一、WBTQSB-3KVA/50KV交流耐壓機概述
YDQ系列高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)器是根據《試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)器》標(biao)準,在油(you)浸(jin)式試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上而設計生產的(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)體具有良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)絕緣(yuan)性(xing)能及優異的(de)(de)(de)滅(mie)弧性(xing)能,其(qi)耐壓(ya)強度為(wei)同一(yi)壓(ya)力下氮氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)2.5倍,擊穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)2.5倍。在0.25MPa下與油(you)的(de)(de)(de)擊穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)相等(deng),在0.45MPa壓(ya)力下是油(you)的(de)(de)(de)擊穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)2倍,是一(yi)種(zhong)優于油(you)的(de)(de)(de)新一(yi)代超高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)絕緣(yuan)介質(zhi)材(cai)料。該產品技(ji)術要求(qiu)完全符合《ZBK-41006-89》標(biao)準,它是油(you)浸(jin)式輕(qing)型試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)換(huan)代產品。該產品具有體積(ji)小、重量輕(qing)、不(bu)受氣(qi)候變(bian)化影響、電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈小、現場搬運(yun)無(wu)需靜止可使用(yong)(yong),使用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)長、免(mian)維修(xiu)等(deng)特點。適用(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統、工(gong)礦企業、科研部(bu)門等(deng)對(dui)各(ge)種(zhong)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備、電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)元(yuan)件、絕緣(yuan)材(cai)料進行工(gong)頻或直(zhi)流(liu)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)下的(de)(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)強度試(shi)驗。
二、WBTQSB-3KVA/50KV交流耐壓機產品結構
YDQ系(xi)列(lie)高壓試驗變壓器采用單(dan)框芯式鐵芯結(jie)構,初級繞組(zu)繞在鐵芯上(shang),高壓繞組(zu)在外(wai),這種同軸布置(zhi)減少了(le)漏磁(ci)通(tong),因而(er)增大了(le)繞組(zu)間的耦合。產品的外(wai)殼為(wei)圓柱(zhu)灌式容器結(jie)構,能耐受0.8MPa以上(shang)壓力。其(qi)結(jie)構見圖1:
三、WBTQSB-3KVA/50KV交流耐壓機工作原理
YDQ系列(lie)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)為單相變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi),聯結組(zu)標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用工頻(pin)220V(10kVA以上為380V)電(dian)源接入 (為本(ben)公司(si)生產的試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)配套專用設備,詳細資料(liao)請見其具(ju)體(ti)使用說明書(shu))系列(lie)操作箱(xiang)(臺),經操作箱(xiang)內自偶調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(50kVA以上調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)外附)調節至(zhi)0~200V(或0~400V)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輸出至(zhi)YDQ試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的初(chu)級繞(rao)組(zu),根據電(dian)磁(ci)感應(ying)原(yuan)理,在試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)可獲(huo)得試(shi)驗(yan)所需的高電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列高壓試驗變壓器(qi)的工作原理(li)圖(tu)見圖(tu)2。
單臺(tai)YDQ系列交直流(liu)(liu)高壓試驗變壓器的工作原理圖(tu)見圖(tu)3,圖(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)高壓套(tao)管中(zhong)(zhong)裝有高壓硅堆(dui)(dui),串(chuan)接在(zai)高壓回路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)作半波整流(liu)(liu),以(yi)獲得直流(liu)(liu)高電壓。當用一(yi)短路(lu)桿將(jiang)高壓硅堆(dui)(dui)短接時,可獲得工頻(pin)高電壓,作為交流(liu)(liu)輸出狀(zhuang)態(tai);取消短路(lu)桿時,作為直流(liu)(liu)輸出狀(zhuang)態(tai)。
試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器高壓(ya)套管中的高壓(ya)硅堆未(wei)畫(hua)出,其原理與上圖相同。
