一(yi)、WBTQSB-30KVA/100KV交流耐壓變壓器概述
YDQ系(xi)列高壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是根(gen)據《試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)》標準，在(zai)油(you)(you)浸式(shi)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)基礎(chu)上而設(she)計生產的(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)體具(ju)有良好的(de)(de)電(dian)氣(qi)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)性(xing)能及優異的(de)(de)滅弧性(xing)能，其耐壓(ya)強(qiang)度為同一(yi)壓(ya)力(li)下氮氣(qi)的(de)(de)2.5倍，擊穿(chuan)(chuan)電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)空氣(qi)的(de)(de)2.5倍。在(zai)0.25MPa下與(yu)油(you)(you)的(de)(de)擊穿(chuan)(chuan)電(dian)壓(ya)相等，在(zai)0.45MPa壓(ya)力(li)下是油(you)(you)的(de)(de)擊穿(chuan)(chuan)電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)2倍，是一(yi)種優于(yu)油(you)(you)的(de)(de)新一(yi)代超高壓(ya)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)介質材料(liao)。該(gai)產品技術要求完(wan)全(quan)符合《ZBK-41006-89》標準，它是油(you)(you)浸式(shi)輕(qing)型試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)換代產品。該(gai)產品具(ju)有體積小、重量輕(qing)、不(bu)受氣(qi)候變(bian)化影響(xiang)、電(dian)暈小、現場搬運(yun)無需靜止可使用，使用壽命(ming)長、免維修等特點。適用于(yu)電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統、工礦企(qi)業、科研部門等對各(ge)種高壓(ya)電(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備、電(dian)氣(qi)元(yuan)件、絕緣(yuan)(yuan)材料(liao)進行工頻或直流(liu)高壓(ya)下的(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)強(qiang)度試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。
二、WBTQSB-30KVA/100KV交流耐壓變壓器產品結構
YDQ系列高(gao)壓試驗變壓器采用單框(kuang)芯(xin)式鐵(tie)芯(xin)結構(gou)，初級繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)繞(rao)(rao)在(zai)鐵(tie)芯(xin)上(shang)，高(gao)壓繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)在(zai)外，這種同軸布置減(jian)少了(le)漏磁(ci)通，因而增大了(le)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)間(jian)的耦合。產品的外殼為圓柱(zhu)灌式容(rong)器結構(gou)，能(neng)耐(nai)受0.8MPa以上(shang)壓力(li)。其結構(gou)見圖1：
三、WBTQSB-30KVA/100KV交流耐壓變壓器工作原理
YDQ系列(lie)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)為單相(xiang)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)，聯(lian)結組(zu)標(biao)號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用工頻(pin)220V(10kVA以上(shang)為380V)電(dian)源接(jie)入 (為本公司生(sheng)產的(de)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)配套專用設備，詳細資料請見其具體使用說明書)系列(lie)操(cao)作箱(臺)，經操(cao)作箱內(nei)自偶調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(50kVA以上(shang)調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)外(wai)附)調(diao)節至0～200V(或0～400V)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)輸(shu)出至YDQ試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)初(chu)級繞組(zu)，根據電(dian)磁感應原理，在試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞組(zu)可獲得試(shi)驗(yan)所需的(de)高電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。
單(dan)臺YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器的工作原理圖見(jian)圖2。
單(dan)臺YDQ系列交直(zhi)流高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)工作原理(li)圖見圖3，圖中高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)套管中裝有高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)硅(gui)堆(dui)，串(chuan)接(jie)在高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)回路中作半波整(zheng)流，以獲(huo)(huo)得直(zhi)流高(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)。當用一(yi)短路桿將高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)硅(gui)堆(dui)短接(jie)時(shi)(shi)，可獲(huo)(huo)得工頻(pin)高(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)，作為交流輸出(chu)狀(zhuang)態；取消(xiao)短路桿時(shi)(shi)，作為直(zhi)流輸出(chu)狀(zhuang)態。
試驗(yan)變壓器高壓套管中(zhong)的高壓硅堆未畫出，其原理與上圖相同。
