一、WBTQSB-100KVA/300KV交流耐壓發生器概述
YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器是(shi)根(gen)據《試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器》標(biao)準,在(zai)油(you)浸式(shi)試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上而設計生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣體具有(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕緣性(xing)能(neng)及優異(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)滅弧(hu)性(xing)能(neng),其耐(nai)壓(ya)強度為(wei)同一壓(ya)力下氮(dan)氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍,擊(ji)穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍。在(zai)0.25MPa下與油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)相等,在(zai)0.45MPa壓(ya)力下是(shi)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍,是(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)優于油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新一代(dai)超(chao)高壓(ya)絕緣介質材(cai)料(liao)。該產品(pin)(pin)技術要(yao)求完全符合《ZBK-41006-89》標(biao)準,它是(shi)油(you)浸式(shi)輕型試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)換(huan)代(dai)產品(pin)(pin)。該產品(pin)(pin)具有(you)體積小、重量輕、不受氣候變(bian)化影(ying)響、電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈小、現場搬運無(wu)需靜止可使(shi)用(yong),使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命長、免維修等特點。適用(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統、工礦企業、科研部門(men)等對各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備、電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣元件、絕緣材(cai)料(liao)進行工頻或直流高壓(ya)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕緣強度試驗。
二、WBTQSB-100KVA/300KV交流耐壓發生器產品結構
YDQ系(xi)列高壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)采(cai)用單框芯式(shi)鐵芯結構,初(chu)級繞(rao)組繞(rao)在鐵芯上,高壓(ya)繞(rao)組在外,這種(zhong)同軸布(bu)置減(jian)少(shao)了漏磁(ci)通,因而增大了繞(rao)組間的耦合(he)。產品的外殼為圓柱灌(guan)式(shi)容(rong)器(qi)結構,能耐受0.8MPa以上壓(ya)力。其結構見圖1:
三、WBTQSB-100KVA/300KV交流耐壓發生器工作原理
YDQ系(xi)列(lie)高(gao)壓(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)為單相變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi),聯結組(zu)標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用工頻220V(10kVA以上為380V)電源接入 (為本公(gong)司生(sheng)產的(de)試驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)配套專用設備,詳細資(zi)料請(qing)見其具體使(shi)用說明書)系(xi)列(lie)操作箱(臺),經操作箱內自(zi)偶(ou)調(diao)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(50kVA以上調(diao)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)外附(fu))調(diao)節至0~200V(或0~400V)電壓(ya)輸出(chu)至YDQ試驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)初級繞組(zu),根據電磁感應原(yuan)理,在試驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)高(gao)壓(ya)繞組(zu)可獲得試驗(yan)(yan)所需(xu)的(de)高(gao)電壓(ya)。
單(dan)臺(tai)YDQ系列(lie)高壓(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器的(de)工作(zuo)原理圖見圖2。
單臺YDQ系(xi)列(lie)交直流高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)原理圖見圖3,圖中高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)套管(guan)中裝有(you)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)硅(gui)堆,串接在(zai)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)回(hui)路中作(zuo)半波整流,以獲(huo)得直流高(gao)(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。當用一短路桿將高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)硅(gui)堆短接時,可獲(huo)得工(gong)頻(pin)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya),作(zuo)為(wei)交流輸出狀態(tai);取消短路桿時,作(zuo)為(wei)直流輸出狀態(tai)。
試驗變壓(ya)器高壓(ya)套管中的高壓(ya)硅堆未畫出,其(qi)原理與(yu)上圖(tu)相同。
