一(yi)、WBTQSB-75KVA/100KV交流耐壓試驗變壓器概(gai)述
YDQ系列高壓(ya)試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)是(shi)(shi)根據《試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)》標準(zhun)，在(zai)油(you)(you)(you)浸(jin)式試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)基礎(chu)上(shang)而(er)設(she)計生(sheng)產的(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)體具(ju)(ju)有良(liang)好的(de)(de)電氣(qi)絕緣性能及(ji)優(you)異的(de)(de)滅(mie)弧(hu)性能，其耐壓(ya)強(qiang)度(du)為(wei)同一壓(ya)力(li)下(xia)(xia)氮氣(qi)的(de)(de)2.5倍，擊穿電壓(ya)的(de)(de)空氣(qi)的(de)(de)2.5倍。在(zai)0.25MPa下(xia)(xia)與油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)擊穿電壓(ya)相等(deng)，在(zai)0.45MPa壓(ya)力(li)下(xia)(xia)是(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)擊穿電壓(ya)的(de)(de)2倍，是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)優(you)于(yu)油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)新(xin)一代(dai)超高壓(ya)絕緣介質材(cai)料。該產品技術要求(qiu)完全符合《ZBK-41006-89》標準(zhun)，它(ta)是(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)浸(jin)式輕型試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)換代(dai)產品。該產品具(ju)(ju)有體積小(xiao)、重量輕、不(bu)受氣(qi)候變(bian)化(hua)影響(xiang)、電暈小(xiao)、現場搬運無需靜(jing)止可使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命長、免維(wei)修等(deng)特點。適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)電力(li)系統、工礦企業、科(ke)研(yan)部門等(deng)對(dui)各(ge)種(zhong)高壓(ya)電氣(qi)設(she)備、電氣(qi)元(yuan)件、絕緣材(cai)料進行工頻或直流高壓(ya)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)絕緣強(qiang)度(du)試(shi)驗。
二、WBTQSB-75KVA/100KV交流耐壓試驗變壓器產品結構
YDQ系列(lie)高壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器(qi)采用單框芯式(shi)鐵(tie)芯結構(gou)，初級繞組繞在鐵(tie)芯上，高壓(ya)繞組在外(wai)，這種同(tong)軸布置減(jian)少了(le)漏磁通，因而增(zeng)大了(le)繞組間的(de)耦合(he)。產品的(de)外(wai)殼為(wei)圓柱灌式(shi)容(rong)器(qi)結構(gou)，能耐(nai)受(shou)0.8MPa以上壓(ya)力。其結構(gou)見(jian)圖1：
三、WBTQSB-75KVA/100KV交流耐壓試驗變壓器工作原理
YDQ系(xi)列高(gao)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為單(dan)相變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，聯結組標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用工頻220V(10kVA以(yi)上為380V)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)接入 (為本公司生(sheng)產的(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)配套專用設備(bei)，詳細資料(liao)請見其具體使(shi)用說(shuo)明書)系(xi)列操(cao)作箱(xiang)(臺)，經操(cao)作箱(xiang)內自偶(ou)調(diao)(diao)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(50kVA以(yi)上調(diao)(diao)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)外(wai)附)調(diao)(diao)節至0～200V(或0～400V)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)輸出至YDQ試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)初級繞(rao)組，根據電(dian)(dian)磁感應(ying)原理(li)，在試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)高(gao)壓(ya)繞(rao)組可獲得(de)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)所需的(de)(de)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列高壓試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器(qi)的工(gong)作(zuo)原理圖見圖2。
單臺(tai)YDQ系(xi)列交直流(liu)(liu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)工作原理圖(tu)見圖(tu)3，圖(tu)中高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)套管中裝有(you)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)硅(gui)堆，串接(jie)(jie)在高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)回(hui)路中作半波整流(liu)(liu)，以(yi)獲(huo)得直流(liu)(liu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)。當用一短路桿(gan)將高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)硅(gui)堆短接(jie)(jie)時，可獲(huo)得工頻(pin)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)，作為(wei)(wei)交流(liu)(liu)輸出(chu)狀態(tai)(tai)；取消短路桿(gan)時，作為(wei)(wei)直流(liu)(liu)輸出(chu)狀態(tai)(tai)。
試驗變壓(ya)器(qi)高壓(ya)套(tao)管中的高壓(ya)硅堆(dui)未畫(hua)出，其原理與上圖相同。
