一(yi)、WBTQSB-150KVA/300KV交流耐壓機概述
YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)是根據《試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)》標準，在油(you)浸式(shi)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)基礎上而設計生產的(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣體具(ju)有良好的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)氣絕(jue)緣性能(neng)及(ji)優異的(de)(de)(de)滅弧性能(neng)，其耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強度為同(tong)一壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力下氮氣的(de)(de)(de)2.5倍，擊穿電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)空氣的(de)(de)(de)2.5倍。在0.25MPa下與(yu)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)擊穿電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相等(deng)，在0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力下是油(you)的(de)(de)(de)擊穿電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)2倍，是一種優于油(you)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)一代超高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)絕(jue)緣介質(zhi)材(cai)料。該產品技術要求完全符合《ZBK-41006-89》標準，它是油(you)浸式(shi)輕型(xing)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)換代產品。該產品具(ju)有體積小、重量輕、不受氣候變化影響、電(dian)暈小、現場搬(ban)運無需(xu)靜止(zhi)可使用，使用壽命長、免維(wei)修等(deng)特點。適用于電(dian)力系統、工礦企(qi)業、科研部門等(deng)對各種高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)氣設備、電(dian)氣元(yuan)件(jian)、絕(jue)緣材(cai)料進(jin)行工頻(pin)或(huo)直流高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣強度試(shi)驗。
二、WBTQSB-150KVA/300KV交流耐壓機產品結構
YDQ系列高壓試驗變壓器采用單框芯(xin)式(shi)鐵芯(xin)結構，初級(ji)繞(rao)組繞(rao)在鐵芯(xin)上，高壓繞(rao)組在外，這(zhe)種同軸布置減少了(le)漏磁通(tong)，因而(er)增大(da)了(le)繞(rao)組間的耦合(he)。產品的外殼(ke)為圓柱灌式(shi)容器結構，能(neng)耐(nai)受(shou)0.8MPa以(yi)上壓力。其結構見圖1：
三、WBTQSB-150KVA/300KV交流耐壓機工作原理
YDQ系(xi)列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)為(wei)(wei)單相變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)，聯結組(zu)標號(hao)Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用工頻220V(10kVA以上(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)380V)電(dian)(dian)源接入 (為(wei)(wei)本(ben)公司(si)生(sheng)產的試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)配套專用設備，詳細(xi)資料請見(jian)其具體(ti)使用說明書)系(xi)列操作箱(xiang)(xiang)(臺(tai))，經操作箱(xiang)(xiang)內自偶(ou)調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(50kVA以上(shang)(shang)調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)外附)調節(jie)至0～200V(或0～400V)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)輸(shu)出至YDQ試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的初(chu)級繞(rao)組(zu)，根據電(dian)(dian)磁感應原(yuan)理(li)，在試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)可獲得試(shi)(shi)驗所需的高(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。
單臺(tai)YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器的工(gong)作(zuo)原理圖(tu)見圖(tu)2。
單臺YDQ系列交直流(liu)(liu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的工作原理(li)圖見圖3，圖中(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)套管(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)裝有(you)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)硅堆，串(chuan)接在高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)回路中(zhong)(zhong)作半波整流(liu)(liu)，以獲(huo)(huo)得直流(liu)(liu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。當(dang)用一短(duan)(duan)路桿將(jiang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)硅堆短(duan)(duan)接時(shi)，可(ke)獲(huo)(huo)得工頻高(gao)(gao)(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，作為交流(liu)(liu)輸出狀態；取消短(duan)(duan)路桿時(shi)，作為直流(liu)(liu)輸出狀態。
試(shi)驗變壓器高(gao)壓套管中的高(gao)壓硅堆(dui)未(wei)畫出，其原理與(yu)上圖相同。
