一、WBYD-100KVA/300KV工頻交流試驗變壓器概述
YDQ系列高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)根據《試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)》標準，在(zai)油浸式(shi)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上而(er)設計生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)具有良好的(de)(de)(de)電氣(qi)(qi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)性能及優異(yi)的(de)(de)(de)滅(mie)弧性能，其耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強度(du)為同(tong)一(yi)(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力下氮氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)2.5倍，擊(ji)穿(chuan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)2.5倍。在(zai)0.25MPa下與油的(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿(chuan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相等，在(zai)0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力下是(shi)油的(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿(chuan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)2倍，是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種優于(yu)油的(de)(de)(de)新一(yi)(yi)代超(chao)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)絕(jue)緣(yuan)介質材(cai)料。該產(chan)品技術要求完(wan)全符合《ZBK-41006-89》標準，它是(shi)油浸式(shi)輕型試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)換代產(chan)品。該產(chan)品具有體(ti)積小(xiao)、重(zhong)量輕、不受氣(qi)(qi)候變(bian)化影響、電暈小(xiao)、現(xian)場搬(ban)運無需(xu)靜止可使用，使用壽命(ming)長、免維修(xiu)等特點。適用于(yu)電力系統(tong)、工礦企業、科研部門等對各種高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電氣(qi)(qi)設備、電氣(qi)(qi)元件、絕(jue)緣(yuan)材(cai)料進(jin)行工頻或直流(liu)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)強度(du)試(shi)驗(yan)。
二、WBYD-100KVA/300KV工頻交流試驗變壓器產品結構
YDQ系列(lie)高壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)采用單框芯(xin)式(shi)鐵(tie)芯(xin)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)，初級繞組繞在鐵(tie)芯(xin)上，高壓(ya)(ya)繞組在外(wai)，這種同軸布置減(jian)少了漏磁通，因而(er)增大了繞組間的耦合。產(chan)品的外(wai)殼為圓柱(zhu)灌式(shi)容器(qi)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)，能耐受0.8MPa以上壓(ya)(ya)力(li)。其結(jie)(jie)構(gou)見圖1：
三、WBYD-100KVA/300KV工頻交流試驗變壓器工作原理
YDQ系列高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)為(wei)單相變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)，聯結(jie)組標號(hao)Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用工(gong)頻220V(10kVA以上為(wei)380V)電源接入 (為(wei)本公司(si)生產的試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)配套專(zhuan)用設(she)備，詳細資料請見其具(ju)體使用說明書)系列操(cao)作箱(臺)，經(jing)操(cao)作箱內自偶調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(50kVA以上調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)外附)調(diao)節至0～200V(或(huo)0～400V)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)輸出至YDQ試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的初級繞組，根(gen)據電磁(ci)感應原理，在試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞組可獲得試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)所需(xu)的高電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列(lie)高壓(ya)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器(qi)的工作原理(li)圖(tu)見圖(tu)2。
單臺YDQ系(xi)列交直流(liu)(liu)(liu)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的工(gong)作(zuo)原理圖(tu)見(jian)圖(tu)3，圖(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)套管中(zhong)(zhong)裝有(you)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)硅堆(dui)，串接在(zai)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)回路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)作(zuo)半(ban)波(bo)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)，以獲得(de)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。當用(yong)一短路(lu)桿(gan)將高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)硅堆(dui)短接時，可獲得(de)工(gong)頻高(gao)(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，作(zuo)為交流(liu)(liu)(liu)輸出狀態(tai)；取消短路(lu)桿(gan)時，作(zuo)為直流(liu)(liu)(liu)輸出狀態(tai)。
試驗變壓器(qi)高壓套管中(zhong)的高壓硅堆未畫出，其原理(li)與上圖相(xiang)同。