三(san)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲(huo)得更(geng)高電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)接(jie)線原理(li)見圖4。串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)很大的(de)優(you)越性(xing),因為(wei)(wei)整個試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)裝置由幾臺單(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng),單(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容量小、電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)、重量輕,便于運(yun)輸和(he)安裝。它既然可(ke)串接(jie)成(cheng)高出幾倍的(de)單(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)(zu)合使(shi)用(yong),又可(ke)分(fen)開(kai)成(cheng)幾套單(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)獨使(shi)用(yong)。整套裝置投資小,經濟實惠。圖5中,在(zai)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)每(mei)個單(dan)元試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中都有(you)一(yi)個勵磁繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1和(he)A2、C2。在(zai)三(san)臺串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原理(li)中,低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)源加在(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)a1x1上(shang),單(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都是(shi)(shi)V。勵磁繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1給**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)供電(dian)(dian);**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)勵磁繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)A2、C2給第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)供電(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)箱(xiang)體(ti)分(fen)別(bie)處在(zai)對地(di)為(wei)(wei)1V和(he)2V的(de)高電(dian)(dian)位(wei)上(shang),所以箱(xiang)體(ti)對地(di)是(shi)(shi)絕緣的(de),試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)箱(xiang)體(ti)是(shi)(shi)接(jie)地(di)的(de)。這樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對地(di)的(de)額定(ding)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)1V、2V、3V;其額定(ding)容量分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高壓試(shi)驗變(bian)壓器(qi)做(zuo)被(bei)試(shi)品的(de)工頻耐壓試(shi)驗使用接線原理(li)圖見(jian)圖5。
圖中:R1—限流(liu)電阻 FRC—阻容(rong)分壓器 RF—球(qiu)間隙(xi)保護電阻 G—球(qiu)間隙(xi) CX—被試(shi)品
注:高(gao)壓(ya)尾必(bi)須(xu)可(ke)靠(kao)接地
工頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)試驗中(zhong)限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)R1應根據試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的額(e)(e)定容(rong)量來選擇。如高壓(ya)(ya)側(ce)額(e)(e)定輸出電(dian)流(liu)在100~300mA時(shi),可(ke)取0.5~1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya));高壓(ya)(ya)側(ce)額(e)(e)定輸出電(dian)流(liu)為1A以上時(shi),可(ke)取1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya))。常用水(shui)電(dian)阻(zu)作(zuo)為限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu),管(guan)子(zi)(zi)長度可(ke)按(an)150kV/m考慮(lv),管(guan)子(zi)(zi)粗細應具(ju)有足夠的熱容(rong)量(水(shui)阻(zu)液(ye)配(pei)制方法:用蒸餾水(shui)加入適量硫(liu)酸銅配(pei)制成各(ge)種不同的阻(zu)值)。
球(qiu)(qiu)間隙及保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu):當電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)超過球(qiu)(qiu)間隙整定值時(一般取(qu)試驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的110%~120%),球(qiu)(qiu)間隙放電(dian)(dian),對被試品起到保護(hu)作用。球(qiu)(qiu)間隙保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)可按1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya))選取(qu)。
