一(yi)、WBTQSB-100KVA/100KV交流耐壓試驗變壓器概述
YDQ系(xi)列(lie)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)是(shi)(shi)根(gen)據《試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)》標準,在油(you)浸(jin)式(shi)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)基礎上而設計生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣體具(ju)有(you)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)性能(neng)及優(you)(you)異的(de)(de)(de)滅弧性能(neng),其耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強(qiang)度(du)為(wei)同一(yi)(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下(xia)(xia)氮氣的(de)(de)(de)2.5倍,擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)空氣的(de)(de)(de)2.5倍。在0.25MPa下(xia)(xia)與油(you)的(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相等,在0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下(xia)(xia)是(shi)(shi)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)2倍,是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)優(you)(you)于油(you)的(de)(de)(de)新一(yi)(yi)代超高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)介質材(cai)料。該(gai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)技術要求完全(quan)符合(he)《ZBK-41006-89》標準,它是(shi)(shi)油(you)浸(jin)式(shi)輕(qing)型試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)換代產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。該(gai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)具(ju)有(you)體積小(xiao)、重(zhong)量(liang)輕(qing)、不受(shou)氣候變化影響、電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈小(xiao)、現場搬運無需靜止可使用(yong),使用(yong)壽命長、免(mian)維修等特點。適用(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統、工(gong)(gong)礦企業、科研部(bu)門等對各種(zhong)(zhong)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備、電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣元(yuan)件、絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)料進(jin)行工(gong)(gong)頻或(huo)直流高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)強(qiang)度(du)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。
二、WBTQSB-100KVA/100KV交流耐壓試驗變壓器產品結構
YDQ系(xi)列高(gao)壓試驗變(bian)壓器(qi)采(cai)用單框(kuang)芯(xin)式鐵芯(xin)結(jie)(jie)構,初級繞組繞在鐵芯(xin)上(shang),高(gao)壓繞組在外(wai),這種同(tong)軸布置減少(shao)了漏磁通,因(yin)而增大了繞組間的(de)耦合。產品(pin)的(de)外(wai)殼為(wei)圓柱灌式容器(qi)結(jie)(jie)構,能(neng)耐(nai)受(shou)0.8MPa以上(shang)壓力。其結(jie)(jie)構見圖1:
三、WBTQSB-100KVA/100KV交流耐壓試驗變壓器工作原理
YDQ系列(lie)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)為(wei)單相(xiang)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi),聯結組(zu)標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用工頻(pin)220V(10kVA以上為(wei)380V)電源接入 (為(wei)本公(gong)司生產的(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)配套專(zhuan)用設備,詳細(xi)資料請見其具體使用說(shuo)明(ming)書(shu))系列(lie)操作箱(臺),經操作箱內自偶調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(50kVA以上調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)外附)調節至(zhi)0~200V(或(huo)0~400V)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輸出(chu)至(zhi)YDQ試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)初級繞(rao)組(zu),根據電磁感(gan)應原理,在試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)可獲得(de)試(shi)驗(yan)所需的(de)(de)高(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列高壓試(shi)驗變壓器的工作原理圖見圖2。
單臺(tai)YDQ系列交(jiao)(jiao)直流高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)工作(zuo)原理圖見(jian)圖3,圖中高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)套管中裝(zhuang)有(you)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)硅(gui)堆(dui),串接在高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)回路(lu)中作(zuo)半波(bo)整流,以獲得直流高(gao)(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)。當用一短路(lu)桿將高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)硅(gui)堆(dui)短接時,可獲得工頻高(gao)(gao)電壓(ya)(ya),作(zuo)為交(jiao)(jiao)流輸出狀態(tai);取消短路(lu)桿時,作(zuo)為直流輸出狀態(tai)。
試驗變壓器(qi)高(gao)壓套管中的(de)高(gao)壓硅堆(dui)未畫出,其原理與上圖相(xiang)同(tong)。