三(san)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串級(ji)獲得(de)更高(gao)(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)線原(yuan)理見圖4。串級(ji)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優越性，因為整個(ge)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)由幾臺單(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)成(cheng)，單(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容量小(xiao)、電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重量輕，便于運輸和(he)(he)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)。它既然可(ke)(ke)串接(jie)成(cheng)高(gao)(gao)出幾倍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸出電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)合使(shi)(shi)用，又可(ke)(ke)分(fen)開成(cheng)幾套單(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)獨使(shi)(shi)用。整套裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)投(tou)資(zi)小(xiao)，經濟實(shi)惠。圖5中，在**級(ji)和(he)(he)**級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每個(ge)單(dan)元試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中都(dou)有一個(ge)勵(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)A1、C1和(he)(he)A2、C2。在三(san)臺串級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基(ji)本原(yuan)理中，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電源加在試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)a1x1上(shang)，單(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都(dou)是V。勵(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)A1、C1給**級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)供(gong)電；**級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勵(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)A2、C2給第(di)三(san)級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)供(gong)電。**級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)(he)第(di)三(san)級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)分(fen)別處在對地(di)(di)為1V和(he)(he)2V的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)電位上(shang)，所(suo)以箱(xiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)對地(di)(di)是絕緣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)是接(jie)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。這樣**級(ji)、**級(ji)、第(di)三(san)級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額定輸出電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)別為1V、2V、3V；其額定容量分(fen)別為3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系(xi)列高壓試驗變壓器做(zuo)被試品的工頻耐壓試驗使用接線原(yuan)理圖見圖5。
圖中：R1—限流(liu)電(dian)阻 FRC—阻容(rong)分壓器 RF—球間(jian)隙保護電(dian)阻 G—球間(jian)隙 CX—被(bei)試品
注：高壓尾必須可靠接(jie)地
工頻(pin)耐(nai)壓(ya)試驗(yan)中限流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R1應根據試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器的額定容量來(lai)選擇。如高壓(ya)側(ce)額定輸出電(dian)(dian)流(liu)在(zai)100～300mA時，可取0.5～1Ω/V(試驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya))；高壓(ya)側(ce)額定輸出電(dian)(dian)流(liu)為1A以上(shang)時，可取1Ω/V(試驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya))。常用水電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)作為限流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，管子(zi)長度可按150kV/m考(kao)慮，管子(zi)粗細應具(ju)有足夠的熱容量(水阻(zu)液配(pei)制(zhi)方法：用蒸(zheng)餾水加入適(shi)量硫酸銅配(pei)制(zhi)成各種不同(tong)的阻(zu)值)。
球間隙(xi)及(ji)保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻：當電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)超過球間隙(xi)整定(ding)值時(一般取試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的110%~120%)，球間隙(xi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，對被試(shi)品起到保護作用(yong)。球間隙(xi)保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻可(ke)按1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya))選取。
