一(yi)、WBYD-300KVA/100KV交流耐壓發生器概述(shu)

YDQ系列高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)根(gen)據(ju)《試驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)》標(biao)準，在油浸式試驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上而設計(ji)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)體具有良好的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)絕(jue)緣性能及優異(yi)的(de)(de)(de)滅弧(hu)性能，其耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)強度為同一壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下(xia)氮氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)2.5倍，擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)2.5倍。在0.25MPa下(xia)與(yu)油的(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)相等，在0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下(xia)是(shi)油的(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)2倍，是(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)優于油的(de)(de)(de)新一代超高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)絕(jue)緣介質材料。該(gai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)技術要求完全符(fu)合(he)《ZBK-41006-89》標(biao)準，它是(shi)油浸式輕(qing)型試驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)換代產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。該(gai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)具有體積小(xiao)、重量(liang)輕(qing)、不受氣(qi)候(hou)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)影響、電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)小(xiao)、現(xian)場(chang)搬(ban)運無(wu)需靜止可(ke)使用(yong)(yong)，使用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)長、免維修等特點。適用(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統、工(gong)礦企業、科研部門等對(dui)各種(zhong)(zhong)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備、電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)元件、絕(jue)緣材料進行工(gong)頻或直流高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣強度試驗(yan)。

二、WBYD-300KVA/100KV交流耐壓發生器產品結構

YDQ系列高(gao)壓試(shi)驗變壓器(qi)(qi)采用單框芯(xin)式(shi)鐵芯(xin)結構，初級繞組(zu)繞在鐵芯(xin)上，高(gao)壓繞組(zu)在外，這種同軸布置(zhi)減少了漏磁通(tong)，因而增(zeng)大了繞組(zu)間的耦合。產(chan)品的外殼為圓柱(zhu)灌式(shi)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)結構，能耐受(shou)0.8MPa以上壓力。其結構見圖1：

三、WBYD-300KVA/100KV交流耐壓發生器工作原理

YDQ系列高(gao)壓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓器(qi)(qi)為(wei)單相變壓器(qi)(qi)，聯結組標(biao)號(hao)Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用(yong)(yong)工頻220V(10kVA以上為(wei)380V)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源接入 (為(wei)本公司生產(chan)的試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓器(qi)(qi)配套專用(yong)(yong)設備，詳(xiang)細資料(liao)請見其具體使用(yong)(yong)說明書(shu))系列操(cao)作(zuo)箱(xiang)(臺)，經操(cao)作(zuo)箱(xiang)內自(zi)偶調(diao)壓器(qi)(qi)(50kVA以上調(diao)壓器(qi)(qi)外附(fu))調(diao)節(jie)至0～200V(或(huo)0～400V)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓輸(shu)出至YDQ試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓器(qi)(qi)的初(chu)級(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組，根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁感應(ying)原理(li)，在試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓器(qi)(qi)高(gao)壓繞(rao)(rao)組可獲得(de)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)所需的高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。

單臺YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器的工作原理圖見圖2。

單臺YDQ系(xi)列(lie)交直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)高(gao)壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器的工作(zuo)原理圖見圖3，圖中高(gao)壓(ya)套管中裝有高(gao)壓(ya)硅堆，串(chuan)接在高(gao)壓(ya)回路(lu)中作(zuo)半波整流(liu)(liu)，以(yi)獲得(de)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)。當(dang)用一短(duan)路(lu)桿將高(gao)壓(ya)硅堆短(duan)接時，可(ke)獲得(de)工頻高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)，作(zuo)為交流(liu)(liu)輸出(chu)狀(zhuang)態；取消短(duan)路(lu)桿時，作(zuo)為直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)輸出(chu)狀(zhuang)態。

試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)套管(guan)中(zhong)的(de)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)硅(gui)堆未畫(hua)出，其原理與上圖相(xiang)同(tong)。