三(san)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更高(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)線原理(li)見圖4。串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)有(you)很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)優越性,因為整個試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗裝(zhuang)置(zhi)由幾(ji)臺(tai)(tai)單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成,單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)容量小(xiao)(xiao)、電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)、重量輕,便于運輸(shu)和安裝(zhuang)。它(ta)既然可串接(jie)成高(gao)出幾(ji)倍的(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)(zu)合使(shi)(shi)用,又可分(fen)開成幾(ji)套單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)單(dan)(dan)獨使(shi)(shi)用。整套裝(zhuang)置(zhi)投資小(xiao)(xiao),經(jing)濟實惠。圖5中(zhong),在**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)每個單(dan)(dan)元試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)都(dou)有(you)一個勵磁繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1和A2、C2。在三(san)臺(tai)(tai)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)基本原理(li)中(zhong),低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電源加(jia)在試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)a1x1上,單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)都(dou)是(shi)V。勵磁繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1給**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)供電;**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)勵磁繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)A2、C2給第(di)三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)供電。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和第(di)三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)體分(fen)別處(chu)在對(dui)地為1V和2V的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)電位上,所以箱(xiang)體對(dui)地是(shi)絕緣(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de),試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)體是(shi)接(jie)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)對(dui)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)額定輸(shu)出電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)別為1V、2V、3V;其額定容量分(fen)別為3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系(xi)列高壓試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器做被試(shi)品的(de)工頻耐壓試(shi)驗(yan)使(shi)用(yong)接(jie)線原理圖見圖5。
圖中(zhong):R1—限(xian)流電(dian)阻(zu) FRC—阻(zu)容分壓器 RF—球(qiu)間隙保(bao)護電(dian)阻(zu) G—球(qiu)間隙 CX—被試品
注:高壓尾必須可靠接地(di)
工頻耐(nai)壓試(shi)驗(yan)中限(xian)流電(dian)阻R1應根據試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓器的(de)額定容量(liang)來(lai)選擇。如高壓側(ce)額定輸出電(dian)流在100~300mA時,可取0.5~1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓);高壓側(ce)額定輸出電(dian)流為1A以上時,可取1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓)。常用(yong)水(shui)電(dian)阻作為限(xian)流電(dian)阻,管子長(chang)度可按150kV/m考慮,管子粗細應具有足夠(gou)的(de)熱容量(liang)(水(shui)阻液配制方法:用(yong)蒸餾水(shui)加入適量(liang)硫酸(suan)銅(tong)配制成(cheng)各(ge)種(zhong)不同的(de)阻值)。
球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)及保護(hu)電阻:當電壓超過(guo)球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)整定值(zhi)時(shi)(一般取(qu)試(shi)驗電壓的110%~120%),球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)放電,對被(bei)試(shi)品起(qi)到保護(hu)作用(yong)。球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)保護(hu)電阻可按1Ω/V(試(shi)驗電壓)選(xuan)取(qu)。
在(zai)(zai)工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)中,低(di)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)側測(ce)(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya))不是非常準(zhun)確(que)的(de)(de)(de),其原因是由于試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)存在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)漏抗(kang),在(zai)(zai)這個漏抗(kang)上(shang)必然存在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)降或容升,使試(shi)品(pin)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低(di)于或高(gao)于低(di)壓(ya)(ya)側測(ce)(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)表上(shang)反映(ying)出來的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)時,被(bei)(bei)試(shi)品(pin)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高(gao)于試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya),也(ye)就是所謂容升現象。