一、WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV高壓試驗變壓器概述

YDQ系(xi)列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)是(shi)根據(ju)《試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)》標準(zhun)，在油浸(jin)式試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的基礎(chu)上而設計生產的。SF6氣體具有(you)良好的電(dian)氣絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)及(ji)優(you)異(yi)的滅弧(hu)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)，其耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)強度為同一壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)氮氣的2.5倍，擊(ji)穿電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的空氣的2.5倍。在0.25MPa下(xia)與(yu)油的擊(ji)穿電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)相等，在0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)是(shi)油的擊(ji)穿電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的2倍，是(shi)一種優(you)于油的新(xin)一代超(chao)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)介質材料。該產品技(ji)術要求完(wan)全符(fu)合《ZBK-41006-89》標準(zhun)，它是(shi)油浸(jin)式輕(qing)型試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的換代產品。該產品具有(you)體積小(xiao)、重量(liang)輕(qing)、不受氣候變(bian)(bian)(bian)化影響、電(dian)暈小(xiao)、現場搬運無需靜止可使用(yong)，使用(yong)壽(shou)命長(chang)、免維修(xiu)等特點。適用(yong)于電(dian)力系(xi)統、工礦企業、科研部(bu)門等對各種高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)氣設備、電(dian)氣元件、絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)材料進行工頻或(huo)直(zhi)流高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)的絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)強度試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。

二、WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV高壓試驗變壓器產品結構

YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器采(cai)用單(dan)框(kuang)芯式(shi)鐵芯結構，初級繞(rao)組(zu)繞(rao)在鐵芯上(shang)，高(gao)壓(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)在外，這種同(tong)軸(zhou)布置(zhi)減少了漏磁通(tong)，因而增(zeng)大了繞(rao)組(zu)間的耦合(he)。產品的外殼為圓柱灌式(shi)容器結構，能(neng)耐受0.8MPa以上(shang)壓(ya)力。其(qi)結構見圖1：

三、WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV高壓試驗變壓器工作原理

YDQ系(xi)列(lie)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)為(wei)單相(xiang)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)，聯結組標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用(yong)工頻220V(10kVA以(yi)上(shang)(shang)為(wei)380V)電(dian)源接入 (為(wei)本公(gong)司生產的試(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)配套(tao)專用(yong)設備，詳細資料(liao)請見(jian)其具體(ti)使用(yong)說明書)系(xi)列(lie)操作箱(臺(tai))，經(jing)操作箱內自偶(ou)調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(50kVA以(yi)上(shang)(shang)調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)外附)調節(jie)至0～200V(或0～400V)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)輸(shu)出(chu)至YDQ試(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的初級繞組，根(gen)據電(dian)磁感應原理，在試(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞組可獲得試(shi)驗所需的高電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。

單臺YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)器的工(gong)作原理圖見圖2。

單(dan)臺YDQ系列交直流(liu)(liu)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器的工作(zuo)(zuo)原理(li)圖見圖3，圖中高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)套(tao)管中裝(zhuang)有高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)硅堆(dui)，串(chuan)接(jie)(jie)在(zai)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)回路中作(zuo)(zuo)半波整流(liu)(liu)，以獲(huo)(huo)得直流(liu)(liu)高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。當用(yong)一短路桿將高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)硅堆(dui)短接(jie)(jie)時(shi)，可(ke)獲(huo)(huo)得工頻高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，作(zuo)(zuo)為交流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)出狀態(tai)；取消(xiao)短路桿時(shi)，作(zuo)(zuo)為直流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)出狀態(tai)。

試驗變壓器高(gao)壓套管中的高(gao)壓硅堆未畫出(chu)，其原理與上圖相同。

三臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更高電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接線(xian)原(yuan)理見圖(tu)4。串級(ji)(ji)(ji)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優越性(xing)，因為整個(ge)(ge)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝置(zhi)由幾(ji)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成，單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)容量小、電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重量輕，便于運輸(shu)和(he)安裝。它(ta)既然可串接成高出幾(ji)倍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)(zu)合使用，又可分(fen)(fen)開(kai)成幾(ji)套(tao)(tao)單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)獨使用。整套(tao)(tao)裝置(zhi)投(tou)資小，經濟實惠。圖(tu)5中，在(zai)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每個(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中都有一(yi)個(ge)(ge)勵磁繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1和(he)A2、C2。在(zai)三臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原(yuan)理中，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)加在(zai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)a1x1上(shang)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)都是V。勵磁繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1給**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)供電(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勵磁繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)A2、C2給第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)供電(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)箱體分(fen)(fen)別處在(zai)對(dui)地為1V和(he)2V的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高電(dian)(dian)位上(shang)，所以箱體對(dui)地是絕緣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)箱體是接地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。這樣(yang)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)、第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額定(ding)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)(fen)別為1V、2V、3V；其額定(ding)容量分(fen)(fen)別為3P、2P、1P。