在工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中，低(di)(di)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)量電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀(yi)表電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是非常準確(que)的(de)(de)(de)，其原因是由(you)于(yu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)存在著(zhu)漏抗，在這個漏抗上(shang)必然存在著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降或(huo)容升，使(shi)試(shi)品(pin)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)(di)于(yu)或(huo)高于(yu)低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)量電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表上(shang)反映出來的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時，被試(shi)品(pin)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于(yu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)輸出電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是所謂容升現象。感應耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時，試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)漏抗必然存在著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為了(le)準確(que)測(ce)量被試(shi)品(pin)上(shang)所施加的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此常在高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)接入FRC阻容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)來測(ce)量電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖(tu)5)。
工頻耐壓(ya)試驗操作注(zhu)意(yi)事項
1）試驗人員應做好(hao)分工，明確相互(hu)間(jian)聯系方法。并有專(zhuan)門人監(jian)護現(xian)場**及(ji)觀察(cha)試品狀態(tai)。
2）被試品(pin)應先(xian)清掃(sao)干(gan)凈，并(bing)**干(gan)燥，以(yi)免損壞被試品(pin)和試驗帶來的誤差。
3）對于大型試(shi)驗(yan)，一般都(dou)應先(xian)進行空升試(shi)驗(yan)。即(ji)不接試(shi)品時(shi)升壓(ya)至試(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya)，校對各種(zhong)表計，調整球間隙。
4）升(sheng)壓(ya)速度不能(neng)太快，并必須防(fang)止突然加壓(ya)。例如調壓(ya)器(qi)不在(zai)零位(wei)時(shi)突然合(he)閘(zha)。也(ye)不能(neng)突然切斷(duan)電源，一般(ban)應在(zai)調壓(ya)器(qi)降至零位(wei)時(shi)拉閘(zha)。
5）當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓升至試驗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時，開始計時，到(dao)1min后，迅(xun)速降壓到(dao)1/3試驗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓以下時，才能拉(la)開電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。
6）在(zai)升壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗過程中，如發(fa)現下列不正(zheng)常情況時，應(ying)立即(ji)降壓(ya)，切(qie)斷(duan)電(dian)源。停止(zhi)試(shi)(shi)驗并查明原(yuan)因：①電(dian)壓(ya)表指針(zhen)擺動很大；②發(fa)現絕緣燒焦或冒煙；③被(bei)試(shi)(shi)品內(nei)有不正(zheng)常的聲音。
7）耐(nai)壓試驗前后應測量絕(jue)緣電阻(zu)，檢查絕(jue)緣情(qing)況。
試(shi)驗變壓器在做(zuo)被試(shi)品的直流耐壓或泄露試(shi)驗時接線原理圖如(ru)圖6。
注：此(ci)試驗應先(xian)抽出短路桿“D”，圖6中(zhong)所示。
圖中(zhong)：VD—高(gao)壓硅堆 R1—限流電阻 C1—高(gao)壓濾(lv)波電容 FRC—阻容分壓器 CX—被試品(pin) μA—帶保護微安(an)表(biao)
泄露試(shi)驗(yan)中限流(liu)電阻(zu)R1選擇在額定輸出(chu)(chu)電壓時(shi)，輸出(chu)(chu)端短路電流(liu)不超過高壓硅(gui)堆的(de)*大整流(liu)。如電壓硅(gui)堆的(de)*大整流(liu)電流(liu)為100mA時(shi)用于(yu)60kV的(de)試(shi)驗(yan)裝(zhuang)置中，限流(liu)電阻(zu)按(an)R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇。限流(liu)電阻(zu)還(huan)應具有足夠的(de)容量和沿面放電距(ju)離。
高壓濾(lv)波電(dian)容(rong)C1一般選擇(ze)在0.01~0.1μF，當(dang)被試品的電(dian)容(rong)量(liang)很大時，C1可省略不用。
泄(xie)露(lu)試驗的(de)操作及注意事(shi)項
1）試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗前應(ying)先檢查被試(shi)(shi)(shi)品是否(fou)停電(dian)(dian)，接地(di)放電(dian)(dian)，一切對外連線是否(fou)擦(ca)干凈。要嚴(yan)防將試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓加到有(you)人工作的部位上去(qu)。
2）接(jie)好試(shi)(shi)驗裝置的接(jie)線后(hou)，應復查(cha)無(wu)誤后(hou)才可加壓(ya)。應特別注意檢(jian)查(cha)高壓(ya)設備及引線與地(di)(di)、與操作人(ren)員的**距離，被試(shi)(shi)品的外殼是否可靠(kao)接(jie)地(di)(di)，要按**規(gui)(gui)程中所(suo)規(gui)(gui)定的內容進行試(shi)(shi)驗。
3）對于大電容量設(she)備應緩慢升(sheng)壓，防止(zhi)被試品(pin)的充電電流燒壞微安表(biao)。必(bi)要時應分(fen)(fen)級(ji)加壓，分(fen)(fen)別讀(du)取各級(ji)電壓下微安表(biao)的穩定(ding)讀(du)數。
4）試驗過程中(zhong)，應(ying)密(mi)切監視被試品(pin)、試驗裝(zhuang)置(zhi)、微安(an)表，一旦發生擊穿、閃(shan)爍等異常現象應(ying)立(li)即(ji)降壓(ya)，切斷(duan)電源(yuan)，并查明(ming)原(yuan)因，詳(xiang)細記錄。
5）試驗(yan)完畢(bi)，降壓，切斷(duan)電源后應將被試品及試驗(yan)裝置本身充分(fen)放電。
四、WBYD-100KVA/300KV工頻交流試驗變壓器注意事項
1、按照您所進行的(de)(de)(de)試驗(yan)接(jie)好工作(zuo)線路。試驗(yan)變(bian)壓器的(de)(de)(de)外殼(ke)以及(ji)操作(zuo)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)外殼(ke)必須可靠接(jie)地。試驗(yan)變(bian)壓器高壓繞(rao)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)X端(高壓尾)以及(ji)測量繞(rao)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)F端必須可靠接(jie)地。