三(san)(san)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更(geng)高(gao)(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)線原(yuan)理見(jian)圖4。串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)優越性,因為(wei)(wei)整(zheng)個(ge)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝置由幾(ji)臺(tai)單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組成(cheng),單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)容量小(xiao)、電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重量輕,便于運輸(shu)和安裝。它(ta)既然可(ke)串(chuan)接(jie)成(cheng)高(gao)(gao)出幾(ji)倍的(de)(de)(de)(de)單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組合(he)使(shi)用,又可(ke)分開成(cheng)幾(ji)套單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)單獨使(shi)用。整(zheng)套裝置投資小(xiao),經濟實惠(hui)。圖5中,在(zai)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)每個(ge)單元試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中都有一個(ge)勵(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)組A1、C1和A2、C2。在(zai)三(san)(san)臺(tai)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原(yuan)理中,低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電源加在(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組a1x1上(shang),單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都是(shi)(shi)V。勵(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)組A1、C1給(gei)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組供(gong)電;**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)勵(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)組A2、C2給(gei)第(di)三(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組供(gong)電。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和第(di)三(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)箱體分別(bie)(bie)(bie)處在(zai)對(dui)地(di)為(wei)(wei)1V和2V的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)電位上(shang),所以(yi)箱體對(dui)地(di)是(shi)(shi)絕緣的(de)(de)(de)(de),試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)箱體是(shi)(shi)接(jie)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)三(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)額定(ding)輸(shu)出電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分別(bie)(bie)(bie)為(wei)(wei)1V、2V、3V;其額定(ding)容量分別(bie)(bie)(bie)為(wei)(wei)3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)做被試品(pin)的工頻耐壓(ya)試驗(yan)使用(yong)接線(xian)原理圖見(jian)圖5。
圖中:R1—限(xian)流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu) FRC—阻(zu)(zu)容分(fen)壓器 RF—球(qiu)間隙(xi)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu) G—球(qiu)間隙(xi) CX—被試品(pin)
注:高壓尾必須可靠接地
工頻耐(nai)壓(ya)試驗(yan)中限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)R1應根據試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器的額(e)定(ding)容量來選擇。如高壓(ya)側額(e)定(ding)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在100~300mA時,可(ke)取0.5~1Ω/V(試驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya));高壓(ya)側額(e)定(ding)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為1A以上時,可(ke)取1Ω/V(試驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya))。常用水電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)作為限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu),管(guan)子長度可(ke)按150kV/m考慮(lv),管(guan)子粗(cu)細(xi)應具有(you)足夠的熱容量(水阻(zu)(zu)液(ye)配(pei)制方(fang)法:用蒸餾水加入適量硫(liu)酸銅(tong)配(pei)制成各種不同的阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi))。
球間隙(xi)(xi)及保護(hu)電阻:當電壓超(chao)過球間隙(xi)(xi)整定(ding)值(zhi)時(shi)(一般取試驗電壓的110%~120%),球間隙(xi)(xi)放電,對被(bei)試品起到保護(hu)作用。球間隙(xi)(xi)保護(hu)電阻可按1Ω/V(試驗電壓)選取。
