一、WBYD-100KVA/300KV交流耐壓機概述(shu)
YDQ系列(lie)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)是根據《試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)》標準(zhun)，在(zai)油(you)浸式試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上而設(she)計生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)體(ti)具有(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)性(xing)能及優異的(de)(de)(de)(de)滅弧(hu)性(xing)能，其耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強(qiang)度為同(tong)一壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)下氮氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍(bei)(bei)，擊(ji)穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍(bei)(bei)。在(zai)0.25MPa下與油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相等(deng)(deng)，在(zai)0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)下是油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)(bei)，是一種(zhong)優于(yu)(yu)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新一代(dai)超高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)介質(zhi)材料(liao)。該產(chan)(chan)品技術要求完全符合(he)《ZBK-41006-89》標準(zhun)，它是油(you)浸式輕型試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)換(huan)代(dai)產(chan)(chan)品。該產(chan)(chan)品具有(you)體(ti)積小、重量輕、不受氣(qi)候(hou)變(bian)化影響、電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈小、現場搬運無需(xu)靜止(zhi)可使用(yong)，使用(yong)壽命長、免維修等(deng)(deng)特點。適用(yong)于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統、工礦企(qi)業、科研部門等(deng)(deng)對各(ge)種(zhong)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備、電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)元件、絕緣(yuan)(yuan)材料(liao)進行工頻(pin)或(huo)直流(liu)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)強(qiang)度試(shi)驗(yan)。
二、WBYD-100KVA/300KV交流耐壓機產品結構
YDQ系列(lie)高壓(ya)試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器采用單框芯式鐵芯結(jie)(jie)構，初級繞組(zu)繞在鐵芯上(shang)，高壓(ya)繞組(zu)在外(wai)，這種同軸布置減少了(le)漏磁(ci)通，因而增(zeng)大了(le)繞組(zu)間的耦(ou)合。產品的外(wai)殼為圓柱灌式容器結(jie)(jie)構，能(neng)耐受0.8MPa以(yi)上(shang)壓(ya)力。其結(jie)(jie)構見(jian)圖(tu)1：
三、WBYD-100KVA/300KV交流耐壓機工作原理
YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)為單相變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)，聯結組標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用(yong)工頻220V(10kVA以上為380V)電源接入 (為本公司生產的試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)配套專用(yong)設備(bei)，詳(xiang)細資料請見其具體使(shi)用(yong)說明書)系列操(cao)作箱(xiang)(xiang)(臺(tai))，經(jing)操(cao)作箱(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)自(zi)偶調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(50kVA以上調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)外附)調(diao)節至(zhi)0～200V(或0～400V)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)輸出至(zhi)YDQ試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的初級繞組，根據電磁(ci)感應(ying)原理(li)，在試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞組可獲得試驗(yan)所需(xu)的高(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。
單(dan)臺YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器的工作原理圖(tu)見圖(tu)2。
單臺YDQ系列交直流高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的工(gong)作原理圖見(jian)圖3，圖中(zhong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)套管中(zhong)裝有(you)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)硅堆，串接(jie)在(zai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)回(hui)路(lu)中(zhong)作半波整(zheng)流，以獲得直流高(gao)(gao)(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。當(dang)用一短(duan)(duan)路(lu)桿將高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)硅堆短(duan)(duan)接(jie)時(shi)(shi)，可獲得工(gong)頻高(gao)(gao)(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，作為交流輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)狀態；取(qu)消短(duan)(duan)路(lu)桿時(shi)(shi)，作為直流輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)狀態。
試驗變壓(ya)器高(gao)壓(ya)套(tao)管中的(de)高(gao)壓(ya)硅(gui)堆未畫(hua)出，其原理與上圖(tu)相(xiang)同。
三臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)線原理(li)見圖4。串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優越性，因為整個(ge)(ge)(ge)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝置由幾(ji)臺(tai)單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組成，單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容量小(xiao)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)、重量輕，便于運(yun)輸和(he)安裝。它既(ji)然(ran)可(ke)(ke)串接(jie)成高出幾(ji)倍的(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)組合(he)使用(yong)，又可(ke)(ke)分開成幾(ji)套(tao)單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)(dan)獨使用(yong)。整套(tao)裝置投資小(xiao)，經濟實(shi)惠。圖5中，在(zai)(zai)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)每(mei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)元試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中都有一個(ge)(ge)(ge)勵(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)繞(rao)組A1、C1和(he)A2、C2。在(zai)(zai)三臺(tai)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原理(li)中，低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源加在(zai)(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組a1x1上(shang)，單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)都是V。勵(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)繞(rao)組A1、C1給(gei)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)勵(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)繞(rao)組A2、C2給(gei)第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)體分別處在(zai)(zai)對(dui)(dui)地為1V和(he)2V的(de)(de)(de)(de)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)位上(shang)，所以(yi)箱(xiang)體對(dui)(dui)地是絕緣的(de)(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)體是接(jie)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)(dui)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)(ding)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)分別為1V、2V、3V；其額(e)定(ding)(ding)容量分別為3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高(gao)壓試(shi)驗變壓器做被試(shi)品的工頻耐壓試(shi)驗使用接線原理(li)圖(tu)見(jian)圖(tu)5。
圖中：R1—限流電(dian)阻(zu) FRC—阻(zu)容分壓器 RF—球間隙(xi)保(bao)護電(dian)阻(zu) G—球間隙(xi) CX—被試(shi)品
注：高壓尾必須可靠接地
工頻耐(nai)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)中(zhong)限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)R1應(ying)根據試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器的額(e)定(ding)容量(liang)來(lai)選擇。如高壓(ya)側額(e)定(ding)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在100～300mA時，可取0.5～1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya))；高壓(ya)側額(e)定(ding)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為(wei)1A以上時，可取1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya))。常用(yong)水電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)作為(wei)限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，管子長度可按150kV/m考慮，管子粗細(xi)應(ying)具有足(zu)夠的熱容量(liang)(水阻(zu)(zu)液配制方法(fa)：用(yong)蒸餾(liu)水加(jia)入適量(liang)硫酸銅配制成各種不同的阻(zu)(zu)值)。
球(qiu)(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)及保(bao)護電(dian)阻(zu)：當電(dian)壓超過球(qiu)(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)整(zheng)定(ding)值時(一般取試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)壓的110%~120%)，球(qiu)(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)放電(dian)，對被試(shi)品起到保(bao)護作用。球(qiu)(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)保(bao)護電(dian)阻(zu)可按1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)壓)選取。
