一、WBTQSB-3KVA/50KV便攜式高壓試驗變壓器概述
YDQ系列高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)根據(ju)《試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)》標(biao)準，在(zai)油浸式(shi)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎上而設計生產(chan)的(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)具有良好的(de)(de)電氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)絕緣(yuan)性(xing)能及優異的(de)(de)滅弧性(xing)能，其耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強度為(wei)同一壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)氮氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)2.5倍，擊(ji)(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)2.5倍。在(zai)0.25MPa下(xia)與油的(de)(de)擊(ji)(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相等，在(zai)0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)是(shi)(shi)油的(de)(de)擊(ji)(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)2倍，是(shi)(shi)一種優于油的(de)(de)新一代超(chao)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)絕緣(yuan)介質材(cai)料(liao)。該產(chan)品(pin)技(ji)術要求完(wan)全符合(he)《ZBK-41006-89》標(biao)準，它(ta)是(shi)(shi)油浸式(shi)輕型試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)換代產(chan)品(pin)。該產(chan)品(pin)具有體(ti)積(ji)小(xiao)、重量輕、不受(shou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候變化(hua)影響、電暈(yun)小(xiao)、現場搬運(yun)無需靜止可使用(yong)，使用(yong)壽(shou)命長(chang)、免(mian)維修等特點(dian)。適用(yong)于電力系統、工礦企業、科研(yan)部門(men)等對各種高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)設備、電氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)元件、絕緣(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)進行工頻或(huo)直(zhi)流(liu)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)的(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)強度試驗(yan)。
二、WBTQSB-3KVA/50KV便攜式高壓試驗變壓器產品結構
YDQ系列高壓(ya)(ya)試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)采用(yong)單框芯式鐵芯結構(gou)(gou)，初(chu)級繞組繞在鐵芯上(shang)，高壓(ya)(ya)繞組在外(wai)，這(zhe)種(zhong)同軸布(bu)置減少了漏磁通(tong)，因而增大了繞組間(jian)的耦合。產品的外(wai)殼(ke)為圓柱灌(guan)式容器(qi)(qi)結構(gou)(gou)，能耐受(shou)0.8MPa以上(shang)壓(ya)(ya)力。其結構(gou)(gou)見圖(tu)1：
三、WBTQSB-3KVA/50KV便攜式高壓試驗變壓器工作原理
YDQ系列高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)為單相變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)，聯結組(zu)標號(hao)Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用(yong)工(gong)頻220V(10kVA以上(shang)為380V)電源(yuan)接入(ru) (為本公(gong)司生產的(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)配套(tao)專用(yong)設(she)備，詳(xiang)細(xi)資料請見(jian)其具體(ti)使用(yong)說明書)系列操作箱(xiang)(xiang)(臺)，經操作箱(xiang)(xiang)內自偶調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(50kVA以上(shang)調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)外附)調(diao)節至0～200V(或0～400V)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)輸出(chu)至YDQ試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)初級繞(rao)組(zu)，根(gen)據電磁感應原理，在試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)可獲得試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)所需的(de)高電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列高(gao)壓試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器的工作原理圖見圖2。
單臺YDQ系(xi)列交(jiao)直流(liu)高壓試驗變壓器的工(gong)作(zuo)原(yuan)理圖見圖3，圖中(zhong)高壓套管中(zhong)裝有(you)高壓硅堆(dui)，串接在高壓回路(lu)中(zhong)作(zuo)半波整流(liu)，以獲得(de)直流(liu)高電壓。當用一短(duan)(duan)路(lu)桿將高壓硅堆(dui)短(duan)(duan)接時，可獲得(de)工(gong)頻高電壓，作(zuo)為交(jiao)流(liu)輸(shu)出狀態；取消(xiao)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)桿時，作(zuo)為直流(liu)輸(shu)出狀態。
試驗變壓器(qi)高(gao)壓套管中的高(gao)壓硅堆(dui)未畫出，其原理與上圖相同(tong)。
