一、WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV工頻交流試驗變壓器概(gai)述
YDQ系(xi)列高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)根據《試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)》標(biao)準，在油(you)(you)浸式試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上而設計生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)體具(ju)有(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)氣(qi)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)性能及(ji)優異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滅弧性能，其耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強度為同(tong)一(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力下氮氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍，擊(ji)穿電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍。在0.25MPa下與油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相等(deng)，在0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力下是(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍，是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)優于油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新一(yi)代超高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)介質材(cai)料。該產品(pin)技術要求完(wan)全符合《ZBK-41006-89》標(biao)準，它是(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)浸式輕型(xing)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)換代產品(pin)。該產品(pin)具(ju)有(you)體積小、重量輕、不受氣(qi)候變(bian)化影(ying)響、電(dian)暈小、現(xian)場搬(ban)運無(wu)需靜止可使用，使用壽命(ming)長(chang)、免(mian)維修等(deng)特(te)點。適用于電(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)、工礦企(qi)業(ye)、科研部門等(deng)對各種(zhong)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)氣(qi)設備、電(dian)氣(qi)元(yuan)件、絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)材(cai)料進行工頻(pin)或直流高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)強度試驗(yan)。
二、WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV工頻交流試驗變壓器產品結構
YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器采用(yong)單框芯式鐵芯結構，初(chu)級繞組(zu)繞在鐵芯上，高(gao)壓(ya)繞組(zu)在外，這種同軸布置減少(shao)了漏磁通，因而增(zeng)大了繞組(zu)間的耦合。產(chan)品(pin)的外殼為(wei)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)灌式容(rong)器結構，能耐(nai)受0.8MPa以(yi)上壓(ya)力。其(qi)結構見圖1：
三、WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV工頻交流試驗變壓器工作原理
YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)試驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)為(wei)單相變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)，聯結組(zu)標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用工(gong)頻220V(10kVA以(yi)上為(wei)380V)電源接入 (為(wei)本公(gong)司生產的試驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)配套(tao)專用設備，詳細資料(liao)請(qing)見其具(ju)體使(shi)用說明書)系列操作箱(臺)，經操作箱內自偶調(diao)(diao)壓(ya)器(qi)(50kVA以(yi)上調(diao)(diao)壓(ya)器(qi)外附(fu))調(diao)(diao)節至(zhi)(zhi)0～200V(或0～400V)電壓(ya)輸出至(zhi)(zhi)YDQ試驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的初級(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)，根(gen)據(ju)電磁感應原理(li)，在試驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)高(gao)壓(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)可獲得(de)試驗所需(xu)的高(gao)電壓(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列高壓(ya)(ya)試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的工作原理圖見圖2。
單臺YDQ系列交直流(liu)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的工作(zuo)原理圖見圖3，圖中(zhong)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)套(tao)管中(zhong)裝(zhuang)有高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)硅堆，串接在高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)回路中(zhong)作(zuo)半波整流(liu)，以獲(huo)得(de)直流(liu)高(gao)(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。當用一短路桿將高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)硅堆短接時(shi)，可獲(huo)得(de)工頻高(gao)(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，作(zuo)為(wei)交流(liu)輸(shu)出(chu)狀(zhuang)態(tai)；取(qu)消短路桿時(shi)，作(zuo)為(wei)直流(liu)輸(shu)出(chu)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。