在工頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)中,低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是(shi)(shi)非(fei)常(chang)準確(que)的(de)(de),其原(yuan)因是(shi)(shi)由于(yu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器存在著(zhu)漏(lou)抗,在這個(ge)漏(lou)抗上(shang)必然存在著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)或容升,使試(shi)品(pin)上(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)于(yu)或高(gao)(gao)于(yu)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表上(shang)反映出(chu)來的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)時,被試(shi)品(pin)上(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)(gao)于(yu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)所謂容升現象(xiang)。感應(ying)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)時,試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)漏(lou)抗必然存在著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)。為了準確(que)測(ce)量被試(shi)品(pin)上(shang)所施加的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),因此常(chang)在高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)接入FRC阻容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器來測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見(jian)圖5)。
工頻耐壓試(shi)驗操作注意事項
1)試驗人員應做好分(fen)工,明(ming)確相互間聯系方法。并有專門人監(jian)護(hu)現場**及觀察試品狀態。
2)被(bei)試品(pin)應先清(qing)掃干凈,并(bing)**干燥(zao),以免(mian)損(sun)壞(huai)被(bei)試品(pin)和試驗帶來的誤差。
3)對于大型試驗,一般(ban)都應先(xian)進行空升試驗。即不接試品時升壓至試驗電壓,校對各種表計,調整球間隙。
4)升壓速度(du)不(bu)能(neng)太快,并必須防止突(tu)然(ran)(ran)加壓。例如(ru)調壓器不(bu)在零位時突(tu)然(ran)(ran)合閘(zha)。也不(bu)能(neng)突(tu)然(ran)(ran)切斷電源(yuan),一般應在調壓器降至零位時拉(la)閘(zha)。
5)當電壓升(sheng)至試驗電壓時(shi),開(kai)始計時(shi),到(dao)1min后,迅速降壓到(dao)1/3試驗電壓以(yi)下(xia)時(shi),才能拉開(kai)電源(yuan)。
6)在升壓(ya)或(huo)耐壓(ya)試驗過(guo)程中,如發現下列不正常情況時(shi),應立(li)即降壓(ya),切斷電(dian)源。停止試驗并查(cha)明(ming)原因(yin):①電(dian)壓(ya)表指針擺動很大;②發現絕緣燒焦(jiao)或(huo)冒煙;③被試品內有(you)不正常的聲音。
7)耐壓試(shi)驗(yan)前后應測量絕緣電阻,檢查(cha)絕緣情況。
試(shi)(shi)驗變壓器在做被試(shi)(shi)品的直流耐壓或泄露試(shi)(shi)驗時接線原理圖(tu)如圖(tu)6。
注:此試驗應先抽出短路桿“D”,圖6中所示。
圖中:VD—高壓(ya)硅堆 R1—限(xian)流電(dian)阻(zu) C1—高壓(ya)濾波電(dian)容 FRC—阻(zu)容分(fen)壓(ya)器(qi) CX—被試品 μA—帶保(bao)護微安表
泄(xie)露試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)中限流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻R1選擇在(zai)額定輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時,輸(shu)出(chu)端(duan)短路電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不超(chao)過高壓硅堆的*大(da)整(zheng)流(liu)。如電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓硅堆的*大(da)整(zheng)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為100mA時用于60kV的試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)裝置中,限流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇。限流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻還應(ying)具有足夠(gou)的容量(liang)和沿面放電(dian)(dian)(dian)距離。
高壓濾波(bo)電(dian)容(rong)C1一般(ban)選擇在0.01~0.1μF,當被(bei)試品的電(dian)容(rong)量很大時,C1可省略不用。
泄露試驗(yan)的操作及注意事項
1)試驗前應先(xian)檢查(cha)被試品是否(fou)停電,接地(di)放電,一切對(dui)外(wai)連線(xian)是否(fou)擦(ca)干凈。要嚴(yan)防將(jiang)試驗電壓加到有人(ren)工(gong)作的部(bu)位上去。
2)接好(hao)試驗裝置的(de)接線(xian)后,應(ying)復查(cha)無誤(wu)后才(cai)可加壓(ya)。應(ying)特(te)別(bie)注(zhu)意檢查(cha)高壓(ya)設備及引線(xian)與(yu)地、與(yu)操作人員的(de)**距(ju)離,被(bei)試品(pin)的(de)外殼是否可靠接地,要按**規程中(zhong)所規定(ding)的(de)內容進(jin)行試驗。
3)對于大電容量設備應緩慢升(sheng)壓(ya),防止被(bei)試品的充(chong)電電流燒壞(huai)微安表(biao)。必要時應分(fen)(fen)級加壓(ya),分(fen)(fen)別(bie)讀取各級電壓(ya)下(xia)微安表(biao)的穩定讀數。
4)試(shi)驗過程中,應密切監視被試(shi)品、試(shi)驗裝(zhuang)置(zhi)、微(wei)安(an)表,一旦發生擊穿、閃爍等(deng)異常現象應立即(ji)降壓,切斷電源(yuan),并查明原因,詳細記錄。
5)試(shi)驗完畢,降(jiang)壓(ya),切(qie)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)后(hou)應將被(bei)試(shi)品及試(shi)驗裝置(zhi)本(ben)身充分放電(dian)(dian)。
四、WBTQSB-100KVA/300KV交流耐壓發生器注意事項