三(san)(san)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)串(chuan)(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更(geng)高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的接(jie)線原(yuan)理見圖4。串(chuan)(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)有很大的優越性，因為整(zheng)個試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)由幾(ji)(ji)臺(tai)(tai)單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)，單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)容量(liang)(liang)小(xiao)、電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)、重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)輕，便于(yu)運輸(shu)(shu)和(he)安裝(zhuang)。它既然可串(chuan)(chuan)接(jie)成(cheng)高(gao)出(chu)幾(ji)(ji)倍的單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)(zu)合使用，又可分(fen)(fen)開(kai)成(cheng)幾(ji)(ji)套單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)單(dan)獨使用。整(zheng)套裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)投資小(xiao)，經濟實惠。圖5中(zhong)，在**級(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)的每(mei)個單(dan)元試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)都(dou)有一個勵磁(ci)(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1和(he)A2、C2。在三(san)(san)臺(tai)(tai)串(chuan)(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)基本原(yuan)理中(zhong)，低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)源加在試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的初級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)a1x1上，單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都(dou)是(shi)V。勵磁(ci)(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1給**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的初級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)供電(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的勵磁(ci)(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)A2、C2給第三(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的初級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)供電(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)第三(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的箱體(ti)分(fen)(fen)別(bie)處在對地(di)(di)為1V和(he)2V的高(gao)電(dian)位(wei)上，所以箱體(ti)對地(di)(di)是(shi)絕緣的，試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的箱體(ti)是(shi)接(jie)地(di)(di)的。這樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)、第三(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)對地(di)(di)的額定(ding)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)(fen)別(bie)為1V、2V、3V；其額定(ding)容量(liang)(liang)分(fen)(fen)別(bie)為3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高壓試驗變(bian)壓器做被試品(pin)的(de)工頻耐(nai)壓試驗使(shi)用接線原理圖見圖5。
圖(tu)中：R1—限流電(dian)阻(zu) FRC—阻(zu)容分壓器 RF—球(qiu)間隙(xi)保護電(dian)阻(zu) G—球(qiu)間隙(xi) CX—被試(shi)品(pin)
注：高壓尾必須可靠接(jie)地
工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)中(zhong)限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)R1應根據試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)額定(ding)(ding)容(rong)量(liang)來選擇。如高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)額定(ding)(ding)輸出電(dian)流(liu)在100～300mA時(shi)，可(ke)(ke)取(qu)0.5～1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya))；高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)額定(ding)(ding)輸出電(dian)流(liu)為1A以上時(shi)，可(ke)(ke)取(qu)1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya))。常用(yong)水電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)作為限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)，管子長度可(ke)(ke)按150kV/m考(kao)慮(lv)，管子粗細應具有足夠的(de)熱容(rong)量(liang)(水阻(zu)(zu)(zu)液配制(zhi)方法：用(yong)蒸餾水加(jia)入適量(liang)硫酸銅配制(zhi)成各種不同的(de)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值)。
球間隙(xi)及保護電(dian)(dian)阻：當電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)超過球間隙(xi)整定值時(一般(ban)取試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)110%~120%)，球間隙(xi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)，對(dui)被(bei)試(shi)品起到(dao)保護作用。球間隙(xi)保護電(dian)(dian)阻可按1Ω/V(試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya))選取。