三(san)(san)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)串(chuan)(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更(geng)高電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)接線原(yuan)理(li)見圖4。串(chuan)(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有很大(da)的(de)(de)優越性，因為(wei)(wei)(wei)整個試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)裝置(zhi)由幾臺單(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)成，單(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)容量小、電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重(zhong)量輕(qing)，便于(yu)運輸和安裝。它既(ji)然可串(chuan)(chuan)接成高出幾倍的(de)(de)單(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸出電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)合使用(yong)，又可分開成幾套單(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)獨使用(yong)。整套裝置(zhi)投資(zi)小，經濟實惠。圖5中，在**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)每個單(dan)元(yuan)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中都有一個勵磁(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)A1、C1和A2、C2。在三(san)(san)臺串(chuan)(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原(yuan)理(li)中，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電源加在試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)a1x1上，單(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)輸出電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都是V。勵磁(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)A1、C1給**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)供電；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)勵磁(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)A2、C2給第(di)三(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)供電。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和第(di)三(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)箱體分別處在對(dui)地為(wei)(wei)(wei)1V和2V的(de)(de)高電位上，所以箱體對(dui)地是絕(jue)緣的(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)箱體是接地的(de)(de)。這(zhe)樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)三(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)地的(de)(de)額(e)定輸出電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分別為(wei)(wei)(wei)1V、2V、3V；其額(e)定容量分別為(wei)(wei)(wei)3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高壓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓器做被試(shi)(shi)品的工頻(pin)耐(nai)壓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)使(shi)用接線原(yuan)理圖見(jian)圖5。
圖中：R1—限流(liu)電阻 ; FRC—阻容分壓器 RF—球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙保護(hu)電阻 G—球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙 CX—被試品
注：高(gao)壓尾必須可靠接地
工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中限流電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻R1應根據試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器的(de)額定容量來選擇。如(ru)高壓(ya)側額定輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流在(zai)100～300mA時，可取0.5～1Ω/V(試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya))；高壓(ya)側額定輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流為1A以上(shang)時，可取1Ω/V(試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya))。常用水電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻作(zuo)為限流電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，管(guan)子長度(du)可按150kV/m考(kao)慮，管(guan)子粗細應具有(you)足(zu)夠的(de)熱容量(水阻液配制方法：用蒸餾水加(jia)入適(shi)量硫酸銅配制成各(ge)種不(bu)同的(de)阻值)。
球間(jian)隙及(ji)保(bao)護電(dian)阻：當(dang)電(dian)壓超過球間(jian)隙整定值時(一般取(qu)試(shi)驗電(dian)壓的110%~120%)，球間(jian)隙放電(dian)，對(dui)被試(shi)品起到保(bao)護作用。球間(jian)隙保(bao)護電(dian)阻可(ke)按1Ω/V(試(shi)驗電(dian)壓)選(xuan)取(qu)。