三臺(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更(geng)高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)接線原理見圖4。串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)有(you)很(hen)大的(de)(de)優越(yue)性，因為(wei)(wei)(wei)整個(ge)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)裝置由(you)幾(ji)臺(tai)單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)組(zu)成，單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)容(rong)量小、電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重量輕(qing)，便于運輸和(he)安裝。它既然可串(chuan)接成高(gao)出(chu)幾(ji)倍的(de)(de)單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)輸出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)合使(shi)用，又可分開成幾(ji)套(tao)(tao)單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)單(dan)獨使(shi)用。整套(tao)(tao)裝置投資小，經濟(ji)實惠。圖5中，在(zai)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)每(mei)個(ge)單(dan)元試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)中都有(you)一個(ge)勵磁繞組(zu)A1、C1和(he)A2、C2。在(zai)三臺(tai)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)基本原理中，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)源加在(zai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)a1x1上，單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都是V。勵磁繞組(zu)A1、C1給**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)供電(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)勵磁繞組(zu)A2、C2給第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)供電(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)箱體分別(bie)(bie)處在(zai)對地(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1V和(he)2V的(de)(de)高(gao)電(dian)位(wei)上，所以箱體對地(di)是絕緣的(de)(de)，試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)箱體是接地(di)的(de)(de)。這樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)對地(di)的(de)(de)額定(ding)輸出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分別(bie)(bie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1V、2V、3V；其額定(ding)容(rong)量分別(bie)(bie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高壓試驗(yan)變壓器做被試品(pin)的工(gong)頻(pin)耐壓試驗(yan)使用接線原理圖見圖5。
圖中：R1—限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu) FRC—阻(zu)容分壓器 RF—球間隙(xi)保護電(dian)阻(zu) G—球間隙(xi) CX—被試品
注(zhu)：高壓尾必須可靠接地
工(gong)頻(pin)耐壓(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)中限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻R1應(ying)根據試驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器的額(e)定(ding)容量來選擇。如高壓(ya)側(ce)額(e)定(ding)輸出電(dian)流(liu)在100～300mA時，可(ke)取0.5～1Ω/V(試驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)壓(ya))；高壓(ya)側(ce)額(e)定(ding)輸出電(dian)流(liu)為1A以上時，可(ke)取1Ω/V(試驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)壓(ya))。常用水電(dian)阻作為限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻，管子(zi)(zi)長度(du)可(ke)按150kV/m考(kao)慮，管子(zi)(zi)粗細(xi)應(ying)具有足夠的熱容量(水阻液配(pei)制方法(fa)：用蒸餾水加入適(shi)量硫(liu)酸銅配(pei)制成(cheng)各種不同的阻值(zhi))。
球間(jian)隙及(ji)保(bao)護電阻(zu)：當電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)超過球間(jian)隙整定值時(shi)(一般取(qu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)110%~120%)，球間(jian)隙放電，對被(bei)試(shi)品起(qi)到保(bao)護作用。球間(jian)隙保(bao)護電阻(zu)可按(an)1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya))選取(qu)。
在工頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中，低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表(biao)(biao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是(shi)(shi)非常(chang)準確的(de)，其(qi)原因是(shi)(shi)由于(yu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)存在著(zhu)(zhu)漏抗，在這個漏抗上(shang)必然存在著(zhu)(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降或(huo)容(rong)升，使試(shi)品(pin)上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)于(yu)或(huo)高(gao)于(yu)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)(biao)上(shang)反映出來(lai)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時(shi)，被試(shi)品(pin)上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于(yu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是(shi)(shi)所(suo)謂容(rong)升現象(xiang)。