一(yi)、WBYD-75KVA/150KV交流耐壓變壓器概述
YDQ系列高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器是(shi)根據(ju)《試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器》標準，在(zai)油(you)(you)浸(jin)式(shi)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)基礎(chu)上而設計生產的(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)具有良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)性(xing)能及優異的(de)(de)滅弧性(xing)能，其耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)強度為同(tong)一壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)下(xia)氮氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)2.5倍，擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)2.5倍。在(zai)0.25MPa下(xia)與(yu)油(you)(you)的(de)(de)擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)相等，在(zai)0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)下(xia)是(shi)油(you)(you)的(de)(de)擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)2倍，是(shi)一種優于(yu)油(you)(you)的(de)(de)新一代超高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)絕(jue)緣(yuan)介(jie)質材料。該產品(pin)技術要(yao)求(qiu)完(wan)全符合(he)《ZBK-41006-89》標準，它是(shi)油(you)(you)浸(jin)式(shi)輕型試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)換(huan)代產品(pin)。該產品(pin)具有體(ti)積小、重量輕、不受氣(qi)(qi)候變(bian)化影響、電(dian)(dian)暈小、現場搬運無需靜止可使用(yong)(yong)，使用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)長、免維修(xiu)等特點(dian)。適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統、工礦(kuang)企業、科研(yan)部門(men)等對各種高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設備、電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)元件(jian)、絕(jue)緣(yuan)材料進行工頻或直流高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)的(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)強度試(shi)驗(yan)。
二、WBYD-75KVA/150KV交流耐壓變壓器產品結構
YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器采用單(dan)框(kuang)芯(xin)式(shi)(shi)鐵芯(xin)結構(gou)，初(chu)級繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)繞(rao)在(zai)鐵芯(xin)上，高壓(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)在(zai)外(wai)，這種同軸布置減少了(le)漏磁通，因而增大了(le)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)間的耦合(he)。產品的外(wai)殼為圓柱灌式(shi)(shi)容(rong)器結構(gou)，能(neng)耐受0.8MPa以上壓(ya)力。其結構(gou)見圖1：
三、WBYD-75KVA/150KV交流耐壓變壓器工作原理
YDQ系(xi)列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器為(wei)單相(xiang)變壓(ya)(ya)器，聯結組(zu)(zu)標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用工頻220V(10kVA以上為(wei)380V)電源接(jie)入 (為(wei)本公司生(sheng)產(chan)的試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器配套專用設備，詳(xiang)細資料(liao)請見其具體使用說明書)系(xi)列操作箱(臺)，經操作箱內自偶調壓(ya)(ya)器(50kVA以上調壓(ya)(ya)器外附(fu))調節(jie)至0～200V(或0～400V)電壓(ya)(ya)輸出至YDQ試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器的初級繞組(zu)(zu)，根據電磁感應原(yuan)理，在試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)繞組(zu)(zu)可獲(huo)得試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)所(suo)需(xu)的高(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列(lie)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)工作(zuo)原理圖見圖2。
單臺YDQ系列交直流高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓試驗變壓器的工作原理圖見(jian)圖3，圖中高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓套管中裝有高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓硅堆，串接在高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓回路中作半波整流，以獲得(de)直流高(gao)(gao)(gao)電壓。當用(yong)一短路桿將高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓硅堆短接時，可獲得(de)工頻高(gao)(gao)(gao)電壓，作為(wei)交流輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)狀態；取消短路桿時，作為(wei)直流輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)狀態。
試驗變壓器高壓套管(guan)中的高壓硅堆(dui)未(wei)畫出(chu)，其(qi)原理與上圖相同。