三(san)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)接(jie)線原(yuan)理見圖(tu)4。串級(ji)(ji)(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有很(hen)大的(de)(de)優越(yue)性，因為(wei)(wei)整(zheng)個試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝置(zhi)由幾(ji)臺單(dan)(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成，單(dan)(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容量小、電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重量輕，便于運輸(shu)和(he)安裝。它既然可串接(jie)成高(gao)出(chu)(chu)幾(ji)倍(bei)的(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)(zu)合使用，又可分開成幾(ji)套(tao)單(dan)(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)(dan)獨(du)使用。整(zheng)套(tao)裝置(zhi)投資(zi)小，經濟實惠。圖(tu)5中，在(zai)(zai)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)每個單(dan)(dan)元試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中都(dou)有一個勵(li)磁繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1和(he)A2、C2。在(zai)(zai)三(san)臺串級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原(yuan)理中，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)源加在(zai)(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)a1x1上，單(dan)(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都(dou)是V。勵(li)磁繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1給(gei)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)供(gong)電(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)勵(li)磁繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)A2、C2給(gei)第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)供(gong)電(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)箱(xiang)體分別(bie)處在(zai)(zai)對地為(wei)(wei)1V和(he)2V的(de)(de)高(gao)電(dian)位上，所以箱(xiang)體對地是絕(jue)緣的(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)箱(xiang)體是接(jie)地的(de)(de)。這樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)、第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對地的(de)(de)額定(ding)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分別(bie)為(wei)(wei)1V、2V、3V；其(qi)額定(ding)容量分別(bie)為(wei)(wei)3P、2P、1P。

YDQ系列(lie)高壓試驗(yan)變(bian)壓器做被試品的(de)工頻耐壓試驗(yan)使用接(jie)線原理圖(tu)見圖(tu)5。

圖中：R1—限流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)       FRC—阻(zu)容分(fen)壓(ya)器     RF—球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)     G—球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)          CX—被試品

注(zhu)：高(gao)壓尾必(bi)須可靠接(jie)地(di)

工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R1應(ying)根據試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)額(e)定容(rong)量(liang)來選擇(ze)。如高壓(ya)(ya)側(ce)額(e)定輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在100～300mA時，可(ke)取0.5～1Ω/V(試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya))；高壓(ya)(ya)側(ce)額(e)定輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為1A以上時，可(ke)取1Ω/V(試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya))。常用水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)作為限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，管(guan)子(zi)長度可(ke)按150kV/m考慮，管(guan)子(zi)粗細應(ying)具(ju)有(you)足夠(gou)的(de)熱容(rong)量(liang)(水(shui)阻(zu)液配制(zhi)方法：用蒸餾水(shui)加入(ru)適量(liang)硫酸銅配制(zhi)成各種不(bu)同的(de)阻(zu)值)。

球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)(xi)及保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)阻：當電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)超(chao)過球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)(xi)整(zheng)定值時(一般取(qu)試驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的110%~120%)，球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)(xi)放電(dian)(dian)，對被試品起到保(bao)護作用。球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)(xi)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)阻可按1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya))選取(qu)。

在工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中(zhong)，低(di)(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表(biao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya))不是非(fei)常準(zhun)確的(de)，其原因是由于試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)存在著(zhu)漏(lou)抗，在這個漏(lou)抗上必(bi)然(ran)存在著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降或容(rong)升，使試(shi)品(pin)上的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)(di)(di)于或高(gao)于低(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)上反(fan)映出(chu)來的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時(shi)，被試(shi)品(pin)上的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是所(suo)謂(wei)容(rong)升現(xian)象。感應耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時(shi)，試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)漏(lou)抗必(bi)然(ran)存在著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為了準(zhun)確測(ce)量(liang)被試(shi)品(pin)上所(suo)施(shi)加的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此常在高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側接入FRC阻容(rong)分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)來測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。

工頻(pin)耐壓試(shi)驗操作(zuo)注意(yi)事項

1）試(shi)驗人(ren)員(yuan)應做好分工，明確相互間聯(lian)系方(fang)法。并(bing)有(you)專門人(ren)監護現場**及觀(guan)察試(shi)品狀態。

2）被(bei)試品(pin)應先(xian)清掃干凈，并**干燥，以免損壞被(bei)試品(pin)和(he)試驗(yan)帶來的誤差(cha)。

3）對于大型試驗(yan)，一般都(dou)應(ying)先(xian)進行空升試驗(yan)。即不接試品(pin)時(shi)升壓至(zhi)試驗(yan)電壓，校對各種表(biao)計，調整球間隙。

4）升壓速度不(bu)能太快，并必須(xu)防止突然加壓。例(li)如調(diao)壓器不(bu)在零位時突然合閘。也不(bu)能突然切斷電源，一(yi)般應在調(diao)壓器降至零位時拉閘。

5）當電(dian)壓(ya)升至(zhi)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)時，開始(shi)計時，到1min后，迅速(su)降壓(ya)到1/3試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)以下時，才能拉開電(dian)源(yuan)。

6）在(zai)升壓(ya)(ya)或(huo)耐壓(ya)(ya)試驗過(guo)程中，如發現下(xia)列不正(zheng)常(chang)情況時，應立即降壓(ya)(ya)，切斷(duan)電源。停止(zhi)試驗并(bing)查明原(yuan)因(yin)：①電壓(ya)(ya)表指(zhi)針(zhen)擺動(dong)很大；②發現絕緣燒(shao)焦或(huo)冒煙；③被試品內(nei)有不正(zheng)常(chang)的聲(sheng)音。