試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器高(gao)壓(ya)套管中的高(gao)壓(ya)硅堆未(wei)畫出，其原理(li)與上(shang)圖(tu)相同(tong)。
三臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)接(jie)線原(yuan)理見圖(tu)4。串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有很大的(de)優(you)越性，因為整個試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置由幾臺(tai)(tai)單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)，單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)容(rong)量小(xiao)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)、重量輕，便于運輸和(he)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)。它既然(ran)可串(chuan)接(jie)成(cheng)高(gao)出(chu)幾倍的(de)單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)(zu)合使(shi)用(yong)，又可分開成(cheng)幾套(tao)單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)獨(du)使(shi)用(yong)。整套(tao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置投資小(xiao)，經濟實(shi)惠。圖(tu)5中(zhong)，在**級(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)每個單(dan)元試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)都(dou)有一個勵(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1和(he)A2、C2。在三臺(tai)(tai)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原(yuan)理中(zhong)，低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源加(jia)在試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)a1x1上(shang)，單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都(dou)是(shi)V。勵(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1給(gei)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)勵(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)A2、C2給(gei)第(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)第(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)箱體(ti)分別(bie)(bie)處在對(dui)地(di)(di)為1V和(he)2V的(de)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位上(shang)，所以箱體(ti)對(dui)地(di)(di)是(shi)絕緣(yuan)的(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)箱體(ti)是(shi)接(jie)地(di)(di)的(de)。這樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)地(di)(di)的(de)額定(ding)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分別(bie)(bie)為1V、2V、3V；其額定(ding)容(rong)量分別(bie)(bie)為3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高壓試驗變壓器做被試品(pin)的工頻耐壓試驗使(shi)用接線原理圖見圖5。
圖(tu)中：R1—限流(liu)電阻 FRC—阻容分壓器 RF—球間隙(xi)保護電阻 G—球間隙(xi) CX—被試品
注(zhu)：高(gao)壓尾必須可靠接地
工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)中(zhong)限流(liu)(liu)電阻R1應根據(ju)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)額(e)(e)定(ding)容(rong)(rong)量來選擇。如高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)側(ce)額(e)(e)定(ding)輸出(chu)電流(liu)(liu)在100～300mA時(shi)，可(ke)取0.5～1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya)(ya))；高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)側(ce)額(e)(e)定(ding)輸出(chu)電流(liu)(liu)為1A以上時(shi)，可(ke)取1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya)(ya))。常用(yong)水電阻作為限流(liu)(liu)電阻，管子(zi)長度可(ke)按150kV/m考(kao)慮(lv)，管子(zi)粗細應具有足(zu)夠的(de)(de)熱容(rong)(rong)量(水阻液配制方法：用(yong)蒸(zheng)餾水加(jia)入適量硫酸銅配制成各(ge)種不同的(de)(de)阻值)。
球間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)及保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)電阻(zu)：當電壓(ya)超過球間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)整定值時(一般取(qu)試(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya)的110%~120%)，球間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)放電，對被試(shi)品起(qi)到保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)作用(yong)。球間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)電阻(zu)可按1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya))選取(qu)。
