一、WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV交流耐壓變壓器概(gai)述
YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)是根據《試(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)》標準，在油浸式試(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)基礎上而設計生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)(qi)體具有良好(hao)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)絕緣性能及優(you)異的(de)(de)滅(mie)弧性能，其耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強(qiang)度(du)為同一(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)氮氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)2.5倍，擊(ji)(ji)穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)2.5倍。在0.25MPa下(xia)與油的(de)(de)擊(ji)(ji)穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相等(deng)，在0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)是油的(de)(de)擊(ji)(ji)穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)2倍，是一(yi)種優(you)于油的(de)(de)新一(yi)代超(chao)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)絕緣介質材料。該產(chan)(chan)品技術(shu)要(yao)求(qiu)完(wan)全符(fu)合《ZBK-41006-89》標準，它是油浸式輕型試(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)換(huan)代產(chan)(chan)品。該產(chan)(chan)品具有體積小、重量輕、不受氣(qi)(qi)候變(bian)(bian)化影響(xiang)、電(dian)(dian)暈小、現(xian)場(chang)搬運無需靜止(zhi)可使用，使用壽命長、免(mian)維修等(deng)特(te)點(dian)。適用于電(dian)(dian)力系統、工礦企(qi)業、科(ke)研部(bu)門等(deng)對各種高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設備、電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)元件、絕緣材料進行工頻或直流高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)的(de)(de)絕緣強(qiang)度(du)試(shi)(shi)驗。
二、WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV交流耐壓變壓器產品結構
YDQ系列(lie)高壓試驗變(bian)壓器采用單(dan)框芯(xin)式鐵芯(xin)結構(gou)，初級繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組繞(rao)(rao)(rao)在(zai)(zai)鐵芯(xin)上，高壓繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組在(zai)(zai)外(wai)，這種同軸(zhou)布置減(jian)少了漏磁通，因而(er)增大了繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組間的(de)耦合。產品的(de)外(wai)殼為圓柱灌式容器結構(gou)，能(neng)耐受0.8MPa以上壓力。其(qi)結構(gou)見(jian)圖1：
三、WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV交流耐壓變壓器工作原理
YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)為單相變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)，聯(lian)結(jie)組(zu)標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用工頻(pin)220V(10kVA以上為380V)電(dian)(dian)源接入 (為本公司生產的試(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)配套專用設備，詳細資料請見(jian)其(qi)具體使用說明書)系列操作箱(臺)，經操作箱內(nei)自偶調壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(50kVA以上調壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)外附)調節(jie)至0～200V(或0～400V)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)輸出至YDQ試(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的初級繞(rao)組(zu)，根據電(dian)(dian)磁感應原理，在(zai)試(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)可獲得試(shi)(shi)驗所需(xu)的高(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器(qi)的工作原理圖見圖2。
單臺YDQ系列交直(zhi)流高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的工(gong)作原理(li)圖(tu)見圖(tu)3，圖(tu)中高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)套管(guan)中裝有高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)硅(gui)堆(dui)，串接在高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)回路(lu)(lu)中作半波整流，以獲(huo)得直(zhi)流高(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)。當(dang)用一短路(lu)(lu)桿(gan)將高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)硅(gui)堆(dui)短接時，可獲(huo)得工(gong)頻(pin)高(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)，作為交流輸出狀態；取消短路(lu)(lu)桿(gan)時，作為直(zhi)流輸出狀態。
試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)套管(guan)中的高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)硅(gui)堆未畫出，其原理(li)與(yu)上圖相同。
