一、WBTQSB-100KVA/100KV工頻交流試驗變壓器概述
YDQ系列高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)是(shi)(shi)根據(ju)《試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)》標準，在油(you)浸式試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上而設計生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)體(ti)具有(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)性能(neng)及優異(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滅(mie)弧性能(neng)，其(qi)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強(qiang)度為(wei)同一(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力下氮氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍，擊穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍。在0.25MPa下與油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擊穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相等(deng)(deng)(deng)，在0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力下是(shi)(shi)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擊穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍，是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)優于油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新一(yi)代(dai)超(chao)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)介質(zhi)材(cai)料(liao)。該產(chan)(chan)品技(ji)術要求完全符合(he)《ZBK-41006-89》標準，它(ta)是(shi)(shi)油(you)浸式輕(qing)型(xing)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)換代(dai)產(chan)(chan)品。該產(chan)(chan)品具有(you)體(ti)積小、重量(liang)輕(qing)、不受氣(qi)候變(bian)(bian)化影響、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈小、現場搬(ban)運無需靜(jing)止可(ke)使用(yong)，使用(yong)壽命長、免維修等(deng)(deng)(deng)特點。適用(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統、工礦企業(ye)、科(ke)研部門等(deng)(deng)(deng)對各(ge)種(zhong)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)元(yuan)件、絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)進行(xing)工頻或直流高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)強(qiang)度試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。
二、WBTQSB-100KVA/100KV工頻交流試驗變壓器產品結構
YDQ系列高壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器采用單框(kuang)芯(xin)式鐵芯(xin)結構，初級繞(rao)組繞(rao)在(zai)鐵芯(xin)上，高壓(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組在(zai)外(wai)，這種(zhong)同軸布置減少(shao)了漏磁通，因而增大(da)了繞(rao)組間的耦合。產(chan)品的外(wai)殼(ke)為(wei)圓柱灌式容(rong)器結構，能(neng)耐受(shou)0.8MPa以上壓(ya)(ya)力。其結構見(jian)圖1：
三、WBTQSB-100KVA/100KV工頻交流試驗變壓器工作原理
YDQ系(xi)(xi)列(lie)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)為單相變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)，聯結(jie)組標(biao)號(hao)Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用工頻220V(10kVA以上(shang)為380V)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)接(jie)入 (為本公司生產(chan)的試(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)配套專(zhuan)用設備，詳細資料請見(jian)其具體使用說明書)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)操(cao)作(zuo)箱(臺)，經操(cao)作(zuo)箱內自偶調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(50kVA以上(shang)調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)外附(fu))調(diao)節至(zhi)(zhi)0～200V(或(huo)0～400V)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)輸(shu)出至(zhi)(zhi)YDQ試(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的初級繞(rao)組，根據電(dian)(dian)磁感應(ying)原理，在試(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組可(ke)獲(huo)得試(shi)驗所需的高(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。
單(dan)臺YDQ系(xi)列(lie)高壓(ya)試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器的工(gong)作(zuo)原理圖(tu)見圖(tu)2。
