一、WBYD-75KVA/150KV高壓成套試驗變壓器概述
YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器是(shi)(shi)根據《試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器》標準，在(zai)(zai)油(you)(you)浸(jin)(jin)式(shi)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的基(ji)礎上而設(she)(she)計(ji)生(sheng)產的。SF6氣(qi)(qi)體具有良好(hao)的電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)絕(jue)緣性能及優異(yi)的滅弧性能，其耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強度為同一(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)氮(dan)氣(qi)(qi)的2.5倍(bei)，擊穿(chuan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的空氣(qi)(qi)的2.5倍(bei)。在(zai)(zai)0.25MPa下(xia)與油(you)(you)的擊穿(chuan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相等(deng)(deng)，在(zai)(zai)0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)是(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)的擊穿(chuan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的2倍(bei)，是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)優于(yu)油(you)(you)的新一(yi)代超高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)絕(jue)緣介(jie)質材料(liao)。該(gai)產品(pin)技(ji)術要求完(wan)全符合《ZBK-41006-89》標準，它是(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)浸(jin)(jin)式(shi)輕型(xing)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的換代產品(pin)。該(gai)產品(pin)具有體積小、重量輕、不受氣(qi)(qi)候變(bian)(bian)(bian)化影響、電(dian)暈(yun)小、現場搬(ban)運無(wu)需靜止可使用(yong)，使用(yong)壽命長(chang)、免維修等(deng)(deng)特點。適用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)力系統、工(gong)礦企業(ye)、科研(yan)部門(men)等(deng)(deng)對(dui)各種(zhong)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設(she)(she)備、電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)元件、絕(jue)緣材料(liao)進(jin)行工(gong)頻或直流高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)的絕(jue)緣強度試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)。
二、WBYD-75KVA/150KV高壓成套試驗變壓器產品結構
YDQ系列高壓試驗變壓器采用單框芯式鐵芯結構(gou)，初(chu)級繞(rao)組繞(rao)在鐵芯上，高壓繞(rao)組在外(wai)，這種同(tong)軸布置減(jian)少了漏磁通，因而增大了繞(rao)組間的耦合(he)。產品的外(wai)殼為圓柱灌式容器結構(gou)，能耐受0.8MPa以(yi)上壓力。其(qi)結構(gou)見圖1：
三、WBYD-75KVA/150KV高壓成套試驗變壓器工作原理
YDQ系(xi)列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)為單相(xiang)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)，聯結組標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用工(gong)頻(pin)220V(10kVA以(yi)上為380V)電(dian)(dian)源接(jie)入(ru) (為本公司生產(chan)的(de)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)配套專(zhuan)用設備，詳細資料(liao)請見其具體使用說明(ming)書)系(xi)列操(cao)作箱(臺)，經操(cao)作箱內自偶調壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(50kVA以(yi)上調壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)外附)調節至0～200V(或0～400V)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)輸出至YDQ試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)初級繞(rao)組，根據(ju)電(dian)(dian)磁感應原理，在試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組可獲得試驗(yan)所需的(de)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。
單臺YDQ系(xi)列高壓試驗變壓器(qi)的工作原理圖見(jian)圖2。
單臺YDQ系(xi)列交直流(liu)(liu)高壓(ya)(ya)試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的工作原理圖見圖3，圖中高壓(ya)(ya)套管中裝有高壓(ya)(ya)硅堆(dui)，串(chuan)接在高壓(ya)(ya)回路(lu)(lu)(lu)中作半波整流(liu)(liu)，以獲(huo)得直流(liu)(liu)高電壓(ya)(ya)。當用一短路(lu)(lu)(lu)桿將高壓(ya)(ya)硅堆(dui)短接時，可(ke)獲(huo)得工頻高電壓(ya)(ya)，作為交流(liu)(liu)輸出狀態(tai)(tai)；取消短路(lu)(lu)(lu)桿時，作為直流(liu)(liu)輸出狀態(tai)(tai)。
試驗變壓器高壓套管中(zhong)的高壓硅堆未畫出(chu)，其原(yuan)理(li)與上圖相同。