三(san)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更高電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接線原理見圖4。串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)有很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)越性，因(yin)為整個(ge)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)置由幾臺單臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)成，單臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)容量小、電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)、重(zhong)量輕，便于(yu)運輸(shu)和(he)安裝(zhuang)。它既(ji)然可串接成高出幾倍(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)合(he)使(shi)用，又可分(fen)開成幾套單臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)單獨使(shi)用。整套裝(zhuang)置投資小，經濟實惠。圖5中(zhong)，在**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每個(ge)單元(yuan)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)都(dou)有一(yi)個(ge)勵磁繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1和(he)A2、C2。在三(san)臺串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)基本原理中(zhong)，低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)源(yuan)加在試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)a1x1上，單臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都(dou)是V。勵磁繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1給(gei)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)供(gong)電(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勵磁繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)A2、C2給(gei)第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)供(gong)電(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)體分(fen)別(bie)處在對(dui)地(di)為1V和(he)2V的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高電(dian)位上，所(suo)以(yi)箱(xiang)體對(dui)地(di)是絕緣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)體是接地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)樣(yang)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)對(dui)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額定(ding)輸(shu)出電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)別(bie)為1V、2V、3V；其額定(ding)容量分(fen)別(bie)為3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高壓試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓器做被試(shi)品的(de)工頻耐(nai)壓試(shi)驗(yan)使用接線原(yuan)理圖見(jian)圖5。
圖(tu)中：R1—限流電(dian)阻 FRC—阻容分壓(ya)器 RF—球(qiu)(qiu)間隙(xi)保護(hu)電(dian)阻 G—球(qiu)(qiu)間隙(xi) CX—被試品(pin)
注(zhu)：高壓尾(wei)必須可靠(kao)接地(di)
工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗中限流(liu)(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)R1應(ying)根據試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)來(lai)選(xuan)擇。如高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)側額(e)定(ding)輸出電(dian)流(liu)(liu)在100～300mA時(shi)，可(ke)取0.5～1Ω/V(試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya))；高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)側額(e)定(ding)輸出電(dian)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)1A以上時(shi)，可(ke)取1Ω/V(試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya))。常(chang)用水(shui)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)作(zuo)為(wei)限流(liu)(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，管子(zi)長度可(ke)按(an)150kV/m考慮，管子(zi)粗細應(ying)具有(you)足夠的(de)(de)熱容(rong)量(liang)(水(shui)阻(zu)(zu)液(ye)配制(zhi)方法：用蒸餾水(shui)加入適量(liang)硫酸銅配制(zhi)成各(ge)種不同的(de)(de)阻(zu)(zu)值)。
球間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)及(ji)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻：當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)超過(guo)球間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)整定值時(一般取(qu)試驗電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的110%~120%)，球間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，對被試品起到(dao)保(bao)護作用。球間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻可按1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya))選(xuan)取(qu)。