在工頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗中，低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是非常(chang)(chang)準確(que)的(de)(de)，其原因是由(you)于(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器存(cun)在著漏(lou)抗，在這個漏(lou)抗上(shang)必(bi)(bi)然存(cun)在著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降或(huo)容升，使(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)品上(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)于(yu)(yu)或(huo)高于(yu)(yu)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表上(shang)反(fan)映(ying)出來的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗時，被試(shi)(shi)(shi)品上(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也(ye)就是所(suo)謂容升現象。感應耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗時，試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)漏(lou)抗必(bi)(bi)然存(cun)在著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為了準確(que)測量(liang)被試(shi)(shi)(shi)品上(shang)所(suo)施加的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此常(chang)(chang)在高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側接入FRC阻容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器來測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工頻耐壓試驗操(cao)作注意事項
1）試驗人員(yuan)應做好分工，明確相互間聯系方法。并(bing)有專門人監護現場**及觀察試品狀態。
2）被試(shi)(shi)品(pin)應(ying)先清掃干凈，并**干燥，以免損壞被試(shi)(shi)品(pin)和(he)試(shi)(shi)驗帶來(lai)的誤(wu)差。
3）對(dui)于大型試驗(yan)(yan)，一般都應(ying)先進行空(kong)升試驗(yan)(yan)。即不(bu)接試品時升壓至試驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)壓，校對(dui)各(ge)種表計(ji)，調整球(qiu)間隙(xi)。
4）升壓速度不能(neng)太快，并必須防止突(tu)然(ran)加壓。例如調壓器不在(zai)零位時(shi)突(tu)然(ran)合閘。也不能(neng)突(tu)然(ran)切(qie)斷電源，一般應在(zai)調壓器降至零位時(shi)拉閘。
5）當電(dian)壓升至試驗電(dian)壓時，開始計時，到1min后，迅速降(jiang)壓到1/3試驗電(dian)壓以下時，才能拉開電(dian)源。
6）在升壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試驗過程中，如發現(xian)下列不(bu)正常情況時，應立(li)即降壓(ya)，切斷(duan)電(dian)源。停止試驗并(bing)查明原因：①電(dian)壓(ya)表指針擺動很大(da)；②發現(xian)絕(jue)緣(yuan)燒焦或冒煙；③被試品內有不(bu)正常的聲音。
7）耐壓試驗前后應(ying)測量絕(jue)緣電阻，檢查絕(jue)緣情況。
試(shi)驗變(bian)壓器在(zai)做被試(shi)品的(de)直流(liu)耐壓或泄(xie)露(lu)試(shi)驗時接(jie)線原理圖如(ru)圖6。
注：此試驗應先(xian)抽出短(duan)路(lu)桿“D”，圖6中所示。
圖(tu)中：VD—高壓(ya)硅堆 R1—限流電阻(zu) C1—高壓(ya)濾波(bo)電容 FRC—阻(zu)容分壓(ya)器 CX—被試品 μA—帶保護微安表
泄露試驗中(zhong)限(xian)流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R1選擇在額定輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓時，輸出(chu)端短(duan)路電(dian)(dian)流不超過高(gao)壓硅堆(dui)的(de)*大整(zheng)(zheng)流。如電(dian)(dian)壓硅堆(dui)的(de)*大整(zheng)(zheng)流電(dian)(dian)流為100mA時用于60kV的(de)試驗裝置中(zhong)，限(xian)流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇。限(xian)流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)還應(ying)具有足夠的(de)容(rong)量(liang)和沿面放(fang)電(dian)(dian)距離。
高壓濾波電容(rong)C1一般選擇在0.01~0.1μF，當被試品的(de)電容(rong)量很大時，C1可省略不用。
泄露試驗的操作及注意事項
1）試驗前(qian)應先(xian)檢(jian)查被試品是(shi)(shi)否停(ting)電，接地放電，一切對外連線(xian)是(shi)(shi)否擦(ca)干凈。要嚴防將(jiang)試驗電壓加到有人工作的部位上去。
2）接好試(shi)驗裝置的接線后(hou)，應(ying)復查無誤后(hou)才可加壓。應(ying)特別注意(yi)檢查高壓設備及引線與地、與操作人員的**距(ju)離，被試(shi)品(pin)的外殼是否可靠(kao)接地，要按**規程中(zhong)所規定的內容(rong)進行試(shi)驗。
3）對于大(da)電容量設(she)備應緩慢升壓(ya)(ya)，防(fang)止被試(shi)品的(de)充(chong)電電流燒壞微安(an)表。必(bi)要時應分級加壓(ya)(ya)，分別讀取(qu)各級電壓(ya)(ya)下微安(an)表的(de)穩定讀數。
4）試驗(yan)過程中，應密切(qie)(qie)監視被試品(pin)、試驗(yan)裝置(zhi)、微安表，一旦發生擊穿、閃爍等(deng)異常現象應立即(ji)降壓，切(qie)(qie)斷電(dian)源，并查(cha)明原因，詳細記錄。
5）試(shi)驗完畢(bi)，降壓，切斷(duan)電源后應將被試(shi)品及試(shi)驗裝置本身充分(fen)放電。
四、WBTQSB-3KVA/50KV便攜式高壓試驗變壓器注意事項
1、按照(zhao)您所(suo)進行的(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)接(jie)(jie)好(hao)工(gong)作線路。試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器(qi)的(de)(de)外(wai)殼以及(ji)操作系統(tong)的(de)(de)外(wai)殼必(bi)須可靠(kao)接(jie)(jie)地。試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器(qi)高壓繞(rao)組(zu)的(de)(de)X端(高壓尾)以及(ji)測量繞(rao)組(zu)的(de)(de)F端必(bi)須可靠(kao)接(jie)(jie)地。