三(san)(san)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串(chuan)(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲(huo)得更高電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接線(xian)原理見圖4。串(chuan)(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)優越(yue)性，因為(wei)整個(ge)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)置由幾臺(tai)(tai)單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)成，單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容(rong)(rong)量小(xiao)、電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重量輕(qing)，便于(yu)運輸和(he)(he)(he)安(an)裝(zhuang)。它既然(ran)可串(chuan)(chuan)接成高出幾倍(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)合使(shi)用(yong)，又可分(fen)(fen)(fen)開成幾套單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)獨使(shi)用(yong)。整套裝(zhuang)置投資小(xiao)，經(jing)濟實惠。圖5中(zhong)，在(zai)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)每(mei)個(ge)單(dan)元試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)都有(you)一個(ge)勵(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)A1、C1和(he)(he)(he)A2、C2。在(zai)三(san)(san)臺(tai)(tai)串(chuan)(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本(ben)原理中(zhong)，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)源加在(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)a1x1上，單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都是V。勵(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)A1、C1給**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)供電(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)勵(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)A2、C2給第三(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)供電(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)(he)(he)第三(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)箱體分(fen)(fen)(fen)別處在(zai)對地(di)為(wei)1V和(he)(he)(he)2V的(de)(de)(de)(de)高電(dian)(dian)位上，所(suo)以箱體對地(di)是絕緣的(de)(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)箱體是接地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第三(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)定輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)(fen)(fen)別為(wei)1V、2V、3V；其額(e)定容(rong)(rong)量分(fen)(fen)(fen)別為(wei)3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系(xi)列高壓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓器做被試(shi)(shi)品的工(gong)頻耐壓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)使(shi)用接(jie)線原理(li)圖(tu)見圖(tu)5。
圖(tu)中：R1—限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu) FRC—阻(zu)容(rong)分壓器 RF—球間隙保護(hu)電(dian)阻(zu) G—球間隙 CX—被試(shi)品
注(zhu)：高壓尾必須可靠(kao)接地(di)
工頻耐壓試(shi)驗(yan)中限流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R1應根據試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓器的額定容量來(lai)選擇。如高壓側額定輸出電(dian)(dian)流在100～300mA時(shi)(shi)，可取(qu)0.5～1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓)；高壓側額定輸出電(dian)(dian)流為1A以上時(shi)(shi)，可取(qu)1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓)。常用水(shui)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)作(zuo)為限流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，管子(zi)長(chang)度可按150kV/m考慮，管子(zi)粗(cu)細應具有足夠的熱容量(水(shui)阻(zu)液配制(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)：用蒸餾水(shui)加入適量硫酸銅配制(zhi)成各種不同的阻(zu)值)。
球(qiu)間隙(xi)及保(bao)護(hu)電阻：當電壓(ya)超過球(qiu)間隙(xi)整定值(zhi)時(一般取試驗電壓(ya)的110%~120%)，球(qiu)間隙(xi)放電，對被試品起到保(bao)護(hu)作用。球(qiu)間隙(xi)保(bao)護(hu)電阻可按1Ω/V(試驗電壓(ya))選取。