在(zai)工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)中，低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀(yi)表(biao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不(bu)是(shi)非(fei)常準確的(de)，其原因是(shi)由于試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)存在(zai)著(zhu)(zhu)漏(lou)抗，在(zai)這個漏(lou)抗上(shang)必(bi)然存在(zai)著(zhu)(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降或容(rong)升，使試(shi)(shi)品上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)于或高于低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)上(shang)反(fan)映出來的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時，被(bei)試(shi)(shi)品上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是(shi)所(suo)謂容(rong)升現象。感應(ying)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時，試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)漏(lou)抗必(bi)然存在(zai)著(zhu)(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為(wei)了準確測(ce)量(liang)被(bei)試(shi)(shi)品上(shang)所(suo)施加的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此常在(zai)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側接入FRC阻容(rong)分(fen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)來測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工頻耐壓試驗操作注意(yi)事項
1）試(shi)驗人(ren)員應做好分(fen)工，明確相互間聯系方法(fa)。并有專門人(ren)監護(hu)現場**及(ji)觀察試(shi)品(pin)狀(zhuang)態。
2）被(bei)試(shi)(shi)品(pin)應先清掃干凈，并(bing)**干燥，以免損壞(huai)被(bei)試(shi)(shi)品(pin)和試(shi)(shi)驗帶來的誤差。
3）對于(yu)大型試驗(yan)，一般都(dou)應先進行空升(sheng)試驗(yan)。即不接試品時升(sheng)壓至試驗(yan)電壓，校對各(ge)種表計，調整球間(jian)隙。
4）升壓速度不(bu)能太(tai)快，并(bing)必須防止突然加壓。例如調(diao)壓器不(bu)在零(ling)位時突然合閘(zha)。也不(bu)能突然切斷電源，一般(ban)應在調(diao)壓器降(jiang)至(zhi)零(ling)位時拉閘(zha)。
5）當電(dian)壓升至試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓時，開始計時，到(dao)1min后，迅速(su)降(jiang)壓到(dao)1/3試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓以下(xia)時，才能(neng)拉開電(dian)源。
6）在(zai)升(sheng)壓或(huo)耐壓試驗過程中，如發現下列不正(zheng)常情況時，應(ying)立(li)即降(jiang)壓，切(qie)斷電(dian)源。停止(zhi)試驗并查明原因(yin)：①電(dian)壓表指針擺動很(hen)大；②發現絕緣燒焦(jiao)或(huo)冒煙；③被試品內(nei)有(you)不正(zheng)常的聲音。
7）耐壓試驗前后應測(ce)量絕緣(yuan)電(dian)阻，檢查絕緣(yuan)情況。
試驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器在(zai)做被(bei)試品的直流(liu)耐壓(ya)(ya)或泄(xie)露試驗時接線原理圖(tu)如圖(tu)6。
注：此試驗(yan)應先抽出短路桿“D”，圖(tu)6中所(suo)示。
圖中：VD—高壓(ya)硅堆 R1—限流電阻 C1—高壓(ya)濾波電容(rong)(rong) FRC—阻容(rong)(rong)分(fen)壓(ya)器 CX—被試品 μA—帶保(bao)護微安表
泄露試驗中限流(liu)電(dian)阻R1選擇在額(e)定輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)壓時(shi)，輸出(chu)(chu)端短路電(dian)流(liu)不超過高壓硅堆的(de)*大整流(liu)。如(ru)電(dian)壓硅堆的(de)*大整流(liu)電(dian)流(liu)為100mA時(shi)用于60kV的(de)試驗裝置中，限流(liu)電(dian)阻按(an)R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇。限流(liu)電(dian)阻還應具有(you)足夠的(de)容量和(he)沿面(mian)放電(dian)距離。
高(gao)壓濾波電容(rong)C1一(yi)般選(xuan)擇在0.01~0.1μF，當被試品的電容(rong)量很大時，C1可省(sheng)略(lve)不用。
泄露試驗的操作及注意(yi)事(shi)項
1）試驗(yan)前應先檢查(cha)被試品(pin)是否停電(dian)，接地(di)放電(dian)，一切(qie)對外連(lian)線是否擦干凈。要嚴(yan)防將(jiang)試驗(yan)電(dian)壓加到有人(ren)工作的(de)部位(wei)上去(qu)。
2）接(jie)好試驗裝置的(de)接(jie)線后，應(ying)復查無誤后才(cai)可(ke)(ke)加壓。應(ying)特別注意(yi)檢查高壓設(she)備及引線與地、與操作人員的(de)**距離，被試品的(de)外殼是否可(ke)(ke)靠接(jie)地，要按**規(gui)程(cheng)中所規(gui)定的(de)內(nei)容進(jin)行試驗。
3）對于大電(dian)容量(liang)設備應緩慢升壓，防止被(bei)試品的(de)充電(dian)電(dian)流燒壞微安(an)表。必要時應分級加壓，分別讀(du)取各級電(dian)壓下微安(an)表的(de)穩定讀(du)數。
4）試(shi)驗過(guo)程中，應(ying)密切監視被試(shi)品、試(shi)驗裝置(zhi)、微安表，一旦發生擊穿、閃爍等異常現象應(ying)立即降(jiang)壓，切斷電源，并查明原(yuan)因，詳細(xi)記錄。
5）試(shi)驗完畢(bi)，降(jiang)壓，切斷電(dian)源(yuan)后應(ying)將被試(shi)品及試(shi)驗裝(zhuang)置本身充分放(fang)電(dian)。
四、WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV工頻交流試驗變壓器注意事項
1、按照您所進行的試驗(yan)(yan)接(jie)(jie)好工作線路。試驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)的外殼(ke)以(yi)及操作系統的外殼(ke)必(bi)須(xu)可靠接(jie)(jie)地。試驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)高壓(ya)繞(rao)組的X端(高壓(ya)尾)以(yi)及測(ce)量(liang)繞(rao)組的F端必(bi)須(xu)可靠接(jie)(jie)地。