三(san)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)接(jie)線原理見圖4。串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有很大的(de)優越性，因為整(zheng)個試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)裝置(zhi)由幾(ji)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)，單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)小、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)、重量(liang)(liang)輕，便于運輸和(he)安裝。它既(ji)然可串接(jie)成(cheng)(cheng)高出(chu)幾(ji)倍的(de)單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)合使用，又可分開(kai)成(cheng)(cheng)幾(ji)套(tao)單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)獨使用。整(zheng)套(tao)裝置(zhi)投資小，經濟實惠。圖5中，在(zai)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)每個單(dan)元試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中都有一個勵(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)A1、C1和(he)A2、C2。在(zai)三(san)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基(ji)本原理中，低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源加在(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)a1x1上(shang)，單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都是V。勵(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)A1、C1給**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)勵(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)A2、C2給第(di)三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)第(di)三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)箱體(ti)分別(bie)處在(zai)對(dui)(dui)地為1V和(he)2V的(de)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位上(shang)，所(suo)以箱體(ti)對(dui)(dui)地是絕緣(yuan)的(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)箱體(ti)是接(jie)地的(de)。這樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)(dui)地的(de)額定輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分別(bie)為1V、2V、3V；其額定容(rong)量(liang)(liang)分別(bie)為3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高壓試(shi)驗變壓器做被試(shi)品的工頻耐壓試(shi)驗使用接線原(yuan)理(li)圖(tu)見圖(tu)5。
圖中：R1—限流電阻(zu)(zu) FRC—阻(zu)(zu)容分(fen)壓器 RF—球(qiu)間隙保護電阻(zu)(zu) G—球(qiu)間隙 CX—被試品
注：高壓尾必須可靠(kao)接(jie)地
工頻耐壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗中限流電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)R1應根據試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)額(e)定容量來選擇。如(ru)高壓(ya)側額(e)定輸出電(dian)流在100～300mA時，可(ke)取(qu)0.5～1Ω/V(試(shi)(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya))；高壓(ya)側額(e)定輸出電(dian)流為1A以(yi)上時，可(ke)取(qu)1Ω/V(試(shi)(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya))。常用水電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)作為限流電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，管(guan)子長度可(ke)按150kV/m考慮，管(guan)子粗細應具有足(zu)夠(gou)的(de)熱容量(水阻(zu)(zu)液配制方法：用蒸(zheng)餾水加入適量硫(liu)酸銅配制成各種不同的(de)阻(zu)(zu)值)。
球(qiu)(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)及保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)阻：當電(dian)(dian)壓超過球(qiu)(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)整定值時(一(yi)般取試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)110%~120%)，球(qiu)(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)放電(dian)(dian)，對被試(shi)品起到保(bao)護作用。球(qiu)(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)阻可(ke)按1Ω/V(試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓)選取。
在工(gong)頻(pin)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)中，低(di)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表(biao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不(bu)是(shi)(shi)非(fei)常準確的(de)(de)，其原因是(shi)(shi)由于試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)存在著(zhu)漏(lou)抗，在這個漏(lou)抗上(shang)(shang)必(bi)然存在著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降或容(rong)升(sheng)(sheng)，使試品上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)于或高(gao)于低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)上(shang)(shang)反映(ying)出來的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工(gong)頻(pin)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)時，被試品上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)所謂容(rong)升(sheng)(sheng)現象。感應耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)時，試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)漏(lou)抗必(bi)然存在著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為了準確測(ce)量(liang)(liang)被試品上(shang)(shang)所施加的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此常在高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)接入FRC阻容(rong)分(fen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)來測(ce)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工頻耐壓試驗操作注意事項