在(zai)工頻(pin)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗中，低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表(biao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不(bu)是(shi)(shi)非常(chang)準確的(de)，其原因(yin)是(shi)(shi)由于試(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)存在(zai)著漏抗(kang)(kang)(kang)，在(zai)這(zhe)個漏抗(kang)(kang)(kang)上(shang)必(bi)然(ran)存在(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降或容(rong)升，使試(shi)(shi)品上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)于或高于低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)上(shang)反映出(chu)來(lai)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻(pin)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗時，被試(shi)(shi)品上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于試(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是(shi)(shi)所(suo)謂容(rong)升現象(xiang)。感(gan)應耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗時，試(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)漏抗(kang)(kang)(kang)必(bi)然(ran)存在(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為了(le)準確測(ce)量(liang)(liang)被試(shi)(shi)品上(shang)所(suo)施加的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因(yin)此常(chang)在(zai)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)接(jie)入FRC阻容(rong)分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)來(lai)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工頻耐壓試驗(yan)操作注(zhu)意事項
1）試驗人員應做好(hao)分工，明確相互(hu)間聯(lian)系方法。并有專門(men)人監護現場**及觀察試品狀態。
2）被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)應先清(qing)掃(sao)干凈(jing)，并**干燥，以免損(sun)壞被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)和(he)試(shi)驗帶來的誤(wu)差。
3）對于大型試驗(yan)，一般(ban)都應(ying)先進行空升試驗(yan)。即(ji)不接試品時(shi)升壓(ya)至試驗(yan)電壓(ya)，校(xiao)對各種(zhong)表計，調整球間隙。
4）升壓(ya)速度(du)不(bu)能太(tai)快，并必須防止突然(ran)加壓(ya)。例如(ru)調壓(ya)器(qi)不(bu)在零位時突然(ran)合閘。也不(bu)能突然(ran)切(qie)斷電源(yuan)，一般應在調壓(ya)器(qi)降至零位時拉閘。
5）當電壓升至(zhi)試(shi)驗電壓時(shi)(shi)，開(kai)始計時(shi)(shi)，到(dao)1min后，迅速降壓到(dao)1/3試(shi)驗電壓以下時(shi)(shi)，才能拉開(kai)電源。
6）在升壓或耐壓試(shi)驗過程中，如發(fa)現(xian)下(xia)列不正常(chang)情況(kuang)時，應立即(ji)降(jiang)壓，切斷電源。停止(zhi)試(shi)驗并查明原因(yin)：①電壓表指針擺(bai)動很大；②發(fa)現(xian)絕(jue)緣燒(shao)焦或冒煙；③被(bei)試(shi)品內有不正常(chang)的聲(sheng)音。
7）耐壓試驗前(qian)后應測量絕緣(yuan)電(dian)阻(zu)，檢查絕緣(yuan)情況。
試驗(yan)變壓器在做被(bei)試品的直流耐(nai)壓或泄露試驗(yan)時接線原理圖如圖6。
注(zhu)：此試(shi)驗應先抽(chou)出短路桿“D”，圖(tu)6中所示。
圖(tu)中：VD—高(gao)壓(ya)硅堆 R1—限流電阻(zu) C1—高(gao)壓(ya)濾波電容 FRC—阻(zu)容分壓(ya)器 CX—被(bei)試(shi)品(pin) μA—帶保護微安表
泄露試(shi)驗中限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R1選擇在(zai)額定輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)，輸出(chu)(chu)端短路電(dian)(dian)流(liu)不超(chao)過(guo)高壓(ya)硅(gui)堆的*大整流(liu)。如(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)硅(gui)堆的*大整流(liu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)為(wei)100mA時(shi)用于(yu)60kV的試(shi)驗裝(zhuang)置中，限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇。限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)還應具(ju)有足夠(gou)的容量和沿面放電(dian)(dian)距離。
高(gao)壓濾波(bo)電(dian)容(rong)C1一般選(xuan)擇在(zai)0.01~0.1μF，當被試品的電(dian)容(rong)量很大時，C1可省(sheng)略不用(yong)。
泄露試驗的操作及注意事項
1）試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗前應先檢查(cha)被試(shi)(shi)(shi)品是否(fou)停電，接地放電，一切(qie)對外連線是否(fou)擦干(gan)凈。要嚴防將試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗電壓(ya)加到有人工(gong)作的部位上去。
2）接(jie)好(hao)試(shi)驗裝置(zhi)的接(jie)線(xian)后，應(ying)復查無誤(wu)后才可(ke)(ke)加壓。應(ying)特別注意檢查高壓設備及引線(xian)與地(di)、與操(cao)作人(ren)員的**距(ju)離，被試(shi)品(pin)的外(wai)殼是否可(ke)(ke)靠接(jie)地(di)，要按**規程中所規定的內容進(jin)行(xing)試(shi)驗。
3）對于大電容量(liang)設(she)備應緩(huan)慢(man)升壓，防止被(bei)試品的(de)充電電流燒壞微(wei)安表。必要時應分(fen)(fen)級(ji)加壓，分(fen)(fen)別讀(du)取各級(ji)電壓下(xia)微(wei)安表的(de)穩定讀(du)數。
4）試驗(yan)(yan)過程(cheng)中，應密切監視(shi)被試品(pin)、試驗(yan)(yan)裝置、微安(an)表，一旦(dan)發(fa)生擊穿、閃爍等(deng)異(yi)常(chang)現象應立即降壓，切斷電源，并(bing)查明原因，詳細記錄。
5）試(shi)驗完畢(bi)，降壓，切(qie)斷電源后應將被(bei)試(shi)品及試(shi)驗裝置本(ben)身充分放電。
四、WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV交流耐壓變壓器注意事項
1、按照(zhao)您所進行(xing)的試驗(yan)接(jie)好(hao)工作線路(lu)。試驗(yan)變壓器的外殼(ke)以(yi)及(ji)操作系統的外殼(ke)必(bi)須(xu)可靠(kao)接(jie)地(di)。試驗(yan)變壓器高壓繞組的X端(高壓尾)以(yi)及(ji)測量繞組的F端必(bi)須(xu)可靠(kao)接(jie)地(di)。