1、按照(zhao)您(nin)所進行(xing)的(de)試驗接(jie)好工作線路。試驗變(bian)壓器(qi)的(de)外(wai)殼(ke)以(yi)及(ji)操作系統的(de)外(wai)殼(ke)必(bi)須(xu)可(ke)靠接(jie)地。試驗變(bian)壓器(qi)高壓繞(rao)組(zu)的(de)X端(高壓尾)以(yi)及(ji)測量繞(rao)組(zu)的(de)F端必(bi)須(xu)可(ke)靠接(jie)地。
2、做串級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗時(shi),**級(ji)(ji)、第三(san)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗變壓器(qi)的低(di)壓繞組(zu)的X端(duan),測量繞組(zu)的F端(duan)以及高壓繞組(zu)的X端(duan)(高壓尾)均接(jie)本級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗變壓器(qi)的外殼(ke)。**級(ji)(ji)、第三(san)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗變壓器(qi)的外殼(ke)必須通過絕緣支架接(jie)地(di)。
3、接通電源前,操作(zuo)系統的調壓器必須調到零(ling)位后方可接通電源,合閘(zha),開(kai)始升(sheng)壓。
4、從(cong)零(ling)開(kai)始(shi)均(jun)勻旋(xuan)轉調壓器(qi)手輪升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)有:快速升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),即(ji)(ji)20s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa);慢速升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),即(ji)(ji)60s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa);極慢速升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)供選用。電壓從(cong)零(ling)開(kai)始(shi)按一(yi)定的(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓方式和速度上升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您所(suo)需的(de)額(e)定試(shi)(shi)驗電壓的(de)75%后,在以每秒(miao)2%額(e)定試(shi)(shi)驗電壓的(de)速度升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您所(suo)需的(de)額(e)定電壓,并密切注意測量(liang)儀表的(de)指(zhi)示(shi)以及被試(shi)(shi)品的(de)情況(kuang)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓過(guo)程(cheng)中或試(shi)(shi)驗過(guo)程(cheng)中如發現測量(liang)儀表的(de)指(zhi)示(shi)及被試(shi)(shi)品情況(kuang)異常,應立(li)即(ji)(ji)降壓,切斷電源,查明(ming)情況(kuang)。
5、試驗完畢(bi)后(hou),應(ying)在數秒(miao)內勻速的(de)將調壓(ya)器(qi)返回至零位,然后(hou)切斷電源。
6、本產品不得超過額(e)定參(can)數使用。除試驗(yan)必須(xu)外,決不允許全電(dian)壓通(tong)電(dian)或斷電(dian)。
7、再升壓或耐壓試驗過(guo)程中,如發現以下不正常情(qing)況(kuang)時,應立即降(jiang)壓,切(qie)斷電源(yuan),停(ting)止試驗并(bing)查(cha)明原因(yin)。
⑴電壓(ya)表指針擺動(dong)(或(huo)數字跳動(dong))很大
⑵電流表(biao)直(zhi)線上升
被試品(pin)內(nei)有(you)不正常的聲音
8、圖(tu)1中第(di)9項(xiang)系壓力(li)閥(fa)及壓力(li)表,為長期關閉(bi)(bi)狀態。每6個月開(kai)閥(fa)一次(ci),以檢查SF6壓力(li),應不小于0.2MPa(檢查壓力(li)后立即關閉(bi)(bi)閥(fa)門),低(di)于0.2MPa時應加(jia)SF6氣(qi)體(ti),以增加(jia)氣(qi)絕緣(yuan)。
9、耐壓(ya)實驗前后應測量被試(shi)設備的絕緣(yuan)電阻,檢查絕緣(yuan)情(qing)況。
10、當(dang)試驗變(bian)壓器(qi)長期不使用(yong)時,應放置于通(tong)風、干燥、無陽光(guang)直射的地方(fang)。
11、該產品不允許(xu)在高于45℃的溫度下長期存放、使用、放氣。
12、運輸搬運途中(zhong)不得重力沖擊。
13、產品緊(jin)固件及壓力閥、壓力表不得擅自(zi)松動。
14、使用本產品做高壓試驗時(shi),出熟悉本說明書外,還必(bi)須嚴格執(zhi)行國家有關標準和操作規(gui)程。可(ke)參照(zhao)GB311-83《高壓輸變設備(bei)的絕緣配合,高壓試驗技(ji)術》;《電氣設備(bei)預防性試驗規(gui)程》等。
五、WBTQSB-100KVA/300KV交流耐壓發生器容量選擇
標稱試驗變壓(ya)器容量Pn的確定(ding)公式(shi):Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中(zhong):
Pn——標稱試驗變壓器容量(kVA)
Vn——試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器(qi)的額(e)定輸出高(gao)壓的有效(xiao)值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1,標(biao)稱(cheng)電(dian)壓Vn≥1MV時,k=2;標(biao)稱(cheng)電(dian)壓較低時,k值可取高一(yi)些。
Ct——被試品的電容(rong)量(pF)
ω——角頻(pin)率,ω=2πf, f——試驗電源的頻(pin)率
被試設備的(de)電(dian)容(rong)量Ct可由交流電(dian)橋測出。Ct的(de)變化很(hen)大,
可由設備(bei)的類型而定。
典型數據如下:
簡單(dan)的(de)棒式或懸式絕緣子 幾(ji)十微法
簡單的分級套(tao)管 100~1000pF
電(dian)壓互感器 200 ~ 500pF
電力變壓器 < 1000kVA ~1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000~10000pF
高(gao)壓電力(li)電纜和油浸紙絕緣 250~300pF/m
氣體(ti)絕緣 ~60pF/m
封閉變電站,SF6氣體(ti)絕緣 100~10000Pf;
對(dui)于(yu)不(bu)同的試驗電壓Vn,選(xuan)擇(ze)不(bu)同的(適當(dang)的)**系數k。
以下列出(chu)不同的Vn所(suo)選用的k值供參考(kao)。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2