感應(ying)耐壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)時,試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)漏抗(kang)必然存在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)降。為了準(zhun)確(que)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)被(bei)(bei)試(shi)品(pin)上(shang)所施加的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya),因此(ci)常在(zai)(zai)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)側接入FRC阻容分(fen)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)來測(ce)(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(見(jian)圖5)。
工頻(pin)耐壓試驗操作注意事項(xiang)
1)試驗人(ren)員應(ying)做(zuo)好分工,明確相互間聯系方(fang)法。并有專門(men)人(ren)監護現(xian)場(chang)**及(ji)觀察(cha)試品狀態。
2)被試(shi)品應(ying)先清掃干凈(jing),并**干燥,以(yi)免損壞被試(shi)品和試(shi)驗(yan)帶來的誤(wu)差。
3)對(dui)于大型試驗(yan),一般(ban)都應先(xian)進(jin)行空升試驗(yan)。即不接試品時升壓(ya)至(zhi)試驗(yan)電壓(ya),校對(dui)各種表計,調整球間(jian)隙。
4)升壓速度(du)不能太快,并必須防止(zhi)突然(ran)加壓。例如調(diao)壓器不在零位時突然(ran)合閘。也不能突然(ran)切斷電源,一般應(ying)在調(diao)壓器降至(zhi)零位時拉閘。
5)當電壓升(sheng)至(zhi)試(shi)驗電壓時,開(kai)始(shi)計時,到(dao)1min后(hou),迅速降壓到(dao)1/3試(shi)驗電壓以下時,才能(neng)拉開(kai)電源。
6)在(zai)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)或(huo)耐壓(ya)(ya)試驗過程中,如發現下(xia)列不(bu)正常情況時,應立即降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya),切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源。停止(zhi)試驗并查明原因:①電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)表指針擺動很大;②發現絕(jue)緣(yuan)燒(shao)焦或(huo)冒煙;③被(bei)試品內(nei)有不(bu)正常的聲音。
7)耐壓試驗前后應測量(liang)絕緣電阻,檢(jian)查絕緣情(qing)況。
試(shi)驗變壓器在(zai)做被(bei)試(shi)品的直(zhi)流(liu)耐壓或(huo)泄露試(shi)驗時接(jie)線原理圖如(ru)圖6。
注:此(ci)試驗應先抽(chou)出(chu)短路桿“D”,圖6中(zhong)所示。
圖(tu)中:VD—高壓硅堆 R1—限(xian)流電阻(zu) C1—高壓濾波電容(rong) FRC—阻(zu)容(rong)分壓器 CX—被試(shi)品 μA—帶保(bao)護微(wei)安表
泄露試驗中(zhong)限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)R1選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)在額定輸出(chu)電(dian)壓時,輸出(chu)端(duan)短路電(dian)流(liu)不(bu)超過(guo)高(gao)壓硅堆(dui)(dui)的(de)*大整流(liu)。如電(dian)壓硅堆(dui)(dui)的(de)*大整流(liu)電(dian)流(liu)為100mA時用(yong)于60kV的(de)試驗裝置(zhi)中(zhong),限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)。限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)還(huan)應具有足夠的(de)容(rong)量和沿面放電(dian)距離。
高壓濾波電容(rong)(rong)C1一般選擇(ze)在0.01~0.1μF,當被(bei)試品的(de)電容(rong)(rong)量很大時,C1可省略不用。
泄(xie)露試驗(yan)的(de)操作及注意事項
1)試(shi)(shi)驗前(qian)應先檢查被試(shi)(shi)品(pin)是否停電(dian),接地放電(dian),一切對外(wai)連線是否擦干凈。要(yao)嚴防將試(shi)(shi)驗電(dian)壓加(jia)到有人工作的部位上去(qu)。
2)接(jie)好試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)裝置的接(jie)線后,應復(fu)查(cha)無誤后才可加壓。應特別注意(yi)檢查(cha)高壓設備及引線與地、與操作人(ren)員的**距離,被試(shi)(shi)品的外殼是否可靠接(jie)地,要按**規(gui)程(cheng)中所規(gui)定的內容進行試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。
3)對于大電(dian)容量(liang)設備應緩(huan)慢(man)升壓(ya),防止被試品的充電(dian)電(dian)流燒壞微(wei)安(an)表(biao)。必要時應分(fen)級(ji)加(jia)壓(ya),分(fen)別讀取各級(ji)電(dian)壓(ya)下微(wei)安(an)表(biao)的穩定(ding)讀數(shu)。
4)試(shi)驗(yan)過(guo)程(cheng)中,應密切監(jian)視被試(shi)品(pin)、試(shi)驗(yan)裝置、微安表,一旦發生擊(ji)穿、閃爍等異常現象應立即降壓,切斷電(dian)源,并(bing)查明(ming)原因(yin),詳細(xi)記錄。
5)試驗(yan)完畢(bi),降壓,切斷(duan)電源(yuan)后應將被試品及試驗(yan)裝置本身充分放(fang)電。
四、WBTQSB-100KVA/100KV交流耐壓試驗變壓器注意事項
1、按照您(nin)所進行(xing)的(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)接(jie)好工作(zuo)(zuo)線路。試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)殼以及(ji)操作(zuo)(zuo)系統(tong)的(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)殼必須(xu)可(ke)靠接(jie)地。試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)高壓(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)的(de)(de)X端(高壓(ya)尾)以及(ji)測量繞(rao)組(zu)的(de)(de)F端必須(xu)可(ke)靠接(jie)地。
