一、WBYD-150KVA/300KV交直流耐壓發生器概述
YDQ系(xi)列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)是根據《試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)》標準，在油(you)浸式(shi)試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)基礎上而設計生產(chan)的(de)。SF6氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體具有良好的(de)電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)絕(jue)緣性能(neng)及優異的(de)滅弧性能(neng)，其(qi)耐壓(ya)(ya)強度(du)為同(tong)一(yi)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)下氮氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)2.5倍(bei)，擊(ji)(ji)穿電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)2.5倍(bei)。在0.25MPa下與油(you)的(de)擊(ji)(ji)穿電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)相等，在0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)力(li)下是油(you)的(de)擊(ji)(ji)穿電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)2倍(bei)，是一(yi)種優于(yu)(yu)油(you)的(de)新(xin)一(yi)代(dai)(dai)超高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)絕(jue)緣介質材料(liao)。該產(chan)品(pin)技術(shu)要求(qiu)完全符合(he)《ZBK-41006-89》標準，它是油(you)浸式(shi)輕(qing)型試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)換代(dai)(dai)產(chan)品(pin)。該產(chan)品(pin)具有體積小(xiao)、重量輕(qing)、不受(shou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)變化影(ying)響、電(dian)暈小(xiao)、現(xian)場(chang)搬運無需(xu)靜止可使(shi)用(yong)，使(shi)用(yong)壽命長、免維修等特點(dian)。適用(yong)于(yu)(yu)電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統、工礦企業、科研部門等對各(ge)種高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)設備、電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)元件(jian)、絕(jue)緣材料(liao)進行工頻或直流高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)下的(de)絕(jue)緣強度(du)試驗。
二、WBYD-150KVA/300KV交直流耐壓發生器產品結構
YDQ系列高壓試驗(yan)變(bian)壓器采用單框(kuang)芯(xin)(xin)式鐵芯(xin)(xin)結構(gou)，初級(ji)繞(rao)組繞(rao)在鐵芯(xin)(xin)上，高壓繞(rao)組在外，這種同(tong)軸布置減少(shao)了(le)漏磁通，因而增(zeng)大(da)了(le)繞(rao)組間(jian)的耦(ou)合(he)。產品(pin)的外殼(ke)為圓柱灌式容器結構(gou)，能(neng)耐受0.8MPa以上壓力。其結構(gou)見圖(tu)1：
三、WBYD-150KVA/300KV交直流耐壓發生器工作原理
YDQ系列(lie)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)為單相變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，聯結組(zu)標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用(yong)工頻220V(10kVA以(yi)(yi)上為380V)電源接入 (為本(ben)公司(si)生產的(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)配(pei)套專用(yong)設(she)備，詳(xiang)細資料(liao)請見其(qi)具(ju)體使用(yong)說明書)系列(lie)操(cao)作(zuo)箱(xiang)(臺)，經(jing)操(cao)作(zuo)箱(xiang)內自偶調(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(50kVA以(yi)(yi)上調(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)外(wai)附)調(diao)(diao)節至0～200V(或0～400V)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輸出(chu)至YDQ試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)初級(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)，根據電磁感應(ying)原(yuan)理，在試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)可獲得試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗所需的(de)高(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列(lie)高(gao)壓試驗(yan)變壓器的工作(zuo)原(yuan)理圖見圖2。
單臺YDQ系列交直流(liu)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的工作原(yuan)理圖(tu)(tu)見圖(tu)(tu)3，圖(tu)(tu)中(zhong)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)套管中(zhong)裝有高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)硅堆，串接(jie)在高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)回路中(zhong)作半(ban)波整(zheng)流(liu)，以(yi)獲得(de)直流(liu)高電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。當用一短路桿(gan)將高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)硅堆短接(jie)時，可(ke)獲得(de)工頻高電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，作為交流(liu)輸出(chu)狀(zhuang)態；取(qu)消短路桿(gan)時，作為直流(liu)輸出(chu)狀(zhuang)態。
試驗變(bian)壓器(qi)高(gao)壓套管中的(de)高(gao)壓硅堆未畫出，其(qi)原理與上圖相同。
三臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)接線原理見圖(tu)(tu)4。串級(ji)(ji)(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)優(you)越性，因為整個試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)置由(you)幾臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)成，單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容量(liang)小(xiao)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)、重(zhong)量(liang)輕(qing)，便于運輸和安裝(zhuang)。它既然(ran)可串接成高(gao)出(chu)(chu)幾倍的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)合使(shi)用，又可分(fen)(fen)開成幾套單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)(dan)獨使(shi)用。整套裝(zhuang)置投資小(xiao)，經濟(ji)實惠(hui)。圖(tu)(tu)5中(zhong)，在(zai)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)和**級(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)每個單(dan)(dan)元試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)都有(you)(you)一個勵(li)磁繞組(zu)A1、C1和A2、C2。在(zai)三臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原理中(zhong)，低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源加在(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)a1x1上(shang)，單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)都是V。勵(li)磁繞組(zu)A1、C1給**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)勵(li)磁繞組(zu)A2、C2給第(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和第(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)體分(fen)(fen)別處在(zai)對(dui)地(di)為1V和2V的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位上(shang)，所以箱(xiang)體對(dui)地(di)是絕(jue)緣(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)體是接地(di)的(de)(de)(de)。這樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)額定(ding)輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)(fen)別為1V、2V、3V；其額定(ding)容量(liang)分(fen)(fen)別為3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系(xi)列高壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器做被試(shi)(shi)(shi)品的工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗使用接線原(yuan)理圖見圖5。
圖中：R1—限流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu) FRC—阻(zu)容分壓(ya)器 RF—球(qiu)(qiu)間(jian)隙保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)阻(zu) G—球(qiu)(qiu)間(jian)隙 CX—被(bei)試(shi)品
注：高壓尾必(bi)須(xu)可靠接(jie)地
工(gong)頻耐壓試驗(yan)中限流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R1應根據試驗(yan)變壓器的(de)額定容量(liang)來選擇。如高壓側(ce)額定輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)在100～300mA時，可取0.5～1Ω/V(試驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓)；高壓側(ce)額定輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)為1A以上時，可取1Ω/V(試驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓)。常用水電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)作為限流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，管子(zi)長度可按(an)150kV/m考(kao)慮，管子(zi)粗細應具有足夠的(de)熱容量(liang)(水阻(zu)液配(pei)制方法(fa)：用蒸餾(liu)水加入(ru)適量(liang)硫酸(suan)銅配(pei)制成各種不同的(de)阻(zu)值)。
球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)及保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)：當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)超過(guo)球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)整定值時(一般取(qu)試驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)110%~120%)，球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，對(dui)被(bei)試品起到保護(hu)作用。球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)可按1Ω/V(試驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya))選取(qu)。