在工頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)中，低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya))不是非常準確的(de)，其原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)是由于試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器存在著(zhu)漏(lou)抗(kang)(kang)，在這個漏(lou)抗(kang)(kang)上(shang)(shang)必然存在著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降或容升(sheng)，使試(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)上(shang)(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)低于或高(gao)于低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)表上(shang)(shang)反映出(chu)來的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時，被試(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)上(shang)(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是所謂容升(sheng)現象。感(gan)應耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時，試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)漏(lou)抗(kang)(kang)必然存在著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為了(le)準確測(ce)量(liang)被試(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)上(shang)(shang)所施加(jia)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，因(yin)(yin)此常在高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側接(jie)入FRC阻(zu)容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器來測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工頻耐壓試驗操作注意(yi)事項
1）試驗人員(yuan)應做好分工，明確相互間聯(lian)系(xi)方(fang)法(fa)。并(bing)有專門人監護(hu)現場**及觀察試品狀態(tai)。
2）被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)應先清掃干(gan)凈，并(bing)**干(gan)燥，以免損壞被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)和試(shi)驗(yan)帶來(lai)的誤差。
3）對于(yu)大(da)型試(shi)驗，一(yi)般(ban)都應先(xian)進行(xing)空升試(shi)驗。即不(bu)接(jie)試(shi)品時升壓(ya)至試(shi)驗電壓(ya)，校(xiao)對各(ge)種表計，調整(zheng)球間隙。
4）升壓速度不能太快，并必須防止(zhi)突(tu)然加壓。例(li)如調壓器不在零(ling)位時突(tu)然合閘(zha)。也不能突(tu)然切斷電源，一般應在調壓器降至(zhi)零(ling)位時拉閘(zha)。
5）當電壓(ya)(ya)升(sheng)至試(shi)驗電壓(ya)(ya)時，開始計(ji)時，到(dao)(dao)1min后，迅速降壓(ya)(ya)到(dao)(dao)1/3試(shi)驗電壓(ya)(ya)以下(xia)時，才能拉開電源。
6）在升壓(ya)(ya)或耐壓(ya)(ya)試驗過程中，如(ru)發(fa)現(xian)下列(lie)不正常情況時，應立即降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)，切斷(duan)電(dian)源(yuan)。停止試驗并查(cha)明原因：①電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)表指針擺動很大(da)；②發(fa)現(xian)絕緣燒焦或冒煙(yan)；③被試品內(nei)有不正常的(de)聲音。
7）耐壓(ya)試驗前(qian)后應測量(liang)絕(jue)(jue)緣電阻，檢(jian)查絕(jue)(jue)緣情況(kuang)。
試驗變壓(ya)器在做被(bei)試品(pin)的(de)直流耐壓(ya)或泄露試驗時(shi)接線(xian)原理圖如圖6。
注：此(ci)試驗應先(xian)抽出短路桿(gan)“D”，圖6中所(suo)示。
圖中：VD—高(gao)壓(ya)硅(gui)堆(dui) R1—限流電阻 C1—高(gao)壓(ya)濾波電容 FRC—阻容分壓(ya)器 CX—被試品(pin) μA—帶保護微(wei)安(an)表
泄露試驗中限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)R1選(xuan)擇在額定輸(shu)出電(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)，輸(shu)出端短路電(dian)流(liu)不超過高壓(ya)硅堆(dui)的(de)*大整流(liu)。如(ru)電(dian)壓(ya)硅堆(dui)的(de)*大整流(liu)電(dian)流(liu)為(wei)100mA時(shi)用于60kV的(de)試驗裝置中，限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選(xuan)擇。限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)還應具有(you)足(zu)夠的(de)容量和(he)沿面放電(dian)距離(li)。
高壓濾波電容C1一般選擇在0.01~0.1μF，當被試品的電容量很大時(shi)，C1可省略不用。
泄露試驗的操作(zuo)及(ji)注(zhu)意事項(xiang)
1）試(shi)驗(yan)前(qian)應先檢查(cha)被試(shi)品是(shi)否(fou)停電，接地放(fang)電，一切對外連線是(shi)否(fou)擦(ca)干凈。要嚴(yan)防將(jiang)試(shi)驗(yan)電壓加(jia)到有(you)人工作(zuo)的部(bu)位上去。
2）接好試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)裝置的接線(xian)后(hou)，應復(fu)查(cha)無誤后(hou)才可加壓。應特別注(zhu)意檢查(cha)高壓設備及引(yin)線(xian)與(yu)(yu)地、與(yu)(yu)操作人員的**距離，被試(shi)品的外殼(ke)是否(fou)可靠接地，要(yao)按(an)**規程中所規定的內(nei)容(rong)進行(xing)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。
3）對(dui)于(yu)大電容量設備(bei)應(ying)緩(huan)慢(man)升壓，防止(zhi)被試(shi)品的充(chong)電電流燒壞(huai)微(wei)安表。必要時應(ying)分(fen)級加壓，分(fen)別(bie)讀取各級電壓下微(wei)安表的穩(wen)定讀數。
4）試驗過(guo)程中(zhong)，應(ying)密切監視被試品、試驗裝置(zhi)、微安(an)表，一旦發生(sheng)擊穿(chuan)、閃爍等異常現(xian)象應(ying)立即降(jiang)壓，切斷(duan)電源，并查明(ming)原因，詳(xiang)細記錄。
5）試(shi)驗完(wan)畢，降壓(ya)，切斷電源(yuan)后應(ying)將(jiang)被試(shi)品及試(shi)驗裝置本(ben)身(shen)充分放電。
四、WBYD-100KVA/300KV交流耐壓機注意事項
1、按照您所進行的(de)試驗(yan)(yan)接好工作線路。試驗(yan)(yan)變壓器(qi)的(de)外殼以及操作系統(tong)的(de)外殼必須可(ke)靠接地。試驗(yan)(yan)變壓器(qi)高壓繞組(zu)的(de)X端(duan)(高壓尾(wei))以及測量(liang)繞組(zu)的(de)F端(duan)必須可(ke)靠接地。