2、做(zuo)串級(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)時，**級(ji)(ji)、第三級(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的低(di)壓(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組的X端(duan)，測量繞(rao)組的F端(duan)以及高壓(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組的X端(duan)(高壓(ya)(ya)尾)均接本級(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的外(wai)殼。**級(ji)(ji)、第三級(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的外(wai)殼必須通過絕緣支架接地(di)。
3、接通(tong)電源前，操(cao)作系統(tong)的調壓器必須調到零(ling)位后方可接通(tong)電源，合閘，開(kai)始升壓。
4、從零開始(shi)(shi)均勻(yun)旋轉調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)手輪(lun)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)法(fa)有(you)：快速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即20s逐級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；慢速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即60s逐級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；極慢速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)供選用。電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)從零開始(shi)(shi)按一(yi)定的升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)式(shi)和速(su)度上升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您(nin)所需(xu)的額定試(shi)(shi)驗電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的75%后，在以每秒2%額定試(shi)(shi)驗電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的速(su)度升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您(nin)所需(xu)的額定電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，并密切注意(yi)測量儀表的指示以及被試(shi)(shi)品(pin)的情(qing)況。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過程中或(huo)試(shi)(shi)驗過程中如(ru)發現測量儀表的指示及被試(shi)(shi)品(pin)情(qing)況異常，應立(li)即降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，切斷電源，查明情(qing)況。
5、試(shi)驗完畢后，應在數秒內勻速的將調壓(ya)器返回至零位，然后切斷電源。
6、本產品不(bu)得超過(guo)額(e)定(ding)參數使(shi)用。除試驗必須(xu)外，決不(bu)允許全電壓通電或斷電。
7、再(zai)升壓(ya)或(huo)耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗過(guo)程中，如發現以下不正常(chang)情(qing)況時，應立即降(jiang)壓(ya)，切斷電(dian)源，停止試(shi)驗并查(cha)明(ming)原因。
⑴電壓(ya)表指針擺(bai)動(或數字跳(tiao)動)很(hen)大
⑵電流表(biao)直線上升(sheng)
被試品(pin)內有不正(zheng)常(chang)的聲音(yin)
8、圖1中第9項系壓力閥(fa)(fa)及(ji)壓力表，為長(chang)期關閉(bi)狀態。每6個(ge)月開閥(fa)(fa)一次，以檢查(cha)SF6壓力，應不小于0.2MPa(檢查(cha)壓力后立即(ji)關閉(bi)閥(fa)(fa)門)，低于0.2MPa時應加SF6氣體，以增(zeng)加氣絕(jue)緣。
9、耐壓(ya)實驗前(qian)后(hou)應測量(liang)被試設備的絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)阻，檢查絕(jue)緣(yuan)情況。
10、當試驗變(bian)壓器長期(qi)不(bu)使用時，應放(fang)置于通風、干燥(zao)、無陽(yang)光直(zhi)射的地方。
11、該產品不(bu)允許在高于45℃的溫(wen)度(du)下長(chang)期(qi)存放(fang)、使用、放(fang)氣。
12、運輸搬運途中不得重力沖(chong)擊。
13、產品緊固件(jian)及壓力閥、壓力表不得擅自松動。
14、使用本(ben)產品做(zuo)高壓(ya)試驗時，出熟悉本(ben)說明(ming)書外，還(huan)必須嚴格執(zhi)行國家有(you)關標準和(he)操作(zuo)規(gui)程。可(ke)參照GB311-83《高壓(ya)輸變設備的絕緣(yuan)配合(he)，高壓(ya)試驗技術(shu)》；《電氣設備預防性試驗規(gui)程》等。
五、WBYD-100KVA/300KV工頻交流試驗變壓器容量選擇
標稱(cheng)試驗變壓器容量(liang)Pn的確定公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中：
Pn——標稱(cheng)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓器容(rong)量(kVA)
Vn——試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的額定輸出高壓(ya)(ya)的有效值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標稱電壓Vn≥1MV時(shi)，k=2；標稱電壓較低時(shi)，k值可取高一些。
Ct——被試品的電(dian)容量(pF)
ω——角頻率，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源的頻率
被試(shi)設備(bei)的(de)電容量Ct可由(you)交(jiao)流電橋(qiao)測出。Ct的(de)變化很大(da)，
可由設備(bei)的類(lei)型而定。
典型數據如下：
簡(jian)單(dan)的(de)棒式或(huo)懸式絕緣子 幾(ji)十微法
簡單(dan)的分級(ji)套管 100～1000pF
電(dian)壓互感器 ; 200 ～ 500pF
電(dian)力變壓(ya)器 < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高(gao)壓電(dian)力電(dian)纜和油浸紙(zhi)絕緣 250～300pF/m
氣(qi)體絕緣 ～60pF/m
封(feng)閉變電站，SF6氣體絕緣 100～10000Pf;
對于不同的試驗電壓Vn，選擇不同的(適當的)**系數k。
以下列出不同(tong)的(de)Vn所選(xuan)用的(de)k值供參考(kao)。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2