在(zai)工頻(pin)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)中，低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是(shi)非(fei)常(chang)準確的(de)(de)(de)，其(qi)原因是(shi)由于試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)著(zhu)漏(lou)抗，在(zai)這個漏(lou)抗上(shang)(shang)必然存(cun)(cun)在(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)或容(rong)(rong)升，使試(shi)(shi)品上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)于或高(gao)于低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表上(shang)(shang)反映出來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻(pin)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時，被試(shi)(shi)品上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是(shi)所謂容(rong)(rong)升現象。感應耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時，試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)漏(lou)抗必然存(cun)(cun)在(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)。為了(le)準確測量被試(shi)(shi)品上(shang)(shang)所施加的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此常(chang)在(zai)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)接(jie)入(ru)FRC阻容(rong)(rong)分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)來(lai)測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工頻耐壓試驗操作注意事項
1）試驗人員應(ying)做(zuo)好(hao)分工，明確相互間聯系方法。并有專門人監護現場**及觀察試品狀態。
2）被(bei)試(shi)(shi)品應先清掃干(gan)凈，并**干(gan)燥，以免損壞被(bei)試(shi)(shi)品和(he)試(shi)(shi)驗帶來(lai)的誤差。
3）對(dui)于大型試驗，一般(ban)都應先進行(xing)空(kong)升(sheng)試驗。即(ji)不接試品時升(sheng)壓至試驗電壓，校對(dui)各種表計(ji)，調整(zheng)球間隙。
4）升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)速度不能太快(kuai)，并必須防止突(tu)然(ran)(ran)加壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。例(li)如調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器不在(zai)零位(wei)時(shi)(shi)突(tu)然(ran)(ran)合閘。也(ye)不能突(tu)然(ran)(ran)切斷電源，一般應在(zai)調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器降(jiang)至(zhi)零位(wei)時(shi)(shi)拉閘。
5）當電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)升(sheng)至(zhi)試驗電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時(shi)，開始計(ji)時(shi)，到(dao)1min后，迅速降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)到(dao)1/3試驗電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)以下(xia)時(shi)，才能拉開電源。
6）在升(sheng)壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)過程中，如發(fa)現下列不正(zheng)常情況時(shi)，應立即降壓(ya)，切斷電(dian)源。停止試(shi)驗(yan)并查(cha)明原因：①電(dian)壓(ya)表(biao)指針擺動很大；②發(fa)現絕緣(yuan)燒焦或冒煙；③被試(shi)品內有不正(zheng)常的(de)聲音。
7）耐(nai)壓試(shi)驗前(qian)后應(ying)測量絕(jue)緣電阻，檢查絕(jue)緣情況(kuang)。
試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器在做被試品的直流耐壓(ya)或泄露試驗時接線原理圖如圖6。
注：此(ci)試驗應先抽出短路桿“D”，圖6中所示。
圖(tu)中：VD—高壓硅堆 R1—限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻 ; C1—高壓濾波電(dian)容 FRC—阻容分壓器 CX—被試品(pin) μA—帶保護微安表
泄露試驗中(zhong)限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)R1選擇(ze)在額定(ding)輸出電(dian)壓(ya)時，輸出端短路電(dian)流(liu)不超(chao)過(guo)高壓(ya)硅(gui)堆的*大整流(liu)。如電(dian)壓(ya)硅(gui)堆的*大整流(liu)電(dian)流(liu)為100mA時用(yong)于60kV的試驗裝置(zhi)中(zhong)，限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇(ze)。限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)還應具有足夠的容(rong)量(liang)和(he)沿面放電(dian)距(ju)離。
高壓濾波電容C1一般選擇在0.01~0.1μF，當被試品的(de)電容量(liang)很大時，C1可省略不用。
泄露試驗(yan)的操作及注(zhu)意事項
1）試驗(yan)前應(ying)先檢(jian)查被(bei)試品(pin)是(shi)(shi)否停電，接地放電，一切(qie)對外連(lian)線(xian)是(shi)(shi)否擦干凈。要(yao)嚴防將試驗(yan)電壓加到有人工(gong)作的部位上去。
2）接好(hao)試驗(yan)裝置的(de)接線(xian)后，應復查(cha)無(wu)誤后才可加壓(ya)。應特別注(zhu)意(yi)檢(jian)查(cha)高(gao)壓(ya)設備及引線(xian)與(yu)地、與(yu)操作人員的(de)**距離，被試品(pin)的(de)外殼是否可靠接地，要(yao)按**規程中(zhong)所(suo)規定的(de)內容進行試驗(yan)。
3）對于(yu)大電(dian)容量設備應(ying)緩慢(man)升壓(ya)，防止被試品的充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流燒(shao)壞微(wei)安表。必要時應(ying)分級加壓(ya)，分別(bie)讀取各級電(dian)壓(ya)下微(wei)安表的穩定讀數。
4）試驗(yan)過(guo)程中，應密(mi)切監視被試品、試驗(yan)裝(zhuang)置、微安表，一旦發生擊穿、閃爍等異常現象應立即降壓，切斷電源，并(bing)查明原因，詳細記錄。
5）試(shi)(shi)驗完畢，降壓，切斷電(dian)源后(hou)應將(jiang)被試(shi)(shi)品及試(shi)(shi)驗裝置(zhi)本身充分放電(dian)。
四、WBYD-150KVA/300KV交直流耐壓發生器注意事項
1、按(an)照您(nin)所進行(xing)的(de)試驗接(jie)好工作(zuo)線路。試驗變壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)外殼(ke)以(yi)及操作(zuo)系統的(de)外殼(ke)必須可(ke)靠接(jie)地。試驗變壓(ya)器(qi)高壓(ya)繞(rao)(rao)組的(de)X端(高壓(ya)尾)以(yi)及測量繞(rao)(rao)組的(de)F端必須可(ke)靠接(jie)地。