2、做串(chuan)級(ji)試驗(yan)時，**級(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞組的(de)(de)X端，測(ce)量繞組的(de)(de)F端以(yi)及高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞組的(de)(de)X端(高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)尾)均接(jie)本級(ji)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)外(wai)殼。**級(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)外(wai)殼必須通過絕(jue)緣支架(jia)接(jie)地。
3、接通電(dian)源(yuan)前，操(cao)作系統的調(diao)壓器(qi)必須調(diao)到零位后(hou)方(fang)可接通電(dian)源(yuan)，合閘，開始升(sheng)壓。
4、從零(ling)開始均勻旋轉調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器手輪升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方法(fa)有：快(kuai)速升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即20s逐(zhu)級升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；慢(man)速升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即60s逐(zhu)級升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；極慢(man)速升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)供(gong)選用。電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)從零(ling)開始按(an)一定(ding)(ding)的(de)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方式和速度(du)上升(sheng)(sheng)到您(nin)所需(xu)的(de)額定(ding)(ding)試(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)75%后，在以(yi)每秒2%額定(ding)(ding)試(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)速度(du)升(sheng)(sheng)到您(nin)所需(xu)的(de)額定(ding)(ding)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，并密切(qie)注(zhu)意測量(liang)儀表的(de)指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)以(yi)及被試(shi)品的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過程中或試(shi)驗(yan)過程中如發現(xian)測量(liang)儀表的(de)指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)及被試(shi)品情(qing)況(kuang)異(yi)常，應立(li)即降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，切(qie)斷電源，查明情(qing)況(kuang)。
5、試驗完畢后(hou)，應在(zai)數秒內勻速的將調壓器返回至零位，然后(hou)切斷電源。
6、本產品不得超過額定參數使(shi)用。除試(shi)驗必須外，決不允許全(quan)電(dian)壓通電(dian)或斷電(dian)。
7、再升壓或耐壓試(shi)驗過(guo)程中(zhong)，如發(fa)現以下(xia)不正常情(qing)況時，應立(li)即降壓，切斷電源，停(ting)止試(shi)驗并查明原因(yin)。
⑴電壓表指針擺動(dong)(或數字跳(tiao)動(dong))很大
⑵電流表直線(xian)上升
被試品內有不正常的聲音
8、圖1中第9項系壓(ya)力(li)閥(fa)及壓(ya)力(li)表(biao)，為長期關(guan)閉狀(zhuang)態。每(mei)6個月開(kai)閥(fa)一次，以(yi)檢查SF6壓(ya)力(li)，應不小(xiao)于0.2MPa(檢查壓(ya)力(li)后立即關(guan)閉閥(fa)門)，低于0.2MPa時應加SF6氣體，以(yi)增加氣絕緣。
9、耐壓實(shi)驗前(qian)后應(ying)測(ce)量(liang)被(bei)試設(she)備(bei)的絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電阻(zu)，檢查(cha)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)情況。
10、當試驗變壓器(qi)長期(qi)不(bu)使用時，應放置于通風、干(gan)燥、無陽光直(zhi)射(she)的地方。
11、該產品不允許在高(gao)于45℃的溫度下長(chang)期存放、使用、放氣。
12、運輸搬運途中(zhong)不得重力沖擊。
13、產品緊(jin)固件及壓力閥、壓力表不得擅自松(song)動。
14、使用本產品做(zuo)高(gao)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)時，出熟悉本說(shuo)明書外，還必須嚴格執行國家有關標準和操作規(gui)(gui)程。可參照GB311-83《高(gao)壓(ya)輸變設備的絕緣配合(he)，高(gao)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)技術》；《電氣設備預防性(xing)試(shi)驗(yan)規(gui)(gui)程》等(deng)。
五、WBYD-100KVA/300KV交流耐壓機容量選擇
標稱試(shi)驗變壓器容量Pn的(de)確定(ding)公(gong)式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式(shi)中(zhong)：
Pn——標稱試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器容量(liang)(kVA)
Vn——試驗(yan)變壓器(qi)的額定輸出高壓的有效(xiao)值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)壓Vn≥1MV時，k=2；標稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)壓較低時，k值可取高一(yi)些。
Ct——被試品的電(dian)容量(pF)
ω——角(jiao)頻(pin)率(lv)，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源的頻(pin)率(lv)
被(bei)試(shi)設(she)備的電(dian)容量Ct可由交(jiao)流電(dian)橋測出(chu)。Ct的變化很大(da)，
可由設備的(de)類(lei)型而定。
典型數據如下：
簡單的棒式或懸式絕緣子(zi) 幾(ji)十微法
簡單的分級套管(guan) 100～1000pF
電壓互感器(qi) ; 200 ～ 500pF
電力變壓(ya)器 < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高壓電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan)和油浸紙絕緣 250～300pF/m
氣體絕緣 ; ～60pF/m
封閉變電(dian)站，SF6氣體絕緣 100～10000Pf;
對于(yu)不同的(de)(de)試驗(yan)電壓Vn，選擇(ze)不同的(de)(de)(適當的(de)(de))**系數k。
以下列出不(bu)同(tong)的(de)Vn所(suo)選用的(de)k值供參考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2