般選擇在(zai)0.01~0.1μF，當被試品(pin)的電容量很大時，C1可(ke)省(sheng)略(lve)不用。
泄露(lu)試驗(yan)的操(cao)作及注(zhu)意事項(xiang)
1）試驗前應先檢查被(bei)試品是(shi)(shi)否停電，接(jie)地放電，一切(qie)對外連線是(shi)(shi)否擦干凈。要(yao)嚴(yan)防(fang)將試驗電壓加(jia)到有(you)人(ren)工作的(de)部位上去。
2）接(jie)(jie)好試(shi)驗(yan)裝(zhuang)置的(de)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)后，應(ying)復(fu)查(cha)無誤后才可加壓。應(ying)特別注意檢(jian)查(cha)高壓設備及引線(xian)與(yu)地、與(yu)操(cao)作(zuo)人員的(de)**距(ju)離，被試(shi)品(pin)的(de)外殼是否(fou)可靠接(jie)(jie)地，要按(an)**規(gui)程中所(suo)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)內容進行試(shi)驗(yan)。
3）對于大電(dian)容量設(she)備應緩慢升壓，防止被(bei)試品(pin)的充電(dian)電(dian)流燒壞微安表。必要時應分級(ji)加壓，分別(bie)讀取(qu)各級(ji)電(dian)壓下(xia)微安表的穩定讀數(shu)。
4）試(shi)驗過程中，應(ying)密切監視(shi)被(bei)試(shi)品、試(shi)驗裝置、微安表，一旦(dan)發生擊穿、閃爍等異常現象應(ying)立即降壓，切斷電(dian)源(yuan)，并查明(ming)原因，詳(xiang)細記錄。
5）試(shi)驗完畢，降壓，切斷電源后應將(jiang)被試(shi)品及試(shi)驗裝置(zhi)本身充(chong)分放電。
四、WBTQSB-30KVA/150KV交流耐壓試驗變壓器注意事項
1、按(an)照您所進行的(de)試驗接好(hao)工作(zuo)線路。試驗變壓器的(de)外殼以(yi)及操作(zuo)系統的(de)外殼必須可(ke)靠接地。試驗變壓器高(gao)壓繞(rao)組(zu)的(de)X端(duan)(duan)(高(gao)壓尾)以(yi)及測量繞(rao)組(zu)的(de)F端(duan)(duan)必須可(ke)靠接地。
2、做串級(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)(yan)時，**級(ji)(ji)、第三級(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)的(de)(de)X端(duan)，測(ce)量繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)的(de)(de)F端(duan)以及(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)的(de)(de)X端(duan)(高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)尾(wei))均(jun)接(jie)本(ben)級(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)外殼。**級(ji)(ji)、第三級(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)外殼必須通過絕緣(yuan)支架接(jie)地。
3、接通電源前，操作(zuo)系統的調壓器必須調到零位(wei)后方可接通電源，合閘，開始(shi)升壓。
4、從零(ling)開(kai)始(shi)均勻旋(xuan)轉調壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)手輪升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)方法有：快速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法，即20s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法；慢速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法，即60s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法；極慢速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法供選(xuan)用。