YDQ系列高壓試(shi)驗變(bian)壓器做被試(shi)品的工頻(pin)耐壓試(shi)驗使用接線原理圖(tu)見圖(tu)5。

圖中：R1—限流電阻(zu)       FRC—阻(zu)容分壓器(qi)     RF—球(qiu)間隙(xi)保護電阻(zu)     G—球(qiu)間隙(xi)          CX—被試品

注：高壓尾(wei)必(bi)須可靠(kao)接地

工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)(ya)試驗中限流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R1應根據試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)額定容量來選(xuan)擇。如高壓(ya)(ya)側(ce)額定輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)流在100～300mA時(shi)，可取(qu)0.5～1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya))；高壓(ya)(ya)側(ce)額定輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)流為1A以上時(shi)，可取(qu)1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya))。常用(yong)水電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)作為限流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，管(guan)子(zi)長(chang)度(du)可按150kV/m考慮(lv)，管(guan)子(zi)粗細應具有(you)足(zu)夠的(de)(de)熱(re)容量(水阻(zu)液配制方法：用(yong)蒸餾水加入(ru)適量硫(liu)酸銅配制成各(ge)種不同的(de)(de)阻(zu)值)。

球(qiu)(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)(xi)及保(bao)(bao)護電阻：當電壓超(chao)過球(qiu)(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)(xi)整定值時(shi)(一般取試驗電壓的110%~120%)，球(qiu)(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)(xi)放電，對(dui)被試品起到保(bao)(bao)護作用。球(qiu)(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)(xi)保(bao)(bao)護電阻可按1Ω/V(試驗電壓)選取。

在(zai)(zai)工頻(pin)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)中，低(di)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不(bu)是非常(chang)準確的，其原因是由(you)于(yu)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)漏(lou)抗(kang)(kang)，在(zai)(zai)這個漏(lou)抗(kang)(kang)上(shang)必然存(cun)在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)或(huo)容(rong)升，使試(shi)品上(shang)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)于(yu)或(huo)高(gao)于(yu)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表上(shang)反映(ying)出來的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻(pin)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)時，被試(shi)品上(shang)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于(yu)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是所謂(wei)容(rong)升現象。感應耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)時，試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的漏(lou)抗(kang)(kang)必然存(cun)在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)。為了(le)準確測(ce)量(liang)(liang)被試(shi)品上(shang)所施加(jia)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此(ci)常(chang)在(zai)(zai)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側接入FRC阻(zu)容(rong)分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)來測(ce)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。

工頻(pin)耐壓試驗操作注意事項

1）試驗人(ren)員(yuan)應做好分工，明(ming)確相互間聯(lian)系(xi)方法。并有專門人(ren)監護現場**及觀察試品狀態(tai)。

2）被試(shi)品應先(xian)清掃(sao)干(gan)(gan)凈(jing)，并**干(gan)(gan)燥，以(yi)免(mian)損壞被試(shi)品和(he)試(shi)驗帶來(lai)的誤差。

3）對于大型(xing)試驗，一般都(dou)應(ying)先進行空升(sheng)試驗。即(ji)不接試品(pin)時升(sheng)壓(ya)至(zhi)試驗電壓(ya)，校對各種(zhong)表(biao)計(ji)，調(diao)整(zheng)球間隙。

4）升壓速度不能太(tai)快，并必須防止(zhi)突然(ran)加壓。例如(ru)調壓器(qi)不在零位時突然(ran)合閘(zha)。也不能突然(ran)切斷電(dian)源，一般應在調壓器(qi)降至零位時拉閘(zha)。

5）當(dang)電壓升(sheng)至試(shi)驗電壓時(shi)，開始計時(shi)，到1min后，迅速(su)降壓到1/3試(shi)驗電壓以下時(shi)，才能拉(la)開電源(yuan)。

6）在升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)或(huo)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗過程(cheng)中，如發(fa)現下(xia)列不正(zheng)常情況時，應立即降壓(ya)(ya)，切斷(duan)電(dian)源。停止試(shi)驗并(bing)查明原因：①電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)表指針(zhen)擺動很大(da)；②發(fa)現絕緣燒焦或(huo)冒煙；③被試(shi)品內(nei)有不正(zheng)常的聲音。