感應耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時(shi)，試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)漏抗必然存在著(zhu)(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為了準確測量(liang)被試(shi)品(pin)上(shang)所(suo)施加的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此常(chang)在高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側接入FRC阻容(rong)分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)來(lai)測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工頻耐壓試(shi)驗操作注(zhu)意事項
1）試驗(yan)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)應做好分工，明確相互間聯(lian)系方法。并有專門人(ren)(ren)監護現(xian)場**及觀察試品(pin)狀態。
2）被試品應先(xian)清掃干(gan)凈，并**干(gan)燥(zao)，以免損壞被試品和(he)試驗帶(dai)來的誤差。
3）對于(yu)大型試(shi)(shi)驗，一般都應先進(jin)行(xing)空升試(shi)(shi)驗。即不接試(shi)(shi)品時升壓(ya)至(zhi)試(shi)(shi)驗電壓(ya)，校對各種表計，調整球間隙。
4）升壓速度不(bu)能(neng)太快，并(bing)必須防止突然(ran)(ran)加壓。例如調壓器不(bu)在零位時突然(ran)(ran)合閘。也不(bu)能(neng)突然(ran)(ran)切斷電源(yuan)，一(yi)般(ban)應在調壓器降至零位時拉閘。
5）當電壓(ya)升至試驗(yan)電壓(ya)時(shi)，開始計時(shi)，到1min后，迅(xun)速降壓(ya)到1/3試驗(yan)電壓(ya)以下時(shi)，才能拉開電源。
6）在升壓或(huo)耐壓試驗(yan)過程中，如發現下列不(bu)(bu)正(zheng)常情況(kuang)時，應立即降(jiang)壓，切斷電源。停止試驗(yan)并查明原因：①電壓表指針(zhen)擺動很大；②發現絕緣燒焦或(huo)冒煙；③被試品內有(you)不(bu)(bu)正(zheng)常的(de)聲音(yin)。
7）耐壓試驗前后應測(ce)量絕緣(yuan)電阻，檢(jian)查絕緣(yuan)情況。
試驗變壓器在做被試品(pin)的(de)直流耐(nai)壓或泄露試驗時接線原理圖如圖6。
注：此(ci)試驗應先(xian)抽出短路桿“D”，圖6中所示(shi)。
圖中：VD—高壓硅堆 R1—限(xian)流電(dian)阻 C1—高壓濾波電(dian)容 FRC—阻容分(fen)壓器(qi) CX—被試品 μA—帶保(bao)護(hu)微(wei)安(an)表
泄露試(shi)驗中限(xian)(xian)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻R1選(xuan)擇在額定(ding)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時，輸(shu)出端(duan)短路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流不超過高壓(ya)硅堆的(de)(de)*大(da)整流。如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)硅堆的(de)(de)*大(da)整流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為100mA時用于(yu)60kV的(de)(de)試(shi)驗裝置中，限(xian)(xian)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選(xuan)擇。限(xian)(xian)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻還(huan)應具有(you)足夠(gou)的(de)(de)容量和(he)沿面放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)距(ju)離(li)。
高(gao)壓濾波電(dian)容(rong)C1一般選擇在0.01~0.1μF，當被試(shi)品的電(dian)容(rong)量很大時(shi)，C1可省略不(bu)用。
泄露試(shi)驗(yan)的操作及(ji)注意事項(xiang)
1）試(shi)(shi)驗前應先檢查(cha)被試(shi)(shi)品是否停電，接地放電，一切對外連(lian)線是否擦(ca)干凈。要嚴防將試(shi)(shi)驗電壓加(jia)到有(you)人工作的部位上(shang)去(qu)。
2）接(jie)(jie)好試驗(yan)裝置(zhi)的接(jie)(jie)線后(hou)，應復(fu)查無(wu)誤后(hou)才可加(jia)壓。應特別注意檢查高(gao)壓設備及(ji)引線與地、與操(cao)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)的**距離，被試品的外殼是否可靠(kao)接(jie)(jie)地，要按**規(gui)程(cheng)中所規(gui)定的內容進行試驗(yan)。
3）對于(yu)大(da)電(dian)容量(liang)設(she)備應緩(huan)慢升壓，防止被試品的(de)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流燒壞微安表。必要時(shi)應分級加壓，分別讀(du)取(qu)各(ge)級電(dian)壓下微安表的(de)穩(wen)定讀(du)數(shu)。
4）試驗(yan)過程中，應密切(qie)監視被試品、試驗(yan)裝置、微安表，一旦發生擊穿、閃爍等(deng)異常現象應立即降(jiang)壓，切(qie)斷電源，并查明(ming)原因，詳細記錄。
5）試驗(yan)完畢，降壓，切斷電源后應將被試品及試驗(yan)裝置本身充分放電。
四、WBTQSB-30KVA/100KV交流耐壓變壓器注意事項
1、按照(zhao)您所進行的(de)試(shi)驗接好(hao)工作線路。試(shi)驗變壓器(qi)的(de)外(wai)殼以及操作系統(tong)的(de)外(wai)殼必(bi)須(xu)可靠(kao)接地。試(shi)驗變壓器(qi)高壓繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)的(de)X端(高壓尾)以及測(ce)量繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)的(de)F端必(bi)須(xu)可靠(kao)接地。
2、做(zuo)串(chuan)級試(shi)驗時，**級、第三級試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器的低壓(ya)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)的X端，測量繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)的F端以及高壓(ya)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)的X端(高壓(ya)尾)均接(jie)本級試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器的外殼。**級、第三級試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器的外殼必須通(tong)過(guo)絕緣支架接(jie)地。