三(san)(san)(san)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)接線原(yuan)理(li)見(jian)圖(tu)4。串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有很大的(de)(de)(de)優(you)越性，因為(wei)整個試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝置(zhi)由幾臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組成(cheng)，單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容量小(xiao)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重(zhong)量輕，便于運輸(shu)(shu)和(he)安裝。它既然可串接成(cheng)高出(chu)(chu)幾倍(bei)的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組合使(shi)用，又(you)可分開成(cheng)幾套單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)獨(du)使(shi)用。整套裝置(zhi)投資小(xiao)，經濟實惠。圖(tu)5中(zhong)(zhong)，在**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)每個單(dan)元(yuan)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)有一個勵磁(ci)繞(rao)組A1、C1和(he)A2、C2。在三(san)(san)(san)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原(yuan)理(li)中(zhong)(zhong)，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源加在試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組a1x1上，單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都(dou)是V。勵磁(ci)繞(rao)組A1、C1給(gei)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)勵磁(ci)繞(rao)組A2、C2給(gei)第(di)三(san)(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)第(di)三(san)(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)箱體分別(bie)(bie)(bie)處在對(dui)地(di)(di)為(wei)1V和(he)2V的(de)(de)(de)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)上，所以箱體對(dui)地(di)(di)是絕緣的(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)箱體是接地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)。這樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)三(san)(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)額定(ding)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分別(bie)(bie)(bie)為(wei)1V、2V、3V；其額定(ding)容量分別(bie)(bie)(bie)為(wei)3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器做被試品的工頻(pin)耐(nai)壓(ya)試驗(yan)使用接線原理圖見(jian)圖5。
圖中：R1—限流電(dian)阻 FRC—阻容分壓(ya)器(qi) RF—球(qiu)間(jian)隙保(bao)護電(dian)阻 G—球(qiu)間(jian)隙 CX—被試(shi)品
注：高壓尾必須可靠接地
工頻耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中限流電(dian)阻(zu)R1應根據試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器的額(e)(e)定容量來(lai)選(xuan)擇。如高(gao)壓(ya)側額(e)(e)定輸出(chu)電(dian)流在100～300mA時(shi)，可(ke)取(qu)0.5～1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)壓(ya))；高(gao)壓(ya)側額(e)(e)定輸出(chu)電(dian)流為1A以(yi)上時(shi)，可(ke)取(qu)1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)壓(ya))。常用水電(dian)阻(zu)作為限流電(dian)阻(zu)，管子長度可(ke)按(an)150kV/m考慮，管子粗細應具有(you)足夠的熱容量(水阻(zu)液配制(zhi)方法：用蒸餾水加入適(shi)量硫(liu)酸(suan)銅配制(zhi)成各種不同的阻(zu)值)。
球間隙(xi)及保護電(dian)阻(zu)：當電(dian)壓(ya)超過(guo)球間隙(xi)整(zheng)定(ding)值時(一般取(qu)試驗電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)110%~120%)，球間隙(xi)放電(dian)，對被試品起到保護作用。球間隙(xi)保護電(dian)阻(zu)可按1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)壓(ya))選取(qu)。
在(zai)工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中，低(di)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是非常(chang)準確的，其原因是由于(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)存在(zai)著(zhu)漏(lou)抗(kang)，在(zai)這個漏(lou)抗(kang)上(shang)(shang)必然存在(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降或容(rong)升(sheng)，使試(shi)(shi)(shi)品上(shang)(shang)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)于(yu)(yu)或高(gao)于(yu)(yu)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)(biao)上(shang)(shang)反映出(chu)來(lai)(lai)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時，被試(shi)(shi)(shi)品上(shang)(shang)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是所(suo)謂(wei)容(rong)升(sheng)現象(xiang)。