一、WBYD-75KVA/150KV交直流耐壓發生器概述
YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)是(shi)根(gen)據《試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)》標準，在油浸式試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上而設(she)(she)計(ji)生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)(qi)體具(ju)有(you)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)絕緣(yuan)性能及(ji)優(you)異(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)滅弧性能，其(qi)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強度為同一壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)(xia)氮氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍，擊穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍。在0.25MPa下(xia)(xia)與油的(de)(de)(de)(de)擊穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相等(deng)，在0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)(xia)是(shi)油的(de)(de)(de)(de)擊穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍，是(shi)一種優(you)于油的(de)(de)(de)(de)新一代超高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)絕緣(yuan)介質材料。該(gai)產品(pin)技術要求完全符合《ZBK-41006-89》標準，它是(shi)油浸式輕(qing)型(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)換代產品(pin)。該(gai)產品(pin)具(ju)有(you)體積小、重量輕(qing)、不(bu)受(shou)氣(qi)(qi)候變(bian)化影(ying)響(xiang)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈小、現場搬運無需靜止可使(shi)用，使(shi)用壽命長、免(mian)維修等(deng)特點(dian)。適(shi)用于電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統、工(gong)礦企業、科(ke)研部門等(deng)對各種高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設(she)(she)備、電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)元件、絕緣(yuan)材料進行(xing)工(gong)頻(pin)或直流高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)強度試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。
二、WBYD-75KVA/150KV交直流耐壓發生器產品結構
YDQ系(xi)列高壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器采用單(dan)框芯式鐵(tie)芯結構，初級繞組繞在鐵(tie)芯上(shang)，高壓(ya)繞組在外(wai)，這種(zhong)同軸(zhou)布置(zhi)減少(shao)了(le)漏磁(ci)通(tong)，因而增大了(le)繞組間的(de)耦合。產品的(de)外(wai)殼(ke)為圓柱灌式容器結構，能耐受0.8MPa以上(shang)壓(ya)力。其結構見(jian)圖(tu)1：
三、WBYD-75KVA/150KV交直流耐壓發生器工作原理
YDQ系(xi)(xi)列高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)為單相變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，聯結組(zu)標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用工頻220V(10kVA以上為380V)電(dian)源接入 (為本公司生產的試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)配套專(zhuan)用設備(bei)，詳細資(zi)料請見其具體使用說明書(shu))系(xi)(xi)列操(cao)作(zuo)箱(xiang)(臺)，經(jing)操(cao)作(zuo)箱(xiang)內自偶(ou)調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(50kVA以上調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)外附(fu))調(diao)節至(zhi)0～200V(或0～400V)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)輸出(chu)至(zhi)YDQ試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的初級繞(rao)組(zu)，根(gen)據電(dian)磁感應原(yuan)理，在試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)可獲得試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)所需的高(gao)(gao)(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列高壓試驗變(bian)壓器(qi)的工作原理圖見圖2。
單(dan)臺(tai)YDQ系(xi)列交直流(liu)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器的工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)理(li)圖見圖3，圖中(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)套管中(zhong)(zhong)裝有(you)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)硅堆，串(chuan)接(jie)(jie)在高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)回路中(zhong)(zhong)作(zuo)(zuo)半波(bo)整流(liu)，以獲得直流(liu)高(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)。當用一短路桿將(jiang)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)硅堆短接(jie)(jie)時，可獲得工(gong)頻(pin)高(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)，作(zuo)(zuo)為交流(liu)輸(shu)出(chu)狀(zhuang)態；取消短路桿時，作(zuo)(zuo)為直流(liu)輸(shu)出(chu)狀(zhuang)態。