2、做串級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)時，**級(ji)、第(di)(di)三級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器的低壓(ya)(ya)繞組的X端，測量繞組的F端以及高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)繞組的X端(高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)尾)均接(jie)本級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器的外殼。**級(ji)、第(di)(di)三級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器的外殼必須(xu)通(tong)過絕緣支(zhi)架(jia)接(jie)地。
3、接通(tong)電(dian)源前，操作(zuo)系統(tong)的調壓(ya)器必須調到零位后方可接通(tong)電(dian)源，合閘，開始升壓(ya)。
4、從(cong)零(ling)開始均(jun)勻旋轉調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)器手輪升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)方法(fa)(fa)有(you)：快(kuai)速升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)，即(ji)20s逐級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)；慢速升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)，即(ji)60s逐級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)；極慢速升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)供(gong)選(xuan)用。電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)從(cong)零(ling)開始按一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)方式和速度上升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您所需(xu)的(de)(de)額(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)75%后，在以(yi)每秒(miao)2%額(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)速度升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您所需(xu)的(de)(de)額(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，并密(mi)切注意(yi)測(ce)量儀(yi)(yi)表的(de)(de)指示(shi)以(yi)及被(bei)試(shi)(shi)(shi)品的(de)(de)情況(kuang)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)過(guo)程中(zhong)或試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗過(guo)程中(zhong)如(ru)發現測(ce)量儀(yi)(yi)表的(de)(de)指示(shi)及被(bei)試(shi)(shi)(shi)品情況(kuang)異常，應立即(ji)降壓(ya)(ya)，切斷電(dian)源(yuan)，查明(ming)情況(kuang)。
5、試驗完(wan)畢(bi)后，應在數(shu)秒內勻速(su)的將(jiang)調壓(ya)器返回至零位，然后切斷電源。
6、本產品不得(de)超過額定參數使用(yong)。除試驗(yan)必須(xu)外(wai)，決不允許全電(dian)壓通電(dian)或斷(duan)電(dian)。
7、再升壓或耐壓試驗過程中(zhong)，如發(fa)現以下不正(zheng)常情況時(shi)，應立即降壓，切斷電源(yuan)，停止試驗并查明(ming)原因。
⑴電壓表(biao)指針(zhen)擺動(或(huo)數字跳動)很大
⑵電流表直線上升
被(bei)試品內(nei)有不正常的(de)聲音
8、圖(tu)1中第(di)9項系(xi)壓力(li)(li)(li)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)及(ji)壓力(li)(li)(li)表，為長期關閉狀態。每6個月開閥(fa)(fa)(fa)一次，以檢(jian)查(cha)SF6壓力(li)(li)(li)，應(ying)(ying)不小(xiao)于0.2MPa(檢(jian)查(cha)壓力(li)(li)(li)后立即關閉閥(fa)(fa)(fa)門)，低(di)于0.2MPa時(shi)應(ying)(ying)加SF6氣體，以增加氣絕緣。
9、耐壓實(shi)驗前后應測量(liang)被(bei)試設備的絕緣(yuan)電阻，檢(jian)查絕緣(yuan)情況。
10、當試(shi)驗變壓器(qi)長期不使用時，應放置于通風、干燥(zao)、無陽光直射的地方(fang)。
11、該產品(pin)不允許在高于45℃的(de)溫度下長期存(cun)放、使用、放氣。
12、運(yun)輸(shu)搬(ban)運(yun)途(tu)中不得重力(li)沖擊。
13、產品緊固件及壓力閥、壓力表不(bu)得擅自松動。
14、使用本(ben)產品(pin)做高(gao)(gao)壓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時(shi)，出熟(shu)悉本(ben)說(shuo)明書外，還必須嚴(yan)格執行國(guo)家(jia)有關(guan)標準和(he)操作(zuo)規程。可(ke)參照GB311-83《高(gao)(gao)壓輸變設備的絕緣配(pei)合(he)，高(gao)(gao)壓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)技(ji)術》；《電(dian)氣設備預防性試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)規程》等。
五、WBTQSB-3KVA/50KV便攜式高壓試驗變壓器容量選擇
標稱試(shi)驗變壓器容量Pn的(de)確定公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中：
Pn——標稱試驗變(bian)壓器容量(liang)(kVA)
Vn——試驗變壓器的(de)額定(ding)輸出高壓的(de)有效值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標稱電壓(ya)Vn≥1MV時(shi)，k=2；標稱電壓(ya)較低時(shi)，k值可取高一(yi)些。
Ct——被試品的電容量(pF)
ω——角頻率(lv)，ω=2πf， f——試(shi)驗(yan)電源的頻率(lv)
被試設備的(de)電(dian)(dian)容量Ct可由交流電(dian)(dian)橋測出(chu)。Ct的(de)變化很大，
可(ke)由設備的類型(xing)而定。
典型(xing)數據如(ru)下：
簡單(dan)的棒(bang)式或懸式絕緣子 ; 幾十微(wei)法
簡單(dan)的(de)分級(ji)套管 100～1000pF
電壓互感器 ; 200 ～ 500pF
電力變壓器(qi) < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA ; 1000～10000pF
高壓電力(li)電纜和油(you)浸紙(zhi)絕(jue)緣 ; 250～300pF/m
氣(qi)體絕緣 ～60pF/m
封閉(bi)變電站，SF6氣體絕緣 100～10000Pf;
對于(yu)不(bu)同的(de)(de)試驗電壓Vn，選擇不(bu)同的(de)(de)(適當的(de)(de))**系數k。
以下列出(chu)不(bu)同的Vn所選(xuan)用(yong)的k值供參考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2