7）耐(nai)壓試驗(yan)前后應測量絕緣電(dian)阻，檢(jian)查絕緣情況。

試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)器在(zai)做(zuo)被試(shi)品的直(zhi)流(liu)耐(nai)壓(ya)或泄露(lu)試(shi)驗時接線原理圖如圖6。

注：此試驗應先抽出短路桿“D”，圖6中(zhong)所示(shi)。

圖中：VD—高(gao)壓硅堆     R1—限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻      C1—高(gao)壓濾波電(dian)容    FRC—阻容分(fen)壓器     CX—被試(shi)品    μA—帶保護微安表

泄露(lu)試驗中限(xian)流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R1選擇(ze)在額定(ding)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓時，輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)端(duan)短路電(dian)(dian)流不超過高(gao)壓硅堆的*大(da)整流。如電(dian)(dian)壓硅堆的*大(da)整流電(dian)(dian)流為100mA時用于60kV的試驗裝(zhuang)置中，限(xian)流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇(ze)。限(xian)流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)還應具有足夠的容量和沿面放電(dian)(dian)距(ju)離(li)。

高壓濾波電容C1一般選擇在0.01~0.1μF，當被試品的電容量(liang)很大時，C1可(ke)省略不用。

泄(xie)露(lu)試(shi)驗的操(cao)作及注意(yi)事(shi)項

1）試(shi)驗前應先檢查被(bei)試(shi)品是(shi)否停電，接地放電，一(yi)切對外連(lian)線是(shi)否擦干凈。要嚴防將試(shi)驗電壓加到有人工作的(de)部位上去。

2）接(jie)好試(shi)驗(yan)裝置的(de)接(jie)線后，應(ying)(ying)復查(cha)無誤后才可加壓。應(ying)(ying)特別注(zhu)意檢查(cha)高壓設備及引線與(yu)(yu)地(di)、與(yu)(yu)操作人員的(de)**距離(li)，被試(shi)品的(de)外(wai)殼(ke)是否可靠接(jie)地(di)，要按**規程中所規定的(de)內容進行試(shi)驗(yan)。

3）對于大(da)電(dian)容量設備應(ying)緩(huan)慢(man)升壓，防止被試品(pin)的充電(dian)電(dian)流燒壞(huai)微安表。必要時應(ying)分級加壓，分別讀(du)取各級電(dian)壓下微安表的穩(wen)定讀(du)數。

4）試(shi)驗過程中，應(ying)密切監視被試(shi)品、試(shi)驗裝置(zhi)、微(wei)安表，一旦發生擊穿、閃爍等異常(chang)現象應(ying)立(li)即降壓，切斷電(dian)源，并查明原因(yin)，詳細記錄。

5）試驗完畢，降壓(ya)，切(qie)斷(duan)電源后應將(jiang)被試品及試驗裝置(zhi)本身充分放電。

四、WBYD-300KVA/100KV交流耐壓發生器注意事項

1、按照(zhao)您所進(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de)試驗接好工作線路(lu)。試驗變壓器的(de)(de)外(wai)殼以及操作系統的(de)(de)外(wai)殼必須可(ke)(ke)靠接地。試驗變壓器高(gao)壓繞(rao)組的(de)(de)X端(高(gao)壓尾(wei))以及測量繞(rao)組的(de)(de)F端必須可(ke)(ke)靠接地。

2、做串(chuan)級試(shi)驗(yan)時，**級、第三級試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器的(de)(de)低壓(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)X端，測量(liang)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)F端以(yi)及高壓(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)X端(高壓(ya)尾)均接本級試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器的(de)(de)外(wai)殼。**級、第三級試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器的(de)(de)外(wai)殼必須通過絕緣支架接地。

3、接通電源前(qian)，操作系統的調(diao)壓器(qi)必須調(diao)到零位后方可(ke)接通電源，合閘，開始(shi)升壓。

4、從零開(kai)始(shi)均勻旋轉(zhuan)調(diao)壓(ya)器手輪(lun)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)方(fang)法有：快速(su)(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)法，即(ji)20s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)法；慢(man)速(su)(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)法，即(ji)60s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)法；極(ji)慢(man)速(su)(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)法供選用。電(dian)壓(ya)從零開(kai)始(shi)按一定的(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)方(fang)式(shi)和(he)速(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)到您(nin)(nin)所需的(de)(de)額(e)定試驗電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)75%后，在以每秒(miao)2%額(e)定試驗電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)速(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)升(sheng)(sheng)到您(nin)(nin)所需的(de)(de)額(e)定電(dian)壓(ya)，并密切注意測量儀表的(de)(de)指(zhi)示以及被(bei)試品(pin)的(de)(de)情況(kuang)(kuang)。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)過程中或試驗過程中如發現測量儀表的(de)(de)指(zhi)示及被(bei)試品(pin)情況(kuang)(kuang)異(yi)常(chang)，應立即(ji)降壓(ya)，切斷電(dian)源(yuan)，查明情況(kuang)(kuang)。