試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器高壓(ya)(ya)套(tao)管中的(de)高壓(ya)(ya)硅(gui)堆未畫出，其(qi)原理與上圖相同。
三臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更高(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)接線原理見(jian)圖4。串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)很(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)優越性，因(yin)為整(zheng)個試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)置由幾臺(tai)(tai)單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)，單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容量小、電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)、重量輕，便于運輸(shu)和(he)(he)安裝(zhuang)。它既然可串(chuan)接成(cheng)(cheng)高(gao)出(chu)幾倍(bei)的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)(zu)合使(shi)用，又(you)可分開成(cheng)(cheng)幾套單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)獨使(shi)用。整(zheng)套裝(zhuang)置投(tou)資小，經濟實惠。圖5中，在**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)每個單(dan)元試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中都有(you)一個勵磁繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1和(he)(he)A2、C2。在三臺(tai)(tai)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本(ben)原理中，低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)源加在試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)a1x1上，單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都是V。勵磁繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1給**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)勵磁繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)A2、C2給第(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)(he)第(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)箱體(ti)(ti)分別處(chu)在對地(di)為1V和(he)(he)2V的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)位上，所(suo)以箱體(ti)(ti)對地(di)是絕緣的(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)箱體(ti)(ti)是接地(di)的(de)(de)(de)。這樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對地(di)的(de)(de)(de)額定(ding)(ding)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分別為1V、2V、3V；其額定(ding)(ding)容量分別為3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系(xi)列高壓試(shi)驗變壓器(qi)做被試(shi)品(pin)的工頻耐壓試(shi)驗使(shi)用接線原理(li)圖見圖5。
圖中：R1—限(xian)流電阻(zu) FRC—阻(zu)容(rong)分壓器 RF—球(qiu)間隙保護(hu)電阻(zu) G—球(qiu)間隙 CX—被試品
注：高(gao)壓尾必須可(ke)靠(kao)接(jie)地
工頻耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)中限流電阻R1應根據試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)器的額(e)定(ding)容量來(lai)選擇。如(ru)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)側(ce)額(e)定(ding)輸出電流在100～300mA時，可(ke)取(qu)0.5～1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya))；高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)側(ce)額(e)定(ding)輸出電流為1A以上時，可(ke)取(qu)1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya))。常用水電阻作為限流電阻，管子(zi)長度可(ke)按(an)150kV/m考慮(lv)，管子(zi)粗細應具有足夠的熱(re)容量(水阻液(ye)配制方(fang)法：用蒸餾水加入適量硫酸(suan)銅配制成各(ge)種(zhong)不同的阻值)。
球(qiu)(qiu)間隙(xi)(xi)及保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)阻：當(dang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)超過(guo)球(qiu)(qiu)間隙(xi)(xi)整定(ding)值時(一(yi)般取試驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的110%~120%)，球(qiu)(qiu)間隙(xi)(xi)放電(dian)(dian)，對被(bei)試品起到保(bao)護作(zuo)用。球(qiu)(qiu)間隙(xi)(xi)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)阻可(ke)按1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya))選取。