在(zai)(zai)工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)中,低電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表(biao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是非常準確的(de),其原因是由于試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器存(cun)在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)漏(lou)抗,在(zai)(zai)這個(ge)漏(lou)抗上(shang)必然存(cun)在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降或容升,使試(shi)(shi)(shi)品上(shang)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低于或高于低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)上(shang)反映出來的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時(shi),被(bei)(bei)試(shi)(shi)(shi)品上(shang)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)輸出電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),也就是所謂容升現(xian)象。感(gan)應耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時(shi),試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)漏(lou)抗必然存(cun)在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為了準確測(ce)量被(bei)(bei)試(shi)(shi)(shi)品上(shang)所施(shi)加的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),因此常在(zai)(zai)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側接入FRC阻容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器來測(ce)量電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工頻耐壓試驗操作注意事項(xiang)
1)試驗(yan)人(ren)員應做好分工,明確相互間(jian)聯(lian)系(xi)方法。并有專門(men)人(ren)監(jian)護(hu)現場**及觀察試品(pin)狀態。
2)被試(shi)品(pin)應先清掃干凈,并**干燥,以(yi)免損壞(huai)被試(shi)品(pin)和(he)試(shi)驗(yan)帶來的誤(wu)差。
3)對(dui)于(yu)大型試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan),一般都應先進行空升試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。即不接試(shi)(shi)(shi)品時升壓至試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)電壓,校對(dui)各種表計,調整球間(jian)隙。
4)升壓速度(du)不能(neng)太快,并必(bi)須防(fang)止突然(ran)加(jia)壓。例如調(diao)壓器不在零(ling)位(wei)時突然(ran)合閘。也不能(neng)突然(ran)切(qie)斷(duan)電源,一般應在調(diao)壓器降至零(ling)位(wei)時拉閘。
5)當電(dian)壓(ya)升至(zhi)試驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)時,開(kai)始計時,到1min后,迅速降壓(ya)到1/3試驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)以下(xia)時,才能拉開(kai)電(dian)源。
6)在升壓(ya)或耐(nai)壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗過程中,如發現(xian)下列(lie)不(bu)正常情況(kuang)時,應立即降壓(ya),切斷電源。停止試(shi)(shi)驗并查明原(yuan)因(yin):①電壓(ya)表指針擺動很(hen)大;②發現(xian)絕緣燒焦或冒煙;③被試(shi)(shi)品內有不(bu)正常的聲(sheng)音。
7)耐壓試(shi)驗(yan)前后(hou)應測量(liang)絕(jue)緣電阻,檢查絕(jue)緣情況(kuang)。
試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器在做被試(shi)品的直流耐壓(ya)或泄(xie)露試(shi)驗時(shi)接線原理圖(tu)如圖(tu)6。
注:此試(shi)驗應先抽出短(duan)路桿“D”,圖6中所示。
圖中:VD—高壓硅堆 R1—限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu) C1—高壓濾波電(dian)容 FRC—阻(zu)容分壓器 CX—被試品 μA—帶保護微(wei)安(an)表(biao)
泄(xie)露試(shi)驗中限流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R1選擇在額定輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi),輸出(chu)端短(duan)路電(dian)(dian)流不超過高壓(ya)硅堆(dui)的(de)*大整(zheng)流。如電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)硅堆(dui)的(de)*大整(zheng)流電(dian)(dian)流為100mA時(shi)用于60kV的(de)試(shi)驗裝置中,限流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇。限流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)還應具有足夠的(de)容量和(he)沿面(mian)放電(dian)(dian)距離(li)。
高壓濾波(bo)電容C1一般選擇(ze)在0.01~0.1μF,當(dang)被試品的(de)電容量很大時,C1可省略不用(yong)。
泄露試驗的操作及(ji)注意(yi)事(shi)項(xiang)
1)試(shi)驗(yan)前應先檢(jian)查被試(shi)品(pin)是否(fou)停電,接地放電,一切對外連線是否(fou)擦干凈。要嚴防將試(shi)驗(yan)電壓加(jia)到有人(ren)工作的(de)部位上去(qu)。
2)接好(hao)試(shi)(shi)驗裝置的(de)接線后(hou),應(ying)(ying)復查無誤后(hou)才可加壓。應(ying)(ying)特別注意檢查高壓設備(bei)及引線與地、與操作人員的(de)**距離,被試(shi)(shi)品的(de)外殼(ke)是否可靠(kao)接地,要按(an)**規(gui)(gui)程中所規(gui)(gui)定的(de)內(nei)容進(jin)行試(shi)(shi)驗。
3)對于(yu)大電(dian)容量設備應緩慢升壓(ya),防止被試品(pin)的充電(dian)電(dian)流燒壞(huai)微安表。必要(yao)時應分級(ji)加壓(ya),分別讀取各級(ji)電(dian)壓(ya)下微安表的穩定讀數。
4)試驗(yan)過程中,應(ying)密(mi)切監(jian)視(shi)被試品、試驗(yan)裝置、微安表,一旦發生擊穿、閃爍等異常現象應(ying)立即降壓,切斷電源,并查明原因,詳細(xi)記(ji)錄。
5)試驗完畢,降壓,切(qie)斷電源后(hou)應將被試品(pin)及試驗裝置本身充分放電。
四、WBTQSB-3KVA/50KV交流耐壓機注意事項
1、按照您所進行的試(shi)驗接好工作線路。試(shi)驗變壓器的外殼以及操作系統的外殼必(bi)須(xu)可靠接地(di)。試(shi)驗變壓器高壓繞組的X端(高壓尾)以及測量繞組的F端必(bi)須(xu)可靠接地(di)。