2、做(zuo)串級(ji)試驗(yan)時，**級(ji)、第三(san)級(ji)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)低壓(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)的(de)X端，測量繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)的(de)F端以及高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)的(de)X端(高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)尾)均接本級(ji)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)外(wai)殼(ke)。**級(ji)、第三(san)級(ji)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)外(wai)殼(ke)必須通過絕緣支架接地。
3、接(jie)通電(dian)源(yuan)前(qian)，操作(zuo)系(xi)統的調壓(ya)器必須調到零位后方可接(jie)通電(dian)源(yuan)，合閘，開始升壓(ya)。
4、從(cong)(cong)零(ling)開始均勻旋(xuan)轉調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器手(shou)輪升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)法(fa)有：快速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即(ji)20s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；慢(man)速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即(ji)60s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；極(ji)慢(man)速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)供(gong)選(xuan)用。電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)從(cong)(cong)零(ling)開始按(an)一定(ding)(ding)的升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)式和(he)速(su)度(du)上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您所(suo)需(xu)(xu)的額(e)定(ding)(ding)試驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的75%后，在(zai)以每秒2%額(e)定(ding)(ding)試驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的速(su)度(du)升(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您所(suo)需(xu)(xu)的額(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，并密切注意測(ce)量(liang)儀表的指示以及被試品的情(qing)(qing)況。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)或試驗過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)如發現測(ce)量(liang)儀表的指示及被試品情(qing)(qing)況異(yi)常(chang)，應(ying)立即(ji)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，切斷電(dian)源，查明情(qing)(qing)況。
5、試驗完畢后，應在數秒內勻速的將調壓(ya)器返回至(zhi)零位(wei)，然后切斷(duan)電源。
6、本產(chan)品不得超過額定參數使用。除(chu)試(shi)驗(yan)必須外，決不允許全電壓(ya)通電或斷電。
7、再(zai)升壓(ya)或耐(nai)壓(ya)試驗(yan)過程中，如發現以下不(bu)正(zheng)常(chang)情(qing)況時，應立即(ji)降壓(ya)，切斷電源，停止試驗(yan)并(bing)查明原因。
⑴電壓表指(zhi)針擺動(或(huo)數字(zi)跳動)很大
⑵電流表直線上升
被試品內有不正常的(de)聲音
8、圖1中第9項系(xi)壓(ya)(ya)力閥(fa)(fa)及壓(ya)(ya)力表，為(wei)長期(qi)關閉狀(zhuang)態。每6個(ge)月開閥(fa)(fa)一次，以(yi)檢(jian)查SF6壓(ya)(ya)力，應(ying)不(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)0.2MPa(檢(jian)查壓(ya)(ya)力后立(li)即關閉閥(fa)(fa)門)，低(di)于(yu)(yu)0.2MPa時應(ying)加SF6氣(qi)體，以(yi)增(zeng)加氣(qi)絕緣。
9、耐壓實驗(yan)前后(hou)應測(ce)量被(bei)試設備(bei)的絕緣電阻，檢查(cha)絕緣情況。
10、當試(shi)驗變壓器長期不使用(yong)時，應放置于通風(feng)、干燥、無(wu)陽光直射的地方(fang)。
11、該產品不允許在高于45℃的(de)溫度下長期存(cun)放、使用(yong)、放氣。
12、運輸搬運途中(zhong)不得重力沖(chong)擊。
13、產品緊固(gu)件及壓(ya)力(li)閥、壓(ya)力(li)表不得擅自松動。
14、使用本(ben)產(chan)品做高壓試驗(yan)時，出(chu)熟(shu)悉本(ben)說明(ming)書外，還(huan)必須嚴格執行國家有關標準(zhun)和(he)操作規程(cheng)。可(ke)參照GB311-83《高壓輸變設(she)(she)備的(de)絕緣(yuan)配合，高壓試驗(yan)技術》；《電氣設(she)(she)備預防性試驗(yan)規程(cheng)》等。
五、WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV工頻交流試驗變壓器容量選擇
標稱試(shi)驗變壓器(qi)容量Pn的確定(ding)公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中：
Pn——標稱試驗變(bian)壓器容量(liang)(kVA)
Vn——試驗變壓(ya)器的額定輸出高壓(ya)的有效值(kV)
k ——**系數(shu)。k≥1，標稱(cheng)電壓(ya)Vn≥1MV時(shi)，k=2；標稱(cheng)電壓(ya)較(jiao)低時(shi)，k值可取高一些。
Ct——被試品的電容量(liang)(pF)
ω——角頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源的頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)
被試(shi)設備(bei)的電容量Ct可(ke)由交流電橋測出。Ct的變(bian)化很大，
可由設備(bei)的類型(xing)而(er)定。
典(dian)型數據如(ru)下：
簡單(dan)的棒式(shi)或懸式(shi)絕緣子 幾十微法
簡(jian)單的分級套管 100～1000pF
電壓互感器 200 ～ 500pF
電力變壓器(qi) < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高(gao)壓電力電纜和(he)油(you)浸紙絕(jue)緣 250～300pF/m
氣體絕緣 ～60pF/m
封閉變電(dian)站，SF6氣體絕緣 100～10000Pf;
對于(yu)不同(tong)的(de)試驗電壓Vn，選擇不同(tong)的(de)(適當的(de))**系數k。
以下列出不同(tong)的Vn所選用(yong)的k值供參考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2