在(zai)(zai)(zai)工頻(pin)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)中(zhong)，低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是非(fei)常(chang)準(zhun)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)，其原因(yin)是由于試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)著(zhu)漏抗(kang)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)這個漏抗(kang)上(shang)必(bi)然存在(zai)(zai)(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降或容(rong)升，使試(shi)品上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)于或高(gao)于低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表上(shang)反映出(chu)(chu)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻(pin)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)時，被試(shi)品上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是所謂(wei)容(rong)升現象(xiang)。感應耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)時，試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)漏抗(kang)必(bi)然存在(zai)(zai)(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為(wei)了準(zhun)確(que)測量被試(shi)品上(shang)所施(shi)加的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因(yin)此常(chang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側接(jie)入FRC阻容(rong)分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)來(lai)測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工頻(pin)耐(nai)壓試驗操作注意事項
1）試驗人(ren)員應做好分(fen)工，明確相互(hu)間聯系(xi)方(fang)法。并(bing)有專(zhuan)門人(ren)監護現場**及觀察試品狀(zhuang)態。
2）被試品應(ying)先清掃干(gan)(gan)凈，并**干(gan)(gan)燥，以免損壞被試品和試驗帶來的誤差。
3）對(dui)于大型(xing)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)，一(yi)般都應(ying)先進行空(kong)升試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。即不接試(shi)(shi)品時升壓(ya)至試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya)，校對(dui)各(ge)種表(biao)計，調整球間隙。
4）升壓(ya)速度不能太快(kuai)，并(bing)必須防止突(tu)然(ran)加壓(ya)。例如調壓(ya)器(qi)不在零位時突(tu)然(ran)合閘。也不能突(tu)然(ran)切斷電源，一(yi)般(ban)應在調壓(ya)器(qi)降至零位時拉(la)閘。
5）當電壓(ya)升至試驗(yan)電壓(ya)時，開始計時，到(dao)1min后(hou)，迅速降壓(ya)到(dao)1/3試驗(yan)電壓(ya)以下時，才(cai)能拉開電源。
6）在升壓(ya)(ya)或耐壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗過(guo)程中，如發現(xian)(xian)下列不(bu)正(zheng)常情況時，應立即降壓(ya)(ya)，切斷電源。停止試(shi)驗并查明原因(yin)：①電壓(ya)(ya)表指針擺動很(hen)大；②發現(xian)(xian)絕緣燒(shao)焦或冒煙；③被試(shi)品(pin)內(nei)有不(bu)正(zheng)常的聲音。
7）耐壓試驗(yan)前(qian)后應測量絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)阻，檢(jian)查絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)情(qing)況。
試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器在做(zuo)被試品的直流耐壓(ya)或(huo)泄露試驗(yan)時接(jie)線原(yuan)理圖(tu)(tu)如圖(tu)(tu)6。
注：此試驗應先抽出短路(lu)桿(gan)“D”，圖(tu)6中所示。
圖中(zhong)：VD—高壓(ya)硅堆 R1—限(xian)流(liu)電阻 C1—高壓(ya)濾(lv)波(bo)電容 FRC—阻容分(fen)壓(ya)器 CX—被試(shi)品 μA—帶保護微安表
泄露試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)中限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)R1選擇在額(e)定輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)壓時(shi)，輸出(chu)(chu)端短路電(dian)流(liu)不超過(guo)高(gao)壓硅堆(dui)的(de)*大(da)整(zheng)流(liu)。如(ru)電(dian)壓硅堆(dui)的(de)*大(da)整(zheng)流(liu)電(dian)流(liu)為100mA時(shi)用(yong)于60kV的(de)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)裝(zhuang)置中，限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇。限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)還應具有足夠的(de)容量和沿面放(fang)電(dian)距離。
高壓濾波電容(rong)C1一般選擇在0.01~0.1μF，當被試品的電容(rong)量很大時，C1可省略不用。
泄露試驗的(de)操作及注(zhu)意事項
1）試驗(yan)前(qian)應先檢查被試品是否停電(dian)，接(jie)地放電(dian)，一切(qie)對外連線是否擦干(gan)凈。要嚴(yan)防(fang)將(jiang)試驗(yan)電(dian)壓加到有(you)人(ren)工作的(de)部位上去(qu)。
2）接(jie)好(hao)試驗裝置(zhi)的接(jie)線(xian)后，應復查無誤后才(cai)可加(jia)壓。應特別注意檢查高壓設(she)備及引線(xian)與(yu)地、與(yu)操作人員的**距(ju)離，被(bei)試品的外(wai)殼是否可靠接(jie)地，要按**規程(cheng)中(zhong)所規定的內(nei)容進(jin)行試驗。
3）對(dui)于大電(dian)容(rong)量(liang)設(she)備應緩慢升(sheng)壓，防止(zhi)被試品的充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)燒壞(huai)微安(an)表(biao)。必要時應分級(ji)加壓，分別讀(du)取各級(ji)電(dian)壓下微安(an)表(biao)的穩定讀(du)數。
4）試驗過程中，應(ying)密(mi)切監視被試品、試驗裝置、微安表(biao)，一旦發生擊穿、閃爍(shuo)等(deng)異常現象應(ying)立即降壓，切斷電源，并(bing)查明原因，詳細記錄。
5）試驗完畢，降壓，切斷(duan)電(dian)源后應將被試品及試驗裝置(zhi)本身(shen)充分放(fang)電(dian)。
四、WBYD-75KVA/150KV交直流耐壓發生器注意事項
1、按照您所進行的試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)接(jie)好工作(zuo)線(xian)路(lu)。試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)的外(wai)殼以(yi)(yi)及操作(zuo)系統(tong)的外(wai)殼必(bi)須可靠接(jie)地。試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)高壓(ya)繞組的X端(高壓(ya)尾)以(yi)(yi)及測(ce)量繞組的F端必(bi)須可靠接(jie)地。