感(gan)應耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時，試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的漏(lou)抗(kang)必然存在(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為了準確測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)被試(shi)(shi)(shi)品上(shang)(shang)所(suo)施加的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此(ci)常(chang)在(zai)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)接入FRC阻容(rong)分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工頻耐壓試驗(yan)操(cao)作(zuo)注意(yi)事項(xiang)
1）試驗人員應做好分工，明確相互間(jian)聯系方(fang)法。并有專(zhuan)門人監護現場(chang)**及觀察試品狀態。
2）被試(shi)(shi)品應先(xian)清掃干凈，并**干燥，以免損壞被試(shi)(shi)品和試(shi)(shi)驗帶來(lai)的誤(wu)差(cha)。
3）對于大型試(shi)驗，一(yi)般都應先(xian)進行空(kong)升試(shi)驗。即不接試(shi)品時升壓至試(shi)驗電壓，校對各種表計，調整球間隙。
4）升(sheng)壓(ya)速(su)度(du)不(bu)能(neng)太(tai)快，并必須防止突然加壓(ya)。例如調壓(ya)器(qi)不(bu)在(zai)零(ling)位(wei)時突然合閘。也不(bu)能(neng)突然切斷電源，一般應(ying)在(zai)調壓(ya)器(qi)降至(zhi)零(ling)位(wei)時拉閘。
5）當電壓(ya)升至試驗(yan)電壓(ya)時，開始(shi)計時，到1min后(hou)，迅速降壓(ya)到1/3試驗(yan)電壓(ya)以下時，才能(neng)拉開電源。
6）在升(sheng)壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗過程中，如發(fa)(fa)現(xian)下列不正常(chang)情況時，應立(li)即降壓(ya)，切斷電(dian)源(yuan)。停止試(shi)驗并查明原因：①電(dian)壓(ya)表指針擺(bai)動(dong)很(hen)大；②發(fa)(fa)現(xian)絕緣(yuan)燒焦或冒煙；③被試(shi)品內有(you)不正常(chang)的聲(sheng)音。
7）耐壓試(shi)驗前后應測量絕緣電阻，檢查絕緣情況。
試驗(yan)變壓器在做被試品的直(zhi)流耐壓或泄露試驗(yan)時接線(xian)原理(li)圖如圖6。
注：此(ci)試驗應先(xian)抽(chou)出短路桿“D”，圖(tu)6中所示。
圖中：VD—高(gao)壓硅堆 R1—限流電阻 C1—高(gao)壓濾波電容 FRC—阻容分壓器 CX—被試品 μA—帶保(bao)護微安(an)表
泄露試(shi)驗中限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)R1選擇在額定輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)壓時，輸出(chu)(chu)端短路電(dian)流(liu)不超(chao)過高壓硅堆(dui)(dui)的(de)*大整(zheng)流(liu)。如電(dian)壓硅堆(dui)(dui)的(de)*大整(zheng)流(liu)電(dian)流(liu)為100mA時用于60kV的(de)試(shi)驗裝置中，限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)按(an)R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇。限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)還應(ying)具有足夠的(de)容量(liang)和沿面放(fang)電(dian)距離。
高(gao)壓濾波(bo)電容C1一般(ban)選擇在(zai)0.01~0.1μF，當被試品(pin)的電容量很大(da)時，C1可省略不用(yong)。
泄露試(shi)驗(yan)的操作及注意事項
1）試(shi)驗(yan)前應先(xian)檢查被試(shi)品是(shi)否(fou)停電，接地放(fang)電，一切(qie)對外連線是(shi)否(fou)擦干凈。要嚴防將試(shi)驗(yan)電壓加到有(you)人工作的(de)部(bu)位上(shang)去(qu)。
2）接(jie)好試(shi)驗裝(zhuang)置的(de)接(jie)線后(hou)，應復(fu)查(cha)無誤后(hou)才可加(jia)壓。應特別注意檢查(cha)高壓設備及引線與地、與操作人員的(de)**距(ju)離，被(bei)試(shi)品的(de)外殼是否可靠接(jie)地，要按**規程中所規定的(de)內容進行試(shi)驗。
3）對于大電(dian)容量設備應緩慢升壓，防(fang)止被(bei)試(shi)品的充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流燒壞微安(an)表。必要時應分級加(jia)壓，分別(bie)讀(du)取各級電(dian)壓下微安(an)表的穩定讀(du)數(shu)。
4）試(shi)驗過程中(zhong)，應密切(qie)監視被試(shi)品、試(shi)驗裝置、微安(an)表，一旦(dan)發生擊穿(chuan)、閃爍等異常現象應立即(ji)降壓，切(qie)斷電源，并查明(ming)原(yuan)因，詳(xiang)細記錄。
5）試驗(yan)完畢，降壓，切斷電(dian)源后應將被試品及(ji)試驗(yan)裝置本身充分放電(dian)。
四、WBYD-75KVA/150KV高壓成套試驗變壓器注意事項
1、按(an)照您所進行的(de)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)接(jie)好工作(zuo)線路。試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓器的(de)外殼以及(ji)操作(zuo)系統的(de)外殼必須(xu)可靠(kao)接(jie)地。試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓器高壓繞組的(de)X端(高壓尾)以及(ji)測量繞組的(de)F端必須(xu)可靠(kao)接(jie)地。
2、做串級試(shi)驗時，**級、第三(san)級試(shi)驗變(bian)壓器(qi)的低壓繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)的X端(duan)，測量(liang)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)的F端(duan)以及高壓繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)的X端(duan)(高壓尾)均(jun)接(jie)本(ben)級試(shi)驗變(bian)壓器(qi)的外(wai)殼。**級、第三(san)級試(shi)驗變(bian)壓器(qi)的外(wai)殼必須通過(guo)絕緣支架接(jie)地(di)。