在(zai)工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)中，低電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是非(fei)常(chang)準(zhun)確的，其原因(yin)是由(you)于試驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器存(cun)在(zai)著漏(lou)(lou)抗(kang)，在(zai)這個漏(lou)(lou)抗(kang)上(shang)(shang)必(bi)然(ran)存(cun)在(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)或(huo)容升，使試品上(shang)(shang)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低于或(huo)高于低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表上(shang)(shang)反映出來(lai)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)時(shi)，被試品上(shang)(shang)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于試驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是所謂容升現象(xiang)。感(gan)應耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)時(shi)，試驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的漏(lou)(lou)抗(kang)必(bi)然(ran)存(cun)在(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)。為了準(zhun)確測量(liang)被試品上(shang)(shang)所施加(jia)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因(yin)此常(chang)在(zai)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)接(jie)入FRC阻容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器來(lai)測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見(jian)圖5)。
工頻(pin)耐壓試驗操作注意事(shi)項
1）試(shi)驗人員(yuan)應做好分工，明確相(xiang)互間聯系方法。并有專門人監護(hu)現(xian)場**及觀(guan)察試(shi)品狀態。
2）被試品(pin)(pin)應先(xian)清(qing)掃(sao)干凈，并**干燥，以免損壞被試品(pin)(pin)和(he)試驗帶來(lai)的誤差。
3）對于大型試驗，一般都應(ying)先進行空升試驗。即不接試品時升壓至(zhi)試驗電壓，校對各種表計，調整(zheng)球間隙(xi)。
4）升壓(ya)速度不(bu)(bu)(bu)能太快，并必須防止突(tu)然加壓(ya)。例如調壓(ya)器不(bu)(bu)(bu)在零位(wei)時突(tu)然合閘。也不(bu)(bu)(bu)能突(tu)然切(qie)斷(duan)電源，一(yi)般應在調壓(ya)器降至(zhi)零位(wei)時拉(la)閘。
5）當電壓(ya)(ya)升至試驗(yan)電壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)(shi)，開始計時(shi)(shi)，到1min后(hou)，迅速降壓(ya)(ya)到1/3試驗(yan)電壓(ya)(ya)以下(xia)時(shi)(shi)，才(cai)能(neng)拉開電源。
6）在升壓(ya)或(huo)耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗過程(cheng)中(zhong)，如發現(xian)下列不正常情(qing)況(kuang)時，應立即(ji)降壓(ya)，切斷(duan)電源。停止試(shi)驗并查明原因：①電壓(ya)表指針擺(bai)動(dong)很大；②發現(xian)絕緣燒(shao)焦(jiao)或(huo)冒(mao)煙；③被試(shi)品內有不正常的聲(sheng)音(yin)。
7）耐(nai)壓試驗(yan)前(qian)后應測量絕緣電阻，檢查(cha)絕緣情況(kuang)。
試驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器在(zai)做被(bei)試品(pin)的直流耐(nai)壓(ya)或泄露試驗(yan)(yan)時接線原理圖(tu)如(ru)圖(tu)6。
注(zhu)：此試驗應先抽出短(duan)路桿“D”，圖6中所示(shi)。
圖(tu)中：VD—高壓(ya)硅(gui)堆 R1—限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻 C1—高壓(ya)濾(lv)波電(dian)容 FRC—阻容分(fen)壓(ya)器 CX—被試品 μA—帶保護(hu)微安表(biao)
泄(xie)露(lu)試驗中限流(liu)電(dian)阻R1選(xuan)(xuan)擇在額(e)定輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓時，輸(shu)出(chu)端短路(lu)電(dian)流(liu)不超過(guo)高壓硅堆(dui)的*大整流(liu)。如電(dian)壓硅堆(dui)的*大整流(liu)電(dian)流(liu)為100mA時用(yong)于60kV的試驗裝置中，限流(liu)電(dian)阻按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選(xuan)(xuan)擇。限流(liu)電(dian)阻還應具有(you)足夠的容量(liang)和沿面放電(dian)距離。
高壓濾(lv)波電(dian)(dian)容C1一般(ban)選擇(ze)在0.01~0.1μF，當被試品的電(dian)(dian)容量(liang)很大時，C1可(ke)省略不用。
泄露試驗的操作及(ji)注意事項
1）試驗前應先檢查被(bei)試品是否停電，接地放電，一切(qie)對外連線是否擦干凈(jing)。要嚴防將(jiang)試驗電壓加到有(you)人工作的部(bu)位上去。
2）接(jie)好試驗裝(zhuang)置的(de)接(jie)線后，應(ying)復查(cha)無誤后才可(ke)加壓。應(ying)特別注(zhu)意檢查(cha)高壓設備及引(yin)線與(yu)地(di)、與(yu)操作人員的(de)**距(ju)離，被試品的(de)外殼是否可(ke)靠接(jie)地(di)，要按**規(gui)程中所規(gui)定(ding)的(de)內容進行試驗。
3）對于大電(dian)容量(liang)設備應緩慢升壓，防止(zhi)被(bei)試品的充電(dian)電(dian)流燒(shao)壞微安表。必要時應分級加(jia)壓，分別讀(du)取各級電(dian)壓下微安表的穩定讀(du)數。
4）試(shi)驗過程(cheng)中，應密切(qie)監視被試(shi)品、試(shi)驗裝置、微安表，一(yi)旦發生擊穿、閃爍(shuo)等異常現象應立(li)即降(jiang)壓，切(qie)斷電源(yuan)，并(bing)查明原因，詳細記(ji)錄。
5）試驗完(wan)畢，降壓，切斷電(dian)源(yuan)后應將(jiang)被試品及(ji)試驗裝(zhuang)置本(ben)身充分放電(dian)。
四、WBTQSB-150KVA/300KV交流耐壓機注意事項
1、按照您所進(jin)行的試驗(yan)接(jie)(jie)好工(gong)作(zuo)線路。試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器的外殼(ke)(ke)以及操作(zuo)系(xi)統的外殼(ke)(ke)必須可(ke)靠接(jie)(jie)地。試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)繞組(zu)(zu)的X端(duan)(高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)尾)以及測量繞組(zu)(zu)的F端(duan)必須可(ke)靠接(jie)(jie)地。