2、做串級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)時，**級(ji)(ji)、第(di)三(san)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)低壓(ya)(ya)繞組的(de)X端，測量繞組的(de)F端以及高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)繞組的(de)X端(高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)尾)均接本(ben)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)外殼。**級(ji)(ji)、第(di)三(san)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)外殼必須(xu)通過絕(jue)緣支架接地。
3、接通電源(yuan)(yuan)前，操作系統的調壓器必須調到零(ling)位后方(fang)可接通電源(yuan)(yuan)，合閘，開始升壓。
4、從零開始(shi)均(jun)勻旋轉調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器手(shou)輪升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方法有：快(kuai)速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法，即20s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法；慢速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法，即60s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法；極慢速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法供選(xuan)用。電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)從零開始(shi)按一(yi)定(ding)的(de)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方式和(he)速(su)(su)度上升(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您所需的(de)額定(ding)試(shi)驗電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)75%后，在以每(mei)秒2%額定(ding)試(shi)驗電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)速(su)(su)度升(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您所需的(de)額定(ding)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，并密切注意測量儀表的(de)指(zhi)(zhi)示以及被(bei)(bei)試(shi)品的(de)情況。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)或試(shi)驗過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)如發現測量儀表的(de)指(zhi)(zhi)示及被(bei)(bei)試(shi)品情況異(yi)常，應立(li)即降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，切斷電源，查明情況。
5、試驗完(wan)畢后(hou)(hou)，應在數秒(miao)內(nei)勻(yun)速的將調壓器返回(hui)至(zhi)零位，然后(hou)(hou)切斷電源(yuan)。
6、本產(chan)品不(bu)(bu)得超過(guo)額定參數使用(yong)。除(chu)試驗必須外，決不(bu)(bu)允許全電壓通電或(huo)斷電。
7、再(zai)升壓或耐壓試驗過程中(zhong)，如發現(xian)以下不正常情況時，應立即降壓，切(qie)斷電源，停止試驗并查明(ming)原因。
⑴電壓(ya)表(biao)指針擺動(或(huo)數字(zi)跳動)很大
⑵電流表直線上升
被試品內有不正常的聲(sheng)音
8、圖1中第9項(xiang)系(xi)壓(ya)力(li)閥及壓(ya)力(li)表，為長(chang)期關(guan)閉(bi)(bi)狀(zhuang)態。每6個(ge)月開閥一次，以檢(jian)查SF6壓(ya)力(li)，應不小于0.2MPa(檢(jian)查壓(ya)力(li)后(hou)立即(ji)關(guan)閉(bi)(bi)閥門)，低于0.2MPa時應加SF6氣體，以增加氣絕緣。
9、耐壓實驗前后應測量被試(shi)設(she)備的絕緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)阻(zu)，檢(jian)查絕緣(yuan)(yuan)情況。
10、當(dang)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器長期不使用時(shi)，應放置于通(tong)風、干燥、無陽光直(zhi)射的(de)地方。
11、該產品(pin)不允許在高(gao)于45℃的(de)溫(wen)度(du)下長(chang)期存放、使用、放氣(qi)。
12、運(yun)(yun)輸搬運(yun)(yun)途(tu)中不得重(zhong)力沖(chong)擊。
13、產品(pin)緊固件(jian)及壓力閥、壓力表不得(de)擅自松動。
14、使用本(ben)產(chan)品做高(gao)(gao)壓試驗(yan)時(shi)，出熟悉本(ben)說明書(shu)外，還必須(xu)嚴格執行(xing)國(guo)家(jia)有(you)關標(biao)準和操作規(gui)程。可參照GB311-83《高(gao)(gao)壓輸變設(she)備(bei)的絕緣配合，高(gao)(gao)壓試驗(yan)技術》；《電(dian)氣設(she)備(bei)預防性試驗(yan)規(gui)程》等。
五、WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV交流耐壓變壓器容量選擇
標稱試驗變壓器容量(liang)Pn的確定公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中：
Pn——標稱試驗變壓器容(rong)量(kVA)
Vn——試(shi)驗變壓器的額定輸出高壓的有效值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標稱電(dian)壓Vn≥1MV時，k=2；標稱電(dian)壓較低時，k值(zhi)可取高(gao)一些。
Ct——被(bei)試品的電容量(pF)
ω——角頻率，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源的頻率
被(bei)試設備(bei)的電(dian)容量Ct可由交流電(dian)橋測出。Ct的變(bian)化很大，
可由設備的類型而定。
典型數據如下：
簡單的棒式(shi)或(huo)懸式(shi)絕緣子 幾(ji)十微法(fa)
簡單的分級(ji)套管 100～1000pF
電壓互(hu)感器(qi) 200 ～ 500pF
電力變壓器 < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高(gao)壓電力(li)電纜和(he)油浸紙絕緣 250～300pF/m
氣體絕緣 ～60pF/m
封閉變電(dian)站，SF6氣體(ti)絕緣(yuan) 100～10000Pf;
對于不(bu)同的(de)試(shi)驗電(dian)壓Vn，選擇不(bu)同的(de)(適當的(de))**系數k。
以下(xia)列出不同的Vn所(suo)選用的k值供參(can)考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV ; k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2