3、接(jie)通電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)前(qian)，操作(zuo)系統(tong)的調壓器必須調到零位后方可接(jie)通電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，合閘，開始升壓。
4、從零(ling)開(kai)始均勻旋轉調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器手輪升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方法(fa)(fa)有(you)：快(kuai)速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)，即(ji)20s逐(zhu)級升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)；慢(man)速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)，即(ji)60s逐(zhu)級升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)；極(ji)慢(man)速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)供(gong)選用。電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)從零(ling)開(kai)始按(an)一定(ding)的(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方式(shi)和速(su)(su)度(du)上升(sheng)(sheng)到您所需(xu)的(de)(de)額定(ding)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)75%后，在以每秒2%額定(ding)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)速(su)(su)度(du)升(sheng)(sheng)到您所需(xu)的(de)(de)額定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，并密切(qie)注(zhu)意(yi)測量儀表的(de)(de)指示以及被試(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)的(de)(de)情況。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過程中(zhong)(zhong)或(huo)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)過程中(zhong)(zhong)如發現測量儀表的(de)(de)指示及被試(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)情況異常(chang)，應立(li)即(ji)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，切(qie)斷電(dian)源，查明情況。
5、試(shi)驗完(wan)畢(bi)后(hou)(hou)，應在(zai)數秒(miao)內勻速的(de)將調壓器返(fan)回至零位(wei)，然后(hou)(hou)切斷電源。
6、本(ben)產(chan)品不得超過額(e)定參數使用。除試驗必須外，決不允許全電(dian)壓通電(dian)或(huo)斷電(dian)。
7、再升壓或耐壓試驗過(guo)程(cheng)中，如(ru)發現以(yi)下(xia)不正常情況時(shi)，應立即降壓，切斷電源，停止試驗并查明(ming)原因。
⑴電壓表(biao)指針擺動(或(huo)數字跳動)很大
⑵電流(liu)表(biao)直(zhi)線上升(sheng)
被(bei)試(shi)品內有(you)不正常(chang)的聲音
8、圖1中(zhong)第9項系壓力閥及壓力表，為(wei)長期關(guan)閉狀態。每6個月(yue)開閥一次，以檢查(cha)SF6壓力，應(ying)(ying)不小于(yu)0.2MPa(檢查(cha)壓力后(hou)立即關(guan)閉閥門)，低(di)于(yu)0.2MPa時應(ying)(ying)加SF6氣(qi)體(ti)，以增加氣(qi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)。
9、耐(nai)壓(ya)實驗前后(hou)應(ying)測量(liang)被試設(she)備的(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電阻(zu)，檢查絕(jue)緣(yuan)情(qing)況。
10、當試驗變壓器長期不使用(yong)時(shi)，應放(fang)置于通風、干(gan)燥、無陽(yang)光直射(she)的地方(fang)。
11、該產品不允許在高于45℃的溫度(du)下長期存放(fang)、使用(yong)、放(fang)氣。
12、運(yun)輸(shu)搬(ban)運(yun)途中不得(de)重力沖擊。
13、產品緊固件及壓力閥(fa)、壓力表不得(de)擅自松(song)動。
14、使用(yong)本(ben)產品做高壓試驗(yan)時，出(chu)熟悉本(ben)說明書外，還(huan)必須嚴格執行國(guo)家有關(guan)標(biao)準和(he)操作規(gui)程(cheng)。可參照(zhao)GB311-83《高壓輸變設備的絕緣配合(he)，高壓試驗(yan)技術》；《電氣設備預防性試驗(yan)規(gui)程(cheng)》等。
五、WBTQSB-30KVA/100KV交流耐壓變壓器容量選擇
標稱(cheng)試驗變壓器容量Pn的確定公(gong)式(shi)：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中：
Pn——標稱試驗變壓器容量(kVA)
Vn——試驗(yan)變壓器的額定輸出(chu)高壓的有效值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標(biao)稱(cheng)電壓Vn≥1MV時，k=2；標(biao)稱(cheng)電壓較低時，k值(zhi)可(ke)取高(gao)一(yi)些。
Ct——被試品的電容量(liang)(pF)
ω——角頻率，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源(yuan)的頻率
被(bei)試設備的電(dian)容量Ct可由交流電(dian)橋測出。Ct的變化很(hen)大(da)，
可由(you)設備(bei)的類型而定。
典(dian)型數據(ju)如下：
簡(jian)單的棒式或懸式絕緣子 幾十微法(fa)
簡單的分級(ji)套管 100～1000pF
電(dian)壓互感(gan)器 200 ～ 500pF
電力變(bian)壓器 < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高壓電力(li)電纜和油浸紙絕緣 250～300pF/m
氣體絕緣 ～60pF/m
封閉變電站，SF6氣體絕緣 100～10000Pf;
對于不同的試驗(yan)電壓Vn，選擇(ze)不同的(適當的)**系數k。
以下列出不同的(de)Vn所(suo)選用的(de)k值供參考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2