2、做串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時(shi)，**級(ji)(ji)、第三級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓器的(de)(de)低(di)壓繞(rao)組的(de)(de)X端，測(ce)量繞(rao)組的(de)(de)F端以及高(gao)壓繞(rao)組的(de)(de)X端(高(gao)壓尾)均接本級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓器的(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)殼(ke)。**級(ji)(ji)、第三級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓器的(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)殼(ke)必須通過絕緣支(zhi)架(jia)接地。
3、接(jie)通電源前，操作(zuo)系統的調壓(ya)器必(bi)須調到零位后方(fang)可(ke)接(jie)通電源，合閘，開(kai)始升壓(ya)。
4、從(cong)(cong)零開(kai)始均勻旋(xuan)轉調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)器手輪升壓(ya)(ya)。升壓(ya)(ya)方法(fa)有：快(kuai)速(su)(su)升壓(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即(ji)(ji)20s逐級(ji)(ji)升壓(ya)(ya)法(fa)；慢速(su)(su)升壓(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即(ji)(ji)60s逐級(ji)(ji)升壓(ya)(ya)法(fa)；極慢速(su)(su)升壓(ya)(ya)法(fa)供選用。電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)從(cong)(cong)零開(kai)始按一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)升壓(ya)(ya)方式(shi)和(he)速(su)(su)度上升到您所需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)(ding)試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)75%后，在以每秒2%額(e)定(ding)(ding)試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)度升到您所需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，并密切注意測量儀表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指示(shi)(shi)以及被(bei)試(shi)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況。升壓(ya)(ya)過(guo)程中或試(shi)驗過(guo)程中如發現測量儀表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指示(shi)(shi)及被(bei)試(shi)品情況異常，應立即(ji)(ji)降壓(ya)(ya)，切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，查(cha)明情況。
5、試驗(yan)完畢后(hou)，應在數秒內勻速的(de)將調壓(ya)器(qi)返回至零位，然后(hou)切斷電源。
6、本產品(pin)不得超過額定(ding)參數使用。除試(shi)驗必須外，決(jue)不允許全電壓通(tong)電或斷電。
7、再升(sheng)壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試驗過程中，如發(fa)現以下不正(zheng)常情況時，應立即降壓(ya)，切斷電源(yuan)，停止試驗并查(cha)明原因。
⑴電壓表指針擺動(或數字跳動)很(hen)大
⑵電流表(biao)直(zhi)線上升
被試品內(nei)有(you)不(bu)正(zheng)常的聲(sheng)音(yin)
8、圖(tu)1中第9項系壓力(li)(li)閥(fa)及壓力(li)(li)表，為長期關(guan)閉狀(zhuang)態(tai)。每6個月開閥(fa)一次，以(yi)檢查(cha)SF6壓力(li)(li)，應不小于(yu)(yu)0.2MPa(檢查(cha)壓力(li)(li)后(hou)立即關(guan)閉閥(fa)門)，低于(yu)(yu)0.2MPa時應加(jia)SF6氣(qi)(qi)體，以(yi)增加(jia)氣(qi)(qi)絕(jue)緣。
9、耐壓實驗前后應測量被(bei)試設備的絕(jue)緣(yuan)電阻，檢查(cha)絕(jue)緣(yuan)情況。
10、當試驗變壓器(qi)長(chang)期不使用時，應放置于通風、干(gan)燥、無陽光直射的地(di)方(fang)。
11、該(gai)產品不允許在(zai)高于45℃的溫度下(xia)長期(qi)存放、使用、放氣。
12、運(yun)輸搬運(yun)途中不得重力沖擊。
13、產品緊固(gu)件及壓力(li)閥、壓力(li)表不得擅自松動。
14、使用本產(chan)品做高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)試驗(yan)時，出熟(shu)悉本說明書外，還必須嚴(yan)格執行國家有(you)關標準和操(cao)作(zuo)規(gui)程(cheng)。可參照GB311-83《高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)輸變設備的絕緣配(pei)合，高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)試驗(yan)技術(shu)》；《電(dian)氣設備預防(fang)性(xing)試驗(yan)規(gui)程(cheng)》等(deng)。
五、WBYD-150KVA/300KV交直流耐壓發生器容量選擇
標稱試驗(yan)變壓器容量Pn的確定公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式(shi)中：
Pn——標(biao)稱試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器(qi)容量(kVA)
Vn——試驗變壓器的額(e)定輸出高(gao)壓的有(you)效值(kV)
k ——**系(xi)數。k≥1，標稱電壓Vn≥1MV時，k=2；標稱電壓較(jiao)低時，k值可取高一些。
Ct——被試品的(de)電容量(pF)
ω——角頻率(lv)，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源的頻率(lv)
被試設(she)備的電容(rong)量Ct可由交流電橋測出。Ct的變化很大，
可由(you)設備的類型而定。
典型(xing)數據如下：
簡單的棒式(shi)(shi)或(huo)懸式(shi)(shi)絕緣子 幾十微(wei)法
簡單的分級套管(guan) 100～1000pF
電(dian)壓互感器 200 ～ 500pF
電力變壓器 < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高壓電力電纜和(he)油浸紙(zhi)絕緣 250～300pF/m
氣(qi)體絕(jue)緣 ～60pF/m
封閉變電站，SF6氣體絕緣 100～10000Pf;
對于不(bu)同(tong)的試驗(yan)電壓Vn，選擇不(bu)同(tong)的(適(shi)當的)**系數k。
以下列出不同的(de)(de)Vn所選用的(de)(de)k值(zhi)供參考(kao)。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2