單(dan)臺YDQ系列(lie)交直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器的工作(zuo)原理(li)圖(tu)見圖(tu)3，圖(tu)中(zhong)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)套(tao)管(guan)中(zhong)裝有高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)硅(gui)堆，串接在高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)回路中(zhong)作(zuo)半(ban)波(bo)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)，以獲(huo)得直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)高(gao)(gao)電壓(ya)。當用(yong)一(yi)短路桿將高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)硅(gui)堆短接時(shi)，可(ke)獲(huo)得工頻高(gao)(gao)電壓(ya)，作(zuo)為(wei)交流(liu)(liu)輸出(chu)狀(zhuang)態；取消短路桿時(shi)，作(zuo)為(wei)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)輸出(chu)狀(zhuang)態。
試驗變壓器高壓套管中的(de)高壓硅堆未畫出，其原理與上圖相同。
三臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲(huo)得更高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)線原(yuan)理見圖4。串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)有(you)很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)優越性，因為(wei)(wei)整個(ge)(ge)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)置由幾臺(tai)單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)組(zu)成，單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)容量小、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重量輕(qing)，便(bian)于運輸(shu)和安裝(zhuang)。它既然可串接(jie)成高出(chu)幾倍的(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)合使用(yong)，又可分(fen)開(kai)成幾套單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)單(dan)(dan)獨(du)使用(yong)。整套裝(zhuang)置投資小，經濟實惠。圖5中(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)每個(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)有(you)一個(ge)(ge)勵(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)A1、C1和A2、C2。在(zai)三臺(tai)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)基本(ben)原(yuan)理中(zhong)(zhong)，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)加在(zai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)a1x1上，單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都(dou)是V。勵(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)A1、C1給**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)勵(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)A2、C2給第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)箱體分(fen)別處在(zai)對(dui)地(di)為(wei)(wei)1V和2V的(de)(de)(de)(de)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)位上，所(suo)以箱體對(dui)地(di)是絕緣的(de)(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)箱體是接(jie)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)對(dui)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)定輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)別為(wei)(wei)1V、2V、3V；其額(e)定容量分(fen)別為(wei)(wei)3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列(lie)高壓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓器做被(bei)試(shi)(shi)品的工頻(pin)耐(nai)壓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)使用接線原理圖見圖5。
圖中(zhong)：R1—限流電阻 FRC—阻容分壓器(qi) RF—球間隙保護電阻 G—球間隙 CX—被試品(pin)
注：高(gao)壓尾(wei)必須可靠(kao)接地
工頻耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗中限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)R1應(ying)根(gen)據試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器的額(e)定(ding)容(rong)量來選(xuan)擇。如高(gao)壓(ya)側額(e)定(ding)輸出電(dian)流(liu)在100～300mA時(shi)，可取0.5～1Ω/V(試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya))；高(gao)壓(ya)側額(e)定(ding)輸出電(dian)流(liu)為(wei)1A以(yi)上(shang)時(shi)，可取1Ω/V(試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya))。常用水(shui)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)作(zuo)為(wei)限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，管(guan)(guan)子長(chang)度可按(an)150kV/m考(kao)慮，管(guan)(guan)子粗細(xi)應(ying)具有足夠(gou)的熱容(rong)量(水(shui)阻(zu)(zu)液配制(zhi)方法：用蒸餾水(shui)加入適(shi)量硫酸銅(tong)配制(zhi)成各(ge)種不同的阻(zu)(zu)值)。