7）耐壓試(shi)驗(yan)前后應測(ce)量絕緣(yuan)電阻(zu)，檢查(cha)絕緣(yuan)情(qing)況。

試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器在(zai)做被(bei)試品(pin)的直(zhi)流耐壓(ya)或泄露(lu)試驗時(shi)接(jie)線原理(li)圖如圖6。

注(zhu)：此試驗應先抽出短路桿“D”，圖(tu)6中所示(shi)。

圖中：VD—高(gao)壓硅堆     R1—限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)      C1—高(gao)壓濾波(bo)電(dian)容    FRC—阻(zu)容分壓器(qi)     CX—被(bei)試(shi)品    μA—帶保護微安表

泄露試(shi)驗(yan)中限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)R1選擇在額(e)定輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)時，輸出(chu)(chu)端短路電(dian)流(liu)不超過高(gao)壓(ya)硅堆的*大整(zheng)流(liu)。如電(dian)壓(ya)硅堆的*大整(zheng)流(liu)電(dian)流(liu)為(wei)100mA時用于(yu)60kV的試(shi)驗(yan)裝置中，限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇。限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)還應具有足(zu)夠的容量和(he)沿面放(fang)電(dian)距離。

高壓濾波電容C1一般選擇在0.01~0.1μF，當被試品的電容量很大時，C1可省略不用。

泄(xie)露試驗的操作及注(zhu)意事項(xiang)

1）試驗(yan)前應先檢查被試品是(shi)否停(ting)電，接(jie)地放(fang)電，一切對外連線是(shi)否擦干凈。要嚴防(fang)將試驗(yan)電壓加到有人(ren)工(gong)作的部位上去。

2）接(jie)好試(shi)驗(yan)裝置的接(jie)線(xian)后，應復查(cha)無誤后才可加(jia)壓(ya)。應特別注意檢查(cha)高壓(ya)設(she)備及引線(xian)與地(di)、與操作(zuo)人員的**距離，被試(shi)品的外殼(ke)是否可靠(kao)接(jie)地(di)，要按**規(gui)程中所(suo)規(gui)定的內(nei)容進(jin)行試(shi)驗(yan)。

3）對(dui)于大電(dian)(dian)容(rong)量設備應緩慢升壓(ya)，防止被試(shi)品的(de)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)燒(shao)壞微(wei)(wei)安表(biao)。必要時(shi)應分(fen)級(ji)加(jia)壓(ya)，分(fen)別讀(du)取各(ge)級(ji)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下微(wei)(wei)安表(biao)的(de)穩定讀(du)數。

4）試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)過程中，應(ying)密切(qie)監視被試(shi)(shi)品、試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)裝置、微安表，一旦發(fa)生擊穿、閃爍等異常現象應(ying)立(li)即降壓，切(qie)斷電源，并查明原因(yin)，詳細記錄。

5）試(shi)(shi)驗完畢(bi)，降壓(ya)，切斷電(dian)源后應(ying)將被試(shi)(shi)品及(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗裝置(zhi)本身充分(fen)放電(dian)。

四、WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV高壓試驗變壓器注意事項

1、按照您(nin)所進行的(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)接(jie)好工作線路。試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)器的(de)(de)外殼(ke)以及操作系統的(de)(de)外殼(ke)必須(xu)可(ke)靠(kao)接(jie)地(di)。試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)器高(gao)壓(ya)繞(rao)組的(de)(de)X端(duan)(高(gao)壓(ya)尾)以及測量繞(rao)組的(de)(de)F端(duan)必須(xu)可(ke)靠(kao)接(jie)地(di)。

2、做串級(ji)(ji)試驗時，**級(ji)(ji)、第三級(ji)(ji)試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)低壓(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組的(de)X端(duan)，測量(liang)繞(rao)組的(de)F端(duan)以及高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組的(de)X端(duan)(高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)尾)均接(jie)(jie)本級(ji)(ji)試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)外(wai)殼(ke)。**級(ji)(ji)、第三級(ji)(ji)試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)外(wai)殼(ke)必須通(tong)過絕緣支架接(jie)(jie)地。