在(zai)(zai)工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)中，低(di)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀(yi)表電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是(shi)(shi)非常準(zhun)確的(de)，其原因是(shi)(shi)由于(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)漏(lou)(lou)抗(kang)，在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)個漏(lou)(lou)抗(kang)上(shang)必(bi)然存(cun)在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)或(huo)容升，使試(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)于(yu)或(huo)高(gao)(gao)于(yu)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表上(shang)反映出(chu)來的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時，被(bei)(bei)試(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)(gao)于(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是(shi)(shi)所(suo)謂(wei)容升現象(xiang)。感應耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時，試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)漏(lou)(lou)抗(kang)必(bi)然存(cun)在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)。為了準(zhun)確測量(liang)被(bei)(bei)試(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)上(shang)所(suo)施(shi)加的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此常在(zai)(zai)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側接入FRC阻容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)來測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖(tu)5)。
工頻耐壓(ya)試驗操作注(zhu)意事項
1）試驗人(ren)員應做好(hao)分工，明確相互間聯系(xi)方(fang)法。并有專門人(ren)監護現場(chang)**及觀察試品狀態。
2）被試品(pin)應先清掃干凈，并**干燥，以免(mian)損壞被試品(pin)和試驗帶來的誤差(cha)。
3）對于(yu)大型試驗(yan)(yan)，一般都應先進行空(kong)升試驗(yan)(yan)。即不接試品時(shi)升壓至(zhi)試驗(yan)(yan)電壓，校對各種表(biao)計，調整球間隙。
4）升壓(ya)速度不能(neng)太(tai)快(kuai)，并必須防止突(tu)然(ran)加壓(ya)。例如調壓(ya)器不在(zai)零位(wei)時突(tu)然(ran)合(he)閘。也不能(neng)突(tu)然(ran)切斷電源，一般應在(zai)調壓(ya)器降至零位(wei)時拉閘。
5）當電(dian)壓升(sheng)至試(shi)(shi)驗電(dian)壓時(shi)，開始(shi)計時(shi)，到1min后，迅速(su)降壓到1/3試(shi)(shi)驗電(dian)壓以下時(shi)，才(cai)能拉開電(dian)源。
6）在升(sheng)壓或(huo)耐壓試驗過程中(zhong)，如發現下列不(bu)正常情況(kuang)時，應(ying)立即降壓，切斷電(dian)源(yuan)。停止試驗并(bing)查明原因：①電(dian)壓表指針擺動很大；②發現絕(jue)緣燒(shao)焦或(huo)冒(mao)煙；③被試品(pin)內有不(bu)正常的聲音。
7）耐壓試驗前(qian)后(hou)應測量絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電阻，檢查絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)情(qing)況。
試驗變壓器在做(zuo)被試品(pin)的直流耐壓或泄(xie)露試驗時接線(xian)原理圖(tu)如圖(tu)6。
注：此試驗應先抽出短路桿“D”，圖6中所示。
圖中：VD—高壓(ya)硅堆 R1—限(xian)流電阻 C1—高壓(ya)濾(lv)波(bo)電容 FRC—阻容分壓(ya)器 CX—被試品 μA—帶保(bao)護微安表(biao)
泄露(lu)試驗(yan)中限(xian)(xian)(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R1選(xuan)擇在額定輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)，輸(shu)出端短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)不超過高壓(ya)硅(gui)堆的(de)*大整流(liu)(liu)(liu)。如電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)硅(gui)堆的(de)*大整流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)為100mA時(shi)用于60kV的(de)試驗(yan)裝置中，限(xian)(xian)(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選(xuan)擇。限(xian)(xian)(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)還(huan)應具有足(zu)夠的(de)容(rong)量和沿面放(fang)電(dian)(dian)距離。
高壓濾波電(dian)容C1一般選(xuan)擇在0.01~0.1μF，當被試品的電(dian)容量很(hen)大時，C1可省略不(bu)用。
泄露試驗(yan)的操(cao)作及(ji)注意事項
1）試(shi)驗(yan)前應先(xian)檢(jian)查被試(shi)品是(shi)否停(ting)電，接地放(fang)電，一切(qie)對外連(lian)線是(shi)否擦(ca)干凈。要嚴防將試(shi)驗(yan)電壓加到有人工作的部位上(shang)去。
2）接(jie)好試(shi)驗裝(zhuang)置的接(jie)線后，應(ying)復查無誤(wu)后才可加壓。應(ying)特別注意(yi)檢查高壓設備及引線與(yu)地、與(yu)操作(zuo)人(ren)員的**距離(li)，被試(shi)品的外(wai)殼是否(fou)可靠接(jie)地，要按(an)**規程(cheng)中所規定的內(nei)容進行試(shi)驗。
3）對(dui)于大(da)電(dian)容量設備應緩(huan)慢升(sheng)壓，防止被試(shi)品的充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)燒壞微(wei)(wei)安(an)表。必要(yao)時應分(fen)級(ji)加壓，分(fen)別讀(du)取各級(ji)電(dian)壓下微(wei)(wei)安(an)表的穩定讀(du)數。
4）試驗過程中(zhong)，應(ying)(ying)密切監視被試品、試驗裝(zhuang)置、微安表，一旦(dan)發生擊穿、閃爍等異常(chang)現象(xiang)應(ying)(ying)立即降壓(ya)，切斷電源，并查明原因，詳(xiang)細記(ji)錄。
5）試驗(yan)完畢(bi)，降壓，切斷電源后(hou)應將被試品及(ji)試驗(yan)裝置本身(shen)充(chong)分放電。
四、WBTQSB-75KVA/100KV交流耐壓試驗變壓器注意事項
1、按照(zhao)您所進行的(de)試(shi)驗接(jie)好工(gong)作(zuo)線(xian)路。試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器的(de)外殼(ke)(ke)以及(ji)操作(zuo)系統的(de)外殼(ke)(ke)必須(xu)可靠接(jie)地。試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器高壓(ya)繞組的(de)X端(高壓(ya)尾)以及(ji)測量繞組的(de)F端必須(xu)可靠接(jie)地。