2、做串(chuan)級試(shi)驗時(shi),**級、第三級試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的低壓(ya)(ya)繞組(zu)的X端(duan)(duan),測量繞組(zu)的F端(duan)(duan)以(yi)及高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)繞組(zu)的X端(duan)(duan)(高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)尾)均(jun)接本級試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的外殼。**級、第三級試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的外殼必須通過絕緣支架接地(di)。
3、接通電源前(qian),操(cao)作系統的調壓器必須(xu)調到零位后方可接通電源,合閘,開始升壓。
4、從(cong)(cong)零(ling)開(kai)(kai)始均勻旋轉(zhuan)調壓(ya)(ya)器手輪(lun)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)方法(fa)(fa)有:快速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa),即20s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa);慢(man)速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa),即60s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa);極慢(man)速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)供選用(yong)。電壓(ya)(ya)從(cong)(cong)零(ling)開(kai)(kai)始按一定的(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)方式和速(su)度(du)上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您所需(xu)的(de)(de)額定試(shi)驗電壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)75%后,在以每秒(miao)2%額定試(shi)驗電壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)速(su)度(du)升(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您所需(xu)的(de)(de)額定電壓(ya)(ya),并密切注意(yi)測量儀表(biao)的(de)(de)指(zhi)示以及被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)情況(kuang)。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)過(guo)程中(zhong)或試(shi)驗過(guo)程中(zhong)如發(fa)現測量儀表(biao)的(de)(de)指(zhi)示及被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)(pin)情況(kuang)異常,應立即降壓(ya)(ya),切斷電源,查(cha)明情況(kuang)。
5、試(shi)驗完畢后,應(ying)在數秒內勻速的(de)將調壓器(qi)返回(hui)至零(ling)位,然(ran)后切(qie)斷電源(yuan)。
6、本產品不(bu)得超過額定參數使用。除試驗(yan)必須外,決不(bu)允許(xu)全電壓通電或(huo)斷電。
7、再(zai)升(sheng)壓或耐(nai)壓試驗過(guo)程中,如發現(xian)以下(xia)不(bu)正常情況時,應立即降壓,切(qie)斷電源,停止試驗并查(cha)明(ming)原因(yin)。
⑴電壓表指針擺動(或數字跳動)很大
⑵電流表直線上升
被試品內(nei)有不正(zheng)常的聲(sheng)音
8、圖(tu)1中第9項系壓力(li)閥及(ji)壓力(li)表,為長期關閉狀態。每6個月開(kai)閥一(yi)次(ci),以(yi)檢(jian)查SF6壓力(li),應(ying)不小于(yu)0.2MPa(檢(jian)查壓力(li)后立即關閉閥門),低于(yu)0.2MPa時應(ying)加(jia)SF6氣體(ti),以(yi)增(zeng)加(jia)氣絕(jue)緣(yuan)。
9、耐壓(ya)實驗前后應(ying)測量被試設備的絕(jue)緣(yuan)電阻,檢(jian)查絕(jue)緣(yuan)情況。
10、當試驗變壓器長期不(bu)使用時(shi),應放置于通風、干燥、無陽光直射的地方(fang)。
11、該產品(pin)不允許在(zai)高于45℃的溫度下長期存(cun)放、使(shi)用、放氣(qi)。
12、運輸搬運途中不(bu)得重力沖(chong)擊。
13、產(chan)品緊固件及壓(ya)力閥、壓(ya)力表不得擅自松(song)動。
14、使(shi)用本產(chan)品做高壓(ya)試驗時(shi),出熟悉(xi)本說明書外,還(huan)必須嚴格執行國家有關(guan)標準和操(cao)作(zuo)規(gui)程。可參照GB311-83《高壓(ya)輸變設(she)備(bei)的絕緣配(pei)合(he),高壓(ya)試驗技術》;《電氣設(she)備(bei)預防(fang)性試驗規(gui)程》等。
五、WBTQSB-3KVA/50KV交流耐壓機容量選擇
標稱(cheng)試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)容量(liang)Pn的確定公式:Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中:
Pn——標(biao)稱試驗(yan)變壓器容量(kVA)
Vn——試驗(yan)變壓器的額定輸出高壓的有(you)效值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1,標(biao)稱電壓Vn≥1MV時(shi),k=2;標(biao)稱電壓較低時(shi),k值可取高一些(xie)。
Ct——被試(shi)品的電容量(pF)
ω——角頻率,ω=2πf, f——試驗電源(yuan)的頻率
被(bei)試設備的電容量(liang)Ct可由交流電橋測出。Ct的變化很大,
可(ke)由(you)設備的類型(xing)而(er)定。
典(dian)型數(shu)據如下(xia):
簡單的棒式或懸式絕緣子(zi) 幾十微法
簡單的(de)分級套管 100~1000pF
電壓(ya)互感器 200 ~ 500pF
電(dian)力變壓器 < 1000kVA ~1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000~10000pF
高(gao)壓電力電纜和油浸紙絕緣 250~300pF/m
氣體(ti)絕緣 ~60pF/m
封閉變電站,SF6氣體絕(jue)緣 100~10000Pf;
對于(yu)不同的(de)(de)試驗(yan)電壓Vn,選擇不同的(de)(de)(適當(dang)的(de)(de))**系數k。
以下列出不同的Vn所(suo)選用的k值供參考(kao)。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2