球(qiu)間隙(xi)及保護電(dian)(dian)阻：當電(dian)(dian)壓超(chao)過球(qiu)間隙(xi)整定值(zhi)時(一般取(qu)試驗電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)110%~120%)，球(qiu)間隙(xi)放電(dian)(dian)，對被試品(pin)起(qi)到保護作用。球(qiu)間隙(xi)保護電(dian)(dian)阻可按1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)(dian)壓)選取(qu)。
在(zai)工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)中，低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是非常準確的(de)，其原因是由(you)于(yu)(yu)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)存在(zai)著(zhu)漏(lou)(lou)抗，在(zai)這個漏(lou)(lou)抗上(shang)必(bi)(bi)然(ran)存在(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降或容升，使(shi)試品(pin)上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)于(yu)(yu)或高(gao)于(yu)(yu)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表上(shang)反映出來的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)時(shi)，被試品(pin)上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于(yu)(yu)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就(jiu)是所(suo)(suo)謂容升現象。感應(ying)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)時(shi)，試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)漏(lou)(lou)抗必(bi)(bi)然(ran)存在(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為(wei)了準確測(ce)量(liang)被試品(pin)上(shang)所(suo)(suo)施加的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此常在(zai)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)接入FRC阻容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)來測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工頻耐壓試驗操作注意事項(xiang)
1）試驗人員應(ying)做(zuo)好分工，明確相(xiang)互間(jian)聯系(xi)方(fang)法(fa)。并有專門人監護現場**及觀察試品狀態。
2）被試品應(ying)先清掃干(gan)凈，并**干(gan)燥(zao)，以(yi)免損壞(huai)被試品和(he)試驗帶來的誤差。
3）對于大型試驗(yan)，一般都應先進行空升試驗(yan)。即不接試品時(shi)升壓至(zhi)試驗(yan)電壓，校(xiao)對各(ge)種表計，調整球(qiu)間隙。
4）升壓速(su)度(du)不(bu)能(neng)太快，并必須防止突(tu)然(ran)加壓。例如調(diao)壓器(qi)不(bu)在(zai)零位時突(tu)然(ran)合閘(zha)。也不(bu)能(neng)突(tu)然(ran)切斷(duan)電源，一(yi)般應在(zai)調(diao)壓器(qi)降至零位時拉閘(zha)。
5）當電壓(ya)升(sheng)至試驗電壓(ya)時，開始計時，到1min后，迅速降壓(ya)到1/3試驗電壓(ya)以下時，才能拉開電源(yuan)。
6）在(zai)升壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試驗(yan)過(guo)程中，如(ru)發現下列不正常(chang)(chang)情況時，應立即降壓(ya)，切斷電(dian)源。停(ting)止(zhi)試驗(yan)并(bing)查明(ming)原因：①電(dian)壓(ya)表指針(zhen)擺動很大(da)；②發現絕(jue)緣(yuan)燒焦或冒煙；③被試品(pin)內有(you)不正常(chang)(chang)的(de)聲音。
7）耐壓試驗前后應測量絕緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)阻，檢查絕緣(yuan)(yuan)情況。
試驗(yan)變(bian)壓器在做被試品的直流耐壓或泄露(lu)試驗(yan)時接線原(yuan)理圖如圖6。
注：此試驗(yan)應先(xian)抽出短路桿“D”，圖6中(zhong)所示。
圖中：VD—高壓(ya)硅堆 R1—限(xian)流電(dian)阻(zu) C1—高壓(ya)濾(lv)波電(dian)容(rong) FRC—阻(zu)容(rong)分壓(ya)器 CX—被試(shi)品 μA—帶保護微(wei)安表
泄露試(shi)驗中(zhong)(zhong)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電阻R1選擇在額(e)定輸出(chu)電壓時，輸出(chu)端(duan)短路電流(liu)(liu)(liu)不(bu)超過(guo)高壓硅堆的*大整流(liu)(liu)(liu)。如電壓硅堆的*大整流(liu)(liu)(liu)電流(liu)(liu)(liu)為(wei)100mA時用于60kV的試(shi)驗裝(zhuang)置中(zhong)(zhong)，限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電阻按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇。限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電阻還應(ying)具有足夠的容量和沿(yan)面放(fang)電距離。
高壓濾(lv)波(bo)電容C1一(yi)般選擇(ze)在0.01~0.1μF，當被試品的電容量很大時，C1可(ke)省(sheng)略(lve)不用。
泄露(lu)試驗(yan)的操作及注意(yi)事項
1）試驗(yan)前應先檢查被試品是否停電，接地放電，一切對外連線是否擦干凈。要嚴防將試驗(yan)電壓(ya)加(jia)到(dao)有人工(gong)作(zuo)的部位上去。
2）接好試驗(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)接線后，應(ying)復查(cha)無誤后才可(ke)加壓。應(ying)特別注意(yi)檢查(cha)高壓設備及引線與地、與操作人員的(de)(de)**距離，被試品的(de)(de)外殼是(shi)否(fou)可(ke)靠接地，要按**規程中所規定的(de)(de)內容進行試驗(yan)(yan)。
3）對于大電(dian)容量設備(bei)應(ying)(ying)緩慢升壓(ya)，防止(zhi)被試品的充電(dian)電(dian)流燒(shao)壞微安表。必要時(shi)應(ying)(ying)分(fen)級加(jia)壓(ya)，分(fen)別讀取各級電(dian)壓(ya)下微安表的穩定讀數。
4）試驗(yan)過程(cheng)中，應密切監視被試品(pin)、試驗(yan)裝置、微安表，一(yi)旦發(fa)生擊穿(chuan)、閃(shan)爍等(deng)異常現象應立即降(jiang)壓，切斷電源，并查(cha)明(ming)原因(yin)，詳細記錄(lu)。