2、做串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗時，**級(ji)(ji)、第三級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)低壓(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組的(de)X端，測量繞(rao)組的(de)F端以及高壓(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組的(de)X端(高壓(ya)(ya)尾)均(jun)接(jie)本級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)外殼(ke)。**級(ji)(ji)、第三級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)外殼(ke)必(bi)須通過絕緣支架接(jie)地。
3、接通電源(yuan)前(qian)，操作系統的調壓(ya)器(qi)必須調到零位后方可接通電源(yuan)，合(he)閘，開(kai)始升(sheng)壓(ya)。
4、從(cong)零(ling)開(kai)(kai)始均勻旋轉調壓(ya)(ya)器手(shou)輪升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)方(fang)法有：快速升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法，即(ji)(ji)20s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法；慢速升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法，即(ji)(ji)60s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法；極(ji)慢速升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法供選用(yong)。電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)從(cong)零(ling)開(kai)(kai)始按(an)一定(ding)的(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)方(fang)式和(he)速度上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您所需(xu)的(de)額定(ding)試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)75%后，在以(yi)每秒2%額定(ding)試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)速度升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您所需(xu)的(de)額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，并密切(qie)(qie)注意測(ce)量(liang)儀(yi)表的(de)指示(shi)以(yi)及被試(shi)品的(de)情況。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)過程(cheng)中或試(shi)驗過程(cheng)中如(ru)發(fa)現測(ce)量(liang)儀(yi)表的(de)指示(shi)及被試(shi)品情況異(yi)常，應立即(ji)(ji)降壓(ya)(ya)，切(qie)(qie)斷電(dian)(dian)源，查明情況。
5、試驗完畢后(hou)，應在(zai)數(shu)秒內勻(yun)速的將調壓器返(fan)回至零位(wei)，然(ran)后(hou)切斷電(dian)源。
6、本產品不(bu)得超(chao)過額定(ding)參數使(shi)用。除試驗必(bi)須外，決不(bu)允許全電壓通電或斷電。
7、再升壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試驗過程中，如發現以下不正常情(qing)況時，應立(li)即降壓(ya)，切斷電源，停止(zhi)試驗并查明原因。
⑴電(dian)壓表(biao)指針擺(bai)動(或數(shu)字跳動)很大
⑵電流表直線上升(sheng)
被試品內(nei)有不正(zheng)常的聲音
8、圖1中(zhong)第9項(xiang)系壓(ya)力(li)(li)閥及壓(ya)力(li)(li)表，為長期關(guan)閉狀態。每6個月開(kai)閥一(yi)次，以檢查SF6壓(ya)力(li)(li)，應不小于0.2MPa(檢查壓(ya)力(li)(li)后立即關(guan)閉閥門)，低于0.2MPa時應加SF6氣(qi)(qi)體，以增加氣(qi)(qi)絕緣。
9、耐(nai)壓實驗前(qian)后(hou)應測量被(bei)試設備的絕緣電(dian)阻，檢查絕緣情況。
10、當(dang)試驗變壓(ya)器長期不(bu)使(shi)用時，應(ying)放(fang)置(zhi)于通風、干燥(zao)、無陽光直射的地方。
11、該產品不允許在高于45℃的(de)溫度下長期存放、使(shi)用、放氣。
12、運輸搬運途中不得重力(li)沖擊。
13、產(chan)品(pin)緊固件及壓力閥、壓力表不得(de)擅自松動(dong)。
14、使用本產(chan)品(pin)做高壓試驗時(shi)，出熟悉本說明書外，還必須嚴(yan)格(ge)執(zhi)行國家有(you)關(guan)標準和操作規程。可參照GB311-83《高壓輸變設備(bei)的絕緣配(pei)合，高壓試驗技術》；《電(dian)氣設備(bei)預防性試驗規程》等。
五、WBTQSB-150KVA/300KV交流耐壓機容量選擇
標稱試驗變壓器容(rong)量Pn的確定公式(shi)：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中(zhong)：
Pn——標稱試驗變壓器容量(kVA)
Vn——試驗變壓器的(de)額定(ding)輸出(chu)高壓的(de)有效(xiao)值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標稱電(dian)壓Vn≥1MV時(shi)，k=2；標稱電(dian)壓較低(di)時(shi)，k值可(ke)取高一些。
Ct——被(bei)試品的電容量(pF)
ω——角頻率(lv)，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源的頻率(lv)
被試設備的(de)(de)電容量Ct可由交流(liu)電橋測出。Ct的(de)(de)變化很(hen)大，
可由設備(bei)的(de)類型而(er)定。
典(dian)型(xing)數據如下(xia)：
簡單的棒(bang)式或懸式絕(jue)緣(yuan)子 幾十(shi)微(wei)法
簡單的(de)分級套管 100～1000pF
電壓互感器 200 ～ 500pF
電(dian)力(li)變壓(ya)器(qi) ; < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高壓電力電纜和油浸紙絕(jue)緣 250～300pF/m
氣體絕緣 ; ～60pF/m
封閉變電站，SF6氣體(ti)絕緣 100～10000Pf;
對于不同的(de)試驗電壓(ya)Vn，選擇不同的(de)(適當的(de))**系數k。
以下列出不同的(de)Vn所選(xuan)用(yong)的(de)k值供參(can)考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2