3、接通電(dian)源前，操(cao)作系統的(de)調壓器必須調到零位后方可(ke)接通電(dian)源，合(he)閘，開始升壓。
4、從(cong)零(ling)開始均勻旋轉(zhuan)調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器手(shou)輪升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)法(fa)有：快速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即(ji)20s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；慢(man)速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即(ji)60s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；極(ji)慢(man)速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)供選(xuan)用。電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)從(cong)零(ling)開始按一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)式(shi)和速(su)度上升(sheng)(sheng)到您所需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)(ding)試驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)75%后，在以每(mei)秒2%額(e)定(ding)(ding)試驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)速(su)度升(sheng)(sheng)到您所需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，并密切(qie)注(zhu)意測(ce)量(liang)儀(yi)表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)指示以及被試品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)情況。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)或(huo)試驗過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)如發現測(ce)量(liang)儀(yi)表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)指示及被試品(pin)情況異常，應(ying)立即(ji)降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，切(qie)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源，查明情況。
5、試(shi)驗完畢后(hou)(hou)，應在數(shu)秒內(nei)勻速的將調壓器返回至零位，然后(hou)(hou)切斷電源。
6、本產品不(bu)得(de)超過額定參數使用(yong)。除試驗必須外，決不(bu)允許(xu)全電(dian)壓通電(dian)或斷(duan)電(dian)。
7、再升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)或耐壓(ya)(ya)試驗過(guo)程中，如(ru)發(fa)現(xian)以下不正常情況時，應立即降壓(ya)(ya)，切斷電源(yuan)，停(ting)止試驗并查明原因(yin)。
⑴電壓表(biao)指(zhi)針擺動(或數字跳動)很大
⑵電流表(biao)直(zhi)線(xian)上升
被試品內有不正常(chang)的聲音(yin)
8、圖1中第9項(xiang)系壓(ya)力閥(fa)及壓(ya)力表，為長期(qi)關(guan)閉狀(zhuang)態。每(mei)6個(ge)月(yue)開閥(fa)一(yi)次，以(yi)檢(jian)查SF6壓(ya)力，應(ying)不小于(yu)(yu)0.2MPa(檢(jian)查壓(ya)力后(hou)立(li)即關(guan)閉閥(fa)門)，低(di)于(yu)(yu)0.2MPa時應(ying)加SF6氣體(ti)，以(yi)增(zeng)加氣絕緣(yuan)。
9、耐(nai)壓實驗前后應測量(liang)被試設備的絕緣(yuan)電阻，檢(jian)查(cha)絕緣(yuan)情況。
10、當試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)長(chang)期不使用時，應放置于通風、干燥、無(wu)陽光直射的(de)地方。
11、該產品(pin)不允(yun)許在高于(yu)45℃的溫度下長(chang)期存(cun)放、使用(yong)、放氣。
12、運(yun)輸搬運(yun)途中不得重力沖(chong)擊。
13、產品緊固件及壓力閥、壓力表不得擅自(zi)松動。
14、使用本產品做高壓試(shi)驗時(shi)，出熟悉(xi)本說明書外，還必須(xu)嚴(yan)格(ge)執行國(guo)家有(you)關(guan)標(biao)準和操作規(gui)程。可(ke)參照GB311-83《高壓輸變設(she)備的(de)絕緣配合，高壓試(shi)驗技術(shu)》；《電氣設(she)備預防性試(shi)驗規(gui)程》等。
五、WBYD-75KVA/150KV高壓成套試驗變壓器容量選擇
標稱試驗變壓器容量Pn的(de)確定公式(shi)：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中：
Pn——標稱試驗變壓器容量(kVA)
Vn——試驗變壓(ya)器的額定輸出高壓(ya)的有效值(kV)
k ——**系(xi)數。k≥1，標(biao)稱(cheng)電(dian)壓Vn≥1MV時，k=2；標(biao)稱(cheng)電(dian)壓較(jiao)低(di)時，k值可取(qu)高一些。
Ct——被試(shi)品的電(dian)容量(pF)
ω——角頻率，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源的頻率
被試設備的(de)電容量Ct可(ke)由交流電橋測出(chu)。Ct的(de)變化很大(da)，
可(ke)由設備的類型而定。
典型數據如下：
簡(jian)單的棒式或懸式絕緣子 幾十微法
簡(jian)單的分級套管 100～1000pF
電壓互感器(qi) ; 200 ～ 500pF
電(dian)力變(bian)壓(ya)器 < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高壓電力(li)電纜和油(you)浸紙絕緣 250～300pF/m
氣(qi)體絕緣(yuan) ～60pF/m
封閉變電站，SF6氣體絕緣(yuan) 100～10000Pf;
對于不(bu)同的試驗電壓(ya)Vn，選(xuan)擇不(bu)同的(適當的)**系(xi)數k。
以下列出不同(tong)的Vn所選用(yong)的k值供(gong)參考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2