5）試驗完畢，降壓，切斷電源后應將(jiang)被試品及(ji)試驗裝(zhuang)置本身充分放電。
四、WBTQSB-100KVA/100KV工頻交流試驗變壓器注意事項
1、按照您所(suo)進行(xing)的(de)試驗接好(hao)工(gong)作(zuo)線路。試驗變(bian)壓器(qi)的(de)外殼以及操作(zuo)系統(tong)的(de)外殼必須(xu)可靠接地。試驗變(bian)壓器(qi)高壓繞組的(de)X端(高壓尾)以及測量繞組的(de)F端必須(xu)可靠接地。
2、做串級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)時，**級(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓器的低(di)壓繞組的X端(duan)，測量繞組的F端(duan)以及(ji)高(gao)壓繞組的X端(duan)(高(gao)壓尾)均接本(ben)級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓器的外(wai)殼(ke)。**級(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓器的外(wai)殼(ke)必須通過絕緣支架接地。
3、接通電源(yuan)(yuan)前，操作系統(tong)的調壓(ya)器必須調到(dao)零位后方(fang)可接通電源(yuan)(yuan)，合閘，開始升壓(ya)。
4、從零開始均勻旋轉調壓(ya)器手輪升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)方法(fa)有：快速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)法(fa)，即20s逐(zhu)級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)法(fa)；慢速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)法(fa)，即60s逐(zhu)級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)法(fa)；極慢速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)法(fa)供選用。電(dian)壓(ya)從零開始按(an)一定的(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)方式(shi)和速(su)(su)度(du)(du)上升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您所需(xu)的(de)額定試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)75%后，在以每(mei)秒2%額定試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)速(su)(su)度(du)(du)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您所需(xu)的(de)額定電(dian)壓(ya)，并密(mi)切注(zhu)意測量(liang)儀(yi)表(biao)的(de)指示(shi)以及被(bei)(bei)試(shi)品的(de)情況。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)過(guo)程中或(huo)試(shi)驗過(guo)程中如發現測量(liang)儀(yi)表(biao)的(de)指示(shi)及被(bei)(bei)試(shi)品情況異常，應立即降壓(ya)，切斷(duan)電(dian)源，查明情況。
5、試驗完(wan)畢后(hou)，應在數秒(miao)內勻速的將調壓器返回至(zhi)零位，然后(hou)切斷電源。
6、本產品(pin)不得超過額定參數使用。除(chu)試驗(yan)必須外，決(jue)不允許全(quan)電壓通電或斷電。
7、再升壓(ya)或(huo)耐壓(ya)試驗過程(cheng)中，如發現以下(xia)不(bu)正常情況時，應立即降壓(ya)，切斷電(dian)源，停止試驗并查(cha)明(ming)原因。
⑴電壓(ya)表指針擺動(或數(shu)字跳動)很大(da)
⑵電流表直線上升
被試品內有不正常(chang)的聲音
8、圖(tu)1中(zhong)第9項系壓(ya)力(li)(li)閥(fa)及壓(ya)力(li)(li)表(biao)，為(wei)長期關(guan)閉(bi)狀態(tai)。每6個月開閥(fa)一次，以(yi)檢(jian)查SF6壓(ya)力(li)(li)，應不小(xiao)于(yu)0.2MPa(檢(jian)查壓(ya)力(li)(li)后立即(ji)關(guan)閉(bi)閥(fa)門)，低于(yu)0.2MPa時應加SF6氣體，以(yi)增加氣絕緣(yuan)。
9、耐壓實驗前后應測量(liang)被試設備的絕(jue)緣(yuan)電阻，檢查(cha)絕(jue)緣(yuan)情況。
10、當試驗(yan)變(bian)壓器長期不(bu)使(shi)用時，應放(fang)置于通風、干(gan)燥、無陽(yang)光(guang)直射的(de)地方。
11、該產品不允許在(zai)高于45℃的(de)溫度下(xia)長期存放(fang)、使(shi)用、放(fang)氣。
12、運輸搬運途中不得重力(li)沖(chong)擊(ji)。
13、產品緊固件及(ji)壓(ya)力閥、壓(ya)力表不得擅(shan)自松(song)動。
14、使用(yong)本(ben)產品做高(gao)壓(ya)試驗時，出熟悉本(ben)說(shuo)明書外(wai)，還必(bi)須嚴格執行國家有關(guan)標準和操作規程。可(ke)參照GB311-83《高(gao)壓(ya)輸變設(she)備的絕緣配合，高(gao)壓(ya)試驗技術》；《電(dian)氣設(she)備預防性試驗規程》等。
五、WBTQSB-100KVA/100KV工頻交流試驗變壓器容量選擇
標稱試驗變壓器容量Pn的確定公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中：
Pn——標稱試驗變壓(ya)器容(rong)量(kVA)
Vn——試驗變壓器的(de)額定輸出高壓的(de)有效(xiao)值(kV)
k ——**系數(shu)。k≥1，標(biao)稱(cheng)電(dian)壓Vn≥1MV時(shi)，k=2；標(biao)稱(cheng)電(dian)壓較低時(shi)，k值可(ke)取高一些。
Ct——被試品的電容(rong)量(pF)
ω——角頻率(lv)，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源的(de)頻率(lv)
被試設備(bei)的電(dian)容量Ct可由交流電(dian)橋測(ce)出。Ct的變化很大，
可由設備的類型而定。
典型數據如下：
簡單的棒式或懸式絕緣子(zi) 幾十(shi)微法
簡單的分級套(tao)管 100～1000pF
電壓互感(gan)器 200 ～ 500pF
電力變壓器 ; < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高(gao)壓電力電纜和油(you)浸(jin)紙(zhi)絕緣(yuan) 250～300pF/m
氣體(ti)絕緣 ; ～60pF/m
封閉變電站(zhan)，SF6氣(qi)體絕緣 100～10000Pf;
對于不同(tong)的(de)試驗電壓Vn，選(xuan)擇不同(tong)的(de)(適當的(de))**系(xi)數k。
以(yi)下列出(chu)不同的(de)(de)Vn所(suo)選(xuan)用的(de)(de)k值(zhi)供(gong)參考。
Vn =50~100kV ; k = 4
Vn =150~300kV ; k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2