2、做串級試驗時，**級、第三級試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)低壓(ya)(ya)繞組的(de)(de)(de)X端(duan)，測量繞組的(de)(de)(de)F端(duan)以及(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)繞組的(de)(de)(de)X端(duan)(高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)尾)均接本(ben)級試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)殼。**級、第三級試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)殼必須通過(guo)絕緣支架接地。
3、接通電源(yuan)前，操作(zuo)系統的調壓器必須調到零位后方可接通電源(yuan)，合閘，開(kai)始升(sheng)壓。
4、從零開始均勻旋轉調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器手輪升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方法(fa)有：快(kuai)速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即20s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；慢速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即60s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；極慢速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)供選用。電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)從零開始按一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方式和速(su)度上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您所(suo)需的(de)(de)額(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)75%后，在(zai)以每(mei)秒(miao)2%額(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)速(su)度升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您所(suo)需的(de)(de)額(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，并密切(qie)注(zhu)意測量儀表的(de)(de)指(zhi)示以及被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)的(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過程中(zhong)或(huo)試(shi)驗過程中(zhong)如(ru)發現測量儀表的(de)(de)指(zhi)示及被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)異常，應立即降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，切(qie)斷電(dian)源，查明情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)。
5、試(shi)驗完畢(bi)后(hou)，應在數秒內勻速的將(jiang)調(diao)壓器返(fan)回至零位，然后(hou)切(qie)斷電源。
6、本產品不(bu)得超(chao)過額定參數使用(yong)。除(chu)試(shi)驗必須外(wai)，決不(bu)允許全電壓(ya)通電或(huo)斷電。
7、再升壓或耐(nai)壓試驗過程中，如發現(xian)以(yi)下不正常情(qing)況時，應立即(ji)降壓，切斷(duan)電源，停止試驗并查明原因。
⑴電壓表(biao)指針擺動(dong)(或數字跳動(dong))很大
⑵電流表直線上升
被試品內有不正常的聲音
8、圖(tu)1中第9項(xiang)系壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)閥(fa)及壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)表，為長期關(guan)閉狀(zhuang)態。每6個月開閥(fa)一(yi)次，以檢(jian)(jian)查SF6壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)，應不小(xiao)于(yu)0.2MPa(檢(jian)(jian)查壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)后立即(ji)關(guan)閉閥(fa)門)，低(di)于(yu)0.2MPa時應加SF6氣體(ti)，以增加氣絕緣(yuan)。
9、耐壓實驗(yan)前后應(ying)測(ce)量被(bei)試設備的絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電阻，檢查(cha)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)情況。
10、當(dang)試驗變壓器長期(qi)不(bu)使(shi)用時，應(ying)放置于通風、干燥、無陽(yang)光直射的地方(fang)。
11、該產品(pin)不(bu)允許在高于45℃的溫度(du)下長期存放、使用、放氣。
12、運輸搬運途中不(bu)得重力沖擊。
13、產品緊固件及壓力閥、壓力表(biao)不得擅自松動。
14、使用本產(chan)品做(zuo)高壓(ya)試驗(yan)時，出熟悉本說明(ming)書(shu)外，還必須嚴格執行國家有關(guan)標準和(he)操作規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)。可參照(zhao)GB311-83《高壓(ya)輸變設備(bei)的絕緣配(pei)合，高壓(ya)試驗(yan)技術》；《電氣設備(bei)預防性試驗(yan)規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)》等。
五、WBTQSB-75KVA/100KV交流耐壓試驗變壓器容量選擇
標稱試驗變壓(ya)器容量Pn的確定公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中：
Pn——標稱(cheng)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓器容量(kVA)
Vn——試驗(yan)變壓器(qi)的(de)額定輸出高壓的(de)有效值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標(biao)稱(cheng)電壓(ya)Vn≥1MV時，k=2；標(biao)稱(cheng)電壓(ya)較(jiao)低(di)時，k值可取高(gao)一些(xie)。
Ct——被試品(pin)的電容量(liang)(pF)
ω——角頻(pin)率，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源的頻(pin)率
被(bei)試(shi)設備的電(dian)容量Ct可由交流電(dian)橋測出。Ct的變(bian)化很大，
可由設備的(de)類型而定。
典(dian)型數據如(ru)下(xia)：
簡單的棒式或(huo)懸式絕緣子 幾十(shi)微(wei)法(fa)
簡單的分級套管 100～1000pF
電壓互感器 200 ～ 500pF
電(dian)力變壓器 < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高壓電力電纜和油浸紙絕緣 250～300pF/m
氣體(ti)絕緣 ～60pF/m
封閉變(bian)電站，SF6氣體絕緣(yuan) 100～10000Pf;
對于不(bu)(bu)同的試(shi)驗電壓(ya)Vn，選(xuan)擇不(bu)(bu)同的(適當的)**系數k。
以下列出不同的Vn所(suo)選用的k值供(gong)參考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2