2、做串級(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時，**級(ji)、第三級(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓器(qi)的(de)低壓繞(rao)組的(de)X端，測(ce)量繞(rao)組的(de)F端以及高壓繞(rao)組的(de)X端(高壓尾)均接(jie)本級(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓器(qi)的(de)外(wai)殼(ke)。**級(ji)、第三級(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓器(qi)的(de)外(wai)殼(ke)必須通過絕緣(yuan)支架接(jie)地。
3、接通(tong)電(dian)源前，操作系統的調壓器必須調到零位后方可接通(tong)電(dian)源，合閘，開(kai)始(shi)升壓。
4、從(cong)零開始均勻旋轉調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器手輪(lun)升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)有(you)：快速(su)(su)升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即(ji)20s逐級(ji)升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；慢速(su)(su)升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即(ji)60s逐級(ji)升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；極(ji)慢速(su)(su)升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)供選(xuan)用。電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)從(cong)零開始按一定(ding)的(de)升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)(fang)式和速(su)(su)度上升到您(nin)所需的(de)額定(ding)試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)75%后，在以(yi)每秒2%額定(ding)試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)速(su)(su)度升到您(nin)所需的(de)額定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，并(bing)密切注意測量(liang)儀(yi)表的(de)指(zhi)示以(yi)及(ji)被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)的(de)情況(kuang)。升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過程(cheng)中或(huo)試(shi)驗過程(cheng)中如發現測量(liang)儀(yi)表的(de)指(zhi)示及(ji)被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)情況(kuang)異常，應立即(ji)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，切斷電(dian)源，查明情況(kuang)。
5、試驗完畢后，應在(zai)數秒內勻速(su)的將調壓器返回(hui)至零(ling)位(wei)，然后切斷電源。
6、本產品不得超過額定參數使用。除試驗必須(xu)外，決(jue)不允許(xu)全電(dian)壓通電(dian)或斷電(dian)。
7、再升壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試驗過(guo)程中，如發現以下不正常(chang)情況時，應立即降壓(ya)，切斷電源，停止(zhi)試驗并查明(ming)原因。
⑴電壓表指針擺動(或數字跳動)很大(da)
⑵電(dian)流表(biao)直線上升
被試品(pin)內有(you)不(bu)正(zheng)常(chang)的(de)聲音
8、圖1中第9項系壓力閥(fa)及壓力表，為長(chang)期(qi)關閉狀態。每6個月(yue)開閥(fa)一次，以檢查SF6壓力，應不小于(yu)(yu)0.2MPa(檢查壓力后(hou)立(li)即關閉閥(fa)門)，低(di)于(yu)(yu)0.2MPa時應加SF6氣體，以增加氣絕緣。
9、耐壓(ya)實驗前后應測量被試設備的絕緣電阻，檢查絕緣情況。
10、當試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器(qi)長期(qi)不(bu)使(shi)用時(shi)，應放置于通風、干燥(zao)、無(wu)陽光直射(she)的地方。
11、該產品(pin)不允許在(zai)高于45℃的(de)溫(wen)度下長期存(cun)放、使用、放氣。
12、運(yun)(yun)輸搬運(yun)(yun)途(tu)中不得重力沖(chong)擊。
13、產品緊固(gu)件及壓力閥、壓力表不得擅自松動。
14、使用本產品做高(gao)(gao)壓試(shi)驗時，出熟悉本說明(ming)書外，還必須(xu)嚴格執行國家有關標(biao)準和操作規程。可(ke)參(can)照GB311-83《高(gao)(gao)壓輸變設備(bei)的絕緣(yuan)配合，高(gao)(gao)壓試(shi)驗技術》；《電(dian)氣設備(bei)預防性(xing)試(shi)驗規程》等。
五、WBYD-75KVA/150KV交直流耐壓發生器容量選擇
標稱試驗變壓器(qi)容量Pn的確(que)定公式(shi)：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中(zhong)：
Pn——標稱試驗(yan)變壓器容量(liang)(kVA)
Vn——試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)額(e)定(ding)輸出高壓(ya)的(de)有(you)效(xiao)值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標(biao)(biao)稱電(dian)壓Vn≥1MV時(shi)，k=2；標(biao)(biao)稱電(dian)壓較低時(shi)，k值可取高一些。
Ct——被試品(pin)的電容量(pF)
ω——角頻(pin)(pin)率，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源的頻(pin)(pin)率
被試設備的電容量(liang)Ct可由交流電橋測出。Ct的變化(hua)很大，
可(ke)由設備的類(lei)型(xing)而定。
典型數據如下：
簡單的棒式或懸(xuan)式絕緣子 幾十微(wei)法
簡單(dan)的分級套(tao)管 100～1000pF
電壓互感器 200 ～ 500pF
電力變(bian)壓器(qi) < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高(gao)壓電力(li)電纜和油浸紙絕(jue)緣 250～300pF/m
氣體絕緣 ～60pF/m
封(feng)閉變電站(zhan)，SF6氣體絕緣 100～10000Pf;
對于不同(tong)的試驗(yan)電壓Vn，選擇不同(tong)的(適當的)**系數k。
以下(xia)列出不同的Vn所(suo)選用的k值供參考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2