5、試驗(yan)完畢后，應在數秒內勻(yun)速的將調壓器返回(hui)至(zhi)零位，然后切(qie)斷電源。

6、本產品不得超過額定參數使用。除試驗必須(xu)外，決不允(yun)許全電(dian)(dian)壓通電(dian)(dian)或(huo)斷電(dian)(dian)。

7、再升壓或耐壓試驗過(guo)程中，如發現以下不正(zheng)常情況(kuang)時，應立即降壓，切斷電(dian)源，停止(zhi)試驗并查(cha)明原(yuan)因。

⑴電壓表指針(zhen)擺動(dong)(或數(shu)字跳動(dong))很大(da)

⑵電流(liu)表直(zhi)線上升(sheng)

被試品內有不(bu)正常的聲音

8、圖1中第9項系(xi)壓力閥(fa)及壓力表(biao)，為(wei)長(chang)期關閉(bi)狀態。每(mei)6個(ge)月開閥(fa)一次，以檢查SF6壓力，應(ying)不小(xiao)于(yu)0.2MPa(檢查壓力后立即關閉(bi)閥(fa)門)，低于(yu)0.2MPa時(shi)應(ying)加(jia)SF6氣體(ti)，以增加(jia)氣絕緣。

9、耐壓實驗前后應測量被試設(she)備的絕(jue)緣(yuan)電阻，檢查絕(jue)緣(yuan)情(qing)況。

10、當試驗變壓器長期不(bu)使用時，應放置于(yu)通風、干(gan)燥、無(wu)陽光直射的地(di)方。

11、該產品不允許在高于45℃的溫度下長(chang)期存放、使用、放氣。

12、運(yun)輸搬運(yun)途(tu)中不得(de)重力沖擊。

13、產品緊固件及壓力閥、壓力表不得擅自(zi)松(song)動。

14、使用本產品(pin)做高壓(ya)試驗時，出熟(shu)悉本說明書外，還必須(xu)嚴格執行國家(jia)有關標準和操作規(gui)(gui)程。可(ke)參照GB311-83《高壓(ya)輸變設備的(de)絕緣配(pei)合，高壓(ya)試驗技術》；《電氣設備預(yu)防性試驗規(gui)(gui)程》等。

五、WBYD-300KVA/100KV交流耐壓發生器容量選擇

標稱試驗變(bian)壓器(qi)容量Pn的確定公式(shi)：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9

式中(zhong)：

Pn——標稱(cheng)試驗(yan)變壓器容量(liang)(kVA)

Vn——試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器(qi)的(de)額定(ding)輸出高壓的(de)有(you)效值(kV)

k ——**系(xi)數。k≥1，標稱電壓Vn≥1MV時，k=2；標稱電壓較低時，k值(zhi)可(ke)取高一(yi)些。

Ct——被試品的電容量(pF)

ω——角頻(pin)率(lv)，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源的頻(pin)率(lv)

被(bei)試設(she)備的電(dian)容量Ct可由交流(liu)電(dian)橋測(ce)出(chu)。Ct的變(bian)化(hua)很大，

可由設備的類型(xing)而定。

典型數據如(ru)下：

簡單的棒式或懸式絕緣子(zi)             幾十微法

簡(jian)單的分級套(tao)管                     100～1000pF

電壓互感(gan)器                ;         200 ～ 500pF

電(dian)力變壓器       < 1000kVA ～1000pF

> 1000kVA      ;  1000～10000pF

高壓電力(li)電纜(lan)和油浸紙絕緣           250～300pF/m

氣體絕緣               &nbsp;           ～60pF/m

封閉變電(dian)站，SF6氣體絕(jue)緣    ;        100～10000Pf;

對于不同的試驗(yan)電壓Vn，選擇不同的(適當的)**系數(shu)k。

以(yi)下列出(chu)不同的Vn所選用的k值供參(can)考。

Vn =50~100kV &nbsp;      k = 4

Vn =150~300kV &nbsp;     k = 3

Vn > 300kV     &nbsp;    k = 2