2、做串級試驗(yan)時(shi),**級、第三級試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)低壓(ya)(ya)繞組(zu)的(de)X端(duan),測(ce)量(liang)繞組(zu)的(de)F端(duan)以及高壓(ya)(ya)繞組(zu)的(de)X端(duan)(高壓(ya)(ya)尾)均接(jie)本級試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)外殼(ke)。**級、第三級試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)外殼(ke)必須通過(guo)絕緣支架接(jie)地。
3、接通電(dian)源前,操(cao)作系(xi)統的調壓器必須調到(dao)零位后方可接通電(dian)源,合閘,開(kai)始升壓。
4、從(cong)零開始均(jun)勻(yun)旋轉(zhuan)調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器手(shou)輪(lun)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)法(fa)有:快速升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa),即(ji)20s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa);慢(man)(man)速升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa),即(ji)60s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa);極慢(man)(man)速升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)供選用(yong)。電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)從(cong)零開始按一(yi)定的(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)式和速度(du)(du)上升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您所需(xu)的(de)額(e)定試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)75%后,在(zai)以每秒2%額(e)定試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)速度(du)(du)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您所需(xu)的(de)額(e)定電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),并密切注意測(ce)量儀表(biao)的(de)指示(shi)以及被試(shi)品的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過程中(zhong)或試(shi)驗過程中(zhong)如發現測(ce)量儀表(biao)的(de)指示(shi)及被試(shi)品情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)異常,應(ying)立即(ji)降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),切斷電(dian)源,查明(ming)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)。
5、試驗完畢(bi)后(hou),應(ying)在數秒內勻速的將(jiang)調壓器(qi)返回至零位(wei),然后(hou)切斷電源(yuan)。
6、本產品(pin)不得(de)超(chao)過額定參數使用(yong)。除試(shi)驗(yan)必須(xu)外,決不允許全電(dian)壓通(tong)電(dian)或斷(duan)電(dian)。
7、再升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)或(huo)耐壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)過程中,如發現以下不正常(chang)情況時,應立即(ji)降壓(ya)(ya),切斷(duan)電(dian)源,停止試驗(yan)并查明(ming)原因。
⑴電壓表指針擺動(或數字跳動)很(hen)大(da)
⑵電流(liu)表直線上升
被(bei)試品內(nei)有不正常的聲音(yin)
8、圖(tu)1中第(di)9項系壓(ya)力閥及壓(ya)力表,為長期關(guan)閉狀態。每6個月開(kai)閥一(yi)次,以檢查(cha)SF6壓(ya)力,應不小于0.2MPa(檢查(cha)壓(ya)力后(hou)立即關(guan)閉閥門),低于0.2MPa時應加SF6氣(qi)體,以增(zeng)加氣(qi)絕緣。
9、耐壓實驗前(qian)后應測量被試設備的(de)絕緣電阻,檢(jian)查絕緣情況。
10、當試驗(yan)變壓器長期不使用時,應(ying)放置(zhi)于通風、干(gan)燥、無陽光(guang)直射的地方。
11、該產(chan)品不允許(xu)在高于45℃的溫(wen)度下(xia)長期存(cun)放(fang)、使用、放(fang)氣(qi)。
12、運輸搬運途中不得重力沖擊。
13、產品(pin)緊(jin)固件及壓力閥、壓力表不得擅自(zi)松動。
14、使用本產品做(zuo)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時,出熟悉(xi)本說明書外(wai),還(huan)必須嚴格執行國家(jia)有(you)關標準和操作(zuo)規程。可(ke)參照(zhao)GB311-83《高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)輸變(bian)設備(bei)的(de)絕緣配合,高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)技術》;《電氣(qi)設備(bei)預防性試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)規程》等(deng)。
五、WBTQSB-100KVA/100KV交流耐壓試驗變壓器容量選擇
標(biao)稱試驗變(bian)壓器容量Pn的確定(ding)公式:Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中(zhong):
Pn——標(biao)稱(cheng)試驗變壓(ya)器容量(kVA)
Vn——試驗變(bian)壓器(qi)的額(e)定輸出高壓的有(you)效值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1,標稱電(dian)(dian)壓Vn≥1MV時(shi),k=2;標稱電(dian)(dian)壓較低時(shi),k值可取高(gao)一(yi)些。
Ct——被(bei)試品的電容量(pF)
ω——角頻率(lv),ω=2πf, f——試(shi)驗(yan)電源的(de)頻率(lv)
被(bei)試設備的(de)(de)電容量Ct可由交流電橋測出。Ct的(de)(de)變化很大,
可由設備的(de)類型而定。
典型數據如下:
簡單的棒式(shi)或懸式(shi)絕緣子(zi) 幾十微法(fa)
簡單(dan)的(de)分(fen)級套管(guan) 100~1000pF
電壓互(hu)感器(qi) 200 ~ 500pF
電力變壓器 < 1000kVA ~1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000~10000pF
高壓電力電纜和油(you)浸紙絕緣 250~300pF/m
氣體絕緣 ~60pF/m
封(feng)閉變(bian)電(dian)站,SF6氣體絕緣 100~10000Pf;
對于不(bu)同的試(shi)驗電壓Vn,選擇不(bu)同的(適當的)**系數(shu)k。
以下列出(chu)不同的(de)(de)Vn所選用的(de)(de)k值供參考(kao)。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2