3、接通電(dian)源前，操作系統的調壓器(qi)必須調到零位后方(fang)可接通電(dian)源，合閘，開始(shi)升壓。

4、從零開(kai)始均勻旋轉調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器手(shou)輪(lun)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方法(fa)有：快(kuai)速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即20s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；慢速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即60s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；極慢速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)供選用(yong)。電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)從零開(kai)始按一定(ding)的升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方式和速(su)(su)度(du)上升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您所(suo)需(xu)的額(e)定(ding)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的75%后(hou)，在以每秒2%額(e)定(ding)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的速(su)(su)度(du)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您所(suo)需(xu)的額(e)定(ding)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，并密切(qie)注(zhu)意測(ce)量儀表的指示以及被(bei)試(shi)(shi)品的情況。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)或試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)如發現(xian)測(ce)量儀表的指示及被(bei)試(shi)(shi)品情況異常(chang)，應立即降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，切(qie)斷電源，查明情況。

5、試驗(yan)完(wan)畢后，應(ying)在數秒(miao)內勻(yun)速的將調(diao)壓器返回至零(ling)位(wei)，然后切斷電源。

6、本產品不(bu)得超過(guo)額定參數(shu)使用。除試驗必須(xu)外，決不(bu)允(yun)許全電壓通電或斷電。

7、再升壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗過程中，如(ru)發現以(yi)下不正常(chang)情(qing)況時，應立即(ji)降壓(ya)，切(qie)斷電源(yuan)，停止試(shi)驗并查明(ming)原因。

⑴電壓(ya)表指針擺動(或數(shu)字跳動)很大

⑵電流表(biao)直(zhi)線上升

被試品內有不(bu)正常的聲(sheng)音

8、圖1中第9項系壓(ya)力閥(fa)及壓(ya)力表(biao)，為長期關閉狀(zhuang)態。每6個(ge)月開(kai)閥(fa)一次，以(yi)檢查SF6壓(ya)力，應(ying)不小于0.2MPa(檢查壓(ya)力后立即關閉閥(fa)門(men))，低于0.2MPa時應(ying)加(jia)SF6氣體，以(yi)增加(jia)氣絕(jue)緣(yuan)。

9、耐(nai)壓實(shi)驗前(qian)后應測量(liang)被試設備(bei)的絕緣電阻，檢查絕緣情況。

10、當試驗(yan)變壓器長期(qi)不(bu)使(shi)用時，應(ying)放置于(yu)通風、干燥、無陽(yang)光直射的地方(fang)。

11、該(gai)產品不允許在(zai)高于45℃的溫(wen)度(du)下長期存(cun)放、使用、放氣。

12、運輸搬運途中不得重力沖擊。

13、產品緊固件及(ji)壓力閥(fa)、壓力表不得(de)擅自松動。

14、使用本產品做高壓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時，出熟(shu)悉本說明書(shu)外，還必須嚴格執行國(guo)家有關標準(zhun)和操作規(gui)程。可參照GB311-83《高壓輸變(bian)設備的絕緣配合，高壓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)技術》；《電氣設備預防性試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)規(gui)程》等。

五、WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV高壓試驗變壓器容量選擇

標稱試驗變壓器容量(liang)Pn的確定公(gong)式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9

式中：

Pn——標稱試(shi)驗變(bian)壓器容量(kVA)

Vn——試驗變(bian)壓器(qi)的額定(ding)輸(shu)出高壓的有效(xiao)值(kV)

k ——**系數(shu)。k≥1，標(biao)稱電(dian)壓Vn≥1MV時，k=2；標(biao)稱電(dian)壓較低時，k值(zhi)可取高一些。

Ct——被(bei)試(shi)品的(de)電(dian)容量(liang)(pF)

ω——角頻率，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源的(de)頻率

被試設備的(de)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)量Ct可由交流電(dian)(dian)橋測出。Ct的(de)變化很大，

可由設備的類型而(er)定。

典型數據如下：

簡單的棒(bang)式(shi)或懸式(shi)絕緣子             幾十(shi)微法

簡單的分(fen)級套管                     100～1000pF

電壓(ya)互感器                         200 ～ 500pF

電力變壓器(qi)   &nbsp; ;  < 1000kVA ～1000pF

> 1000kVA        1000～10000pF

高壓電(dian)力電(dian)纜和油浸紙絕緣           250～300pF/m

氣體絕緣(yuan)                   &nbsp;   &nbsp;   ～60pF/m

封閉(bi)變電站(zhan)，SF6氣體絕緣  &nbsp;         100～10000Pf;

對于(yu)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)試驗電壓Vn，選擇不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(適當(dang)的(de))**系數k。

以下列出不同(tong)的Vn所選用的k值(zhi)供參(can)考。

Vn =50~100kV        k = 4

Vn =150~300kV       k = 3

Vn > 300kV    &nbsp;     k = 2