電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)從零(ling)開(kai)始(shi)按一定(ding)(ding)(ding)的升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)方式和速(su)度(du)上升(sheng)(sheng)到您所(suo)需的額定(ding)(ding)(ding)試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的75%后，在(zai)以每(mei)秒2%額定(ding)(ding)(ding)試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的速(su)度(du)升(sheng)(sheng)到您所(suo)需的額定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，并密切注意測(ce)量儀表的指示(shi)以及被(bei)試(shi)品的情(qing)況。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)過程(cheng)中或試(shi)驗過程(cheng)中如發(fa)現測(ce)量儀表的指示(shi)及被(bei)試(shi)品情(qing)況異(yi)常，應立即降壓(ya)(ya)，切斷電(dian)源，查明情(qing)況。
5、試驗完畢后，應在數秒內勻速的將(jiang)調壓(ya)器返(fan)回至零位(wei)，然后切斷電源。
6、本產(chan)品(pin)不(bu)得超過額(e)定參數使用。除(chu)試驗必須外，決不(bu)允許全電(dian)壓通電(dian)或斷電(dian)。
7、再升壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗過程中，如發(fa)現以下(xia)不正(zheng)常情況時，應立(li)即降壓(ya)，切斷電源，停止試(shi)驗并查明(ming)原因。
⑴電壓表(biao)指針擺動(dong)(或數字跳動(dong))很大(da)
⑵電(dian)流表(biao)直(zhi)線上升
被(bei)試品內有不正常的(de)聲音
8、圖1中第9項系壓(ya)力(li)閥及壓(ya)力(li)表，為(wei)長期關閉狀態。每6個(ge)月開閥一次(ci)，以(yi)檢查SF6壓(ya)力(li)，應不小于(yu)0.2MPa(檢查壓(ya)力(li)后立即關閉閥門)，低(di)于(yu)0.2MPa時(shi)應加SF6氣(qi)體，以(yi)增加氣(qi)絕緣。
9、耐壓實驗前后應測(ce)量(liang)被試(shi)設備的絕緣電阻，檢(jian)查(cha)絕緣情況。
10、當試驗變壓器長期不(bu)使用時(shi)，應放置于通風(feng)、干燥、無(wu)陽光直射(she)的地方(fang)。
11、該(gai)產品不允許在高于45℃的溫(wen)度(du)下(xia)長(chang)期存放、使用(yong)、放氣(qi)。
12、運(yun)輸(shu)搬運(yun)途(tu)中不得重力沖擊。
13、產品緊固件及壓(ya)力閥、壓(ya)力表不得(de)擅自松動。
14、使用本(ben)產(chan)品做高壓試(shi)驗時，出熟悉本(ben)說明書外(wai)，還必須(xu)嚴格執行國家(jia)有(you)關(guan)標準和操(cao)作規程。可(ke)參照GB311-83《高壓輸變設備(bei)(bei)的絕緣配合，高壓試(shi)驗技術》；《電(dian)氣設備(bei)(bei)預(yu)防性試(shi)驗規程》等(deng)。
五、WBTQSB-30KVA/150KV交流耐壓試驗變壓器容量選擇
標稱試驗(yan)變(bian)壓器(qi)容量(liang)Pn的確定公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中：
Pn——標稱試驗變壓(ya)器(qi)容量(kVA)
Vn——試驗變壓(ya)器(qi)的額(e)定(ding)輸出(chu)高壓(ya)的有效值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標稱(cheng)電壓(ya)Vn≥1MV時(shi)(shi)，k=2；標稱(cheng)電壓(ya)較低時(shi)(shi)，k值可取(qu)高(gao)一些。
Ct——被試品的電容量(pF)
ω——角頻率(lv)，ω=2πf， f——試驗(yan)電源的(de)頻率(lv)
被試設備的(de)電容量(liang)Ct可(ke)由交流電橋測出。Ct的(de)變化很大，
可由設備的類型而(er)定(ding)。
典型數據如(ru)下：
簡單(dan)的棒式(shi)(shi)或懸式(shi)(shi)絕(jue)緣子 ;幾十微法(fa)
簡單(dan)的分(fen)級套管 100～1000pF
電壓(ya)互感器 200 ～ 500pF
電(dian)力變壓器(qi) < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高壓(ya)電力(li)電纜和油浸紙絕緣 250～300pF/m
氣體絕緣 ～60pF/m
封閉(bi)變電站(zhan)，SF6氣體絕緣 ; 100～10000Pf;
對于(yu)不同(tong)的試驗電壓(ya)Vn，選(xuan)擇不同(tong)的(適當的)**系數k。
以下列出不同的Vn所選用(yong)的k值供參考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2