1）試(shi)驗人員應做(zuo)好分工，明確(que)相互間聯系(xi)方法。并有專(zhuan)門人監護(hu)現(xian)場**及觀察試(shi)品狀態(tai)。
2）被(bei)試品應先清(qing)掃干凈，并(bing)**干燥，以免損壞被(bei)試品和試驗帶來的誤差(cha)。
3）對(dui)于大型試(shi)驗，一般都應先(xian)進行空升試(shi)驗。即不接試(shi)品時升壓至試(shi)驗電壓，校對(dui)各種表計，調整球(qiu)間隙。
4）升壓(ya)(ya)速度不(bu)(bu)能(neng)太快，并必須防止突(tu)(tu)然加壓(ya)(ya)。例如(ru)調壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)在(zai)零位時突(tu)(tu)然合閘。也(ye)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)突(tu)(tu)然切(qie)斷電源，一般應在(zai)調壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)降至(zhi)零位時拉閘。
5）當電壓(ya)(ya)升至試驗電壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)(shi)，開始計時(shi)(shi)，到1min后，迅速降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)到1/3試驗電壓(ya)(ya)以下時(shi)(shi)，才能拉開電源。
6）在升壓或耐壓試(shi)驗過(guo)程中(zhong)，如發現下列不正常(chang)情況時，應立即降壓，切斷(duan)電源。停止試(shi)驗并查明(ming)原(yuan)因(yin)：①電壓表指針擺動(dong)很大；②發現絕緣燒焦或冒煙(yan)；③被試(shi)品內有不正常(chang)的聲音。
7）耐(nai)壓試驗前后應測(ce)量絕(jue)緣(yuan)電阻，檢查絕(jue)緣(yuan)情況。
試驗變壓(ya)器(qi)在做(zuo)被試品的直流耐壓(ya)或(huo)泄(xie)露試驗時接線(xian)原(yuan)理圖(tu)如圖(tu)6。
注：此試(shi)驗應先抽出短路桿“D”，圖6中(zhong)所示(shi)。
圖中：VD—高壓硅堆 R1—限流電阻 C1—高壓濾波電容 FRC—阻容分壓器 ; CX—被試品 μA—帶保護微安表
泄露試驗(yan)中(zhong)限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)R1選擇(ze)在額(e)定(ding)輸出電(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)，輸出端(duan)短路電(dian)流(liu)不超過高壓(ya)硅堆的(de)*大整(zheng)流(liu)。如電(dian)壓(ya)硅堆的(de)*大整(zheng)流(liu)電(dian)流(liu)為100mA時(shi)用(yong)于60kV的(de)試驗(yan)裝置中(zhong)，限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇(ze)。限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)還應(ying)具有足夠的(de)容量和沿面放電(dian)距離。
高壓濾波電容(rong)C1一般(ban)選擇在0.01~0.1μF，當被(bei)試品(pin)的電容(rong)量很大時，C1可(ke)省略(lve)不用。
泄露試驗的操作及(ji)注意事(shi)項
1）試驗(yan)(yan)前應先檢查被試品是(shi)否停電(dian)(dian)，接(jie)地(di)放電(dian)(dian)，一切對外連線是(shi)否擦干(gan)凈。要(yao)嚴防將(jiang)試驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓加到(dao)有人工作的(de)部(bu)位上去。
2）接(jie)好試驗(yan)裝置的接(jie)線(xian)后，應復查(cha)無誤后才可加壓(ya)(ya)。應特別注意(yi)檢查(cha)高壓(ya)(ya)設備及引(yin)線(xian)與(yu)地、與(yu)操作(zuo)人(ren)員的**距離，被試品(pin)的外殼是(shi)否(fou)可靠接(jie)地，要按(an)**規(gui)程中所規(gui)定的內容進行(xing)試驗(yan)。
3）對于大(da)電(dian)容(rong)量設備應(ying)緩慢升壓，防止被試(shi)品的充電(dian)電(dian)流燒壞微(wei)安表(biao)。必(bi)要(yao)時應(ying)分(fen)(fen)級(ji)加壓，分(fen)(fen)別(bie)讀取各級(ji)電(dian)壓下微(wei)安表(biao)的穩(wen)定讀數。
4）試(shi)驗過(guo)程中，應密切監視被試(shi)品、試(shi)驗裝置、微安表(biao)，一旦(dan)發(fa)生擊穿(chuan)、閃爍等異常現象應立即降(jiang)壓，切斷(duan)電源，并(bing)查明原因，詳(xiang)細記錄。
5）試(shi)(shi)驗完畢，降(jiang)壓，切斷電源后應(ying)將被試(shi)(shi)品及試(shi)(shi)驗裝置本身(shen)充分(fen)放電。
四、WBYD-75KVA/150KV交流耐壓變壓器注意事項
1、按照您所進行(xing)的(de)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)接(jie)好(hao)工作線路。試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓器(qi)的(de)外殼以(yi)及操作系(xi)統(tong)的(de)外殼必須可靠接(jie)地。試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓器(qi)高壓繞組(zu)的(de)X端(高壓尾)以(yi)及測(ce)量繞組(zu)的(de)F端必須可靠接(jie)地。
2、做串級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時，**級(ji)(ji)、第三級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓器的低壓繞(rao)組的X端，測(ce)量(liang)繞(rao)組的F端以及高壓繞(rao)組的X端(高壓尾)均接(jie)本級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓器的外殼。**級(ji)(ji)、第三級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓器的外殼必須通過絕緣支(zhi)架接(jie)地。
3、接通電源(yuan)(yuan)前，操作系統的(de)調壓器(qi)必須調到(dao)零(ling)位后方可接通電源(yuan)(yuan)，合(he)閘(zha)，開始升(sheng)壓。
4、從(cong)零(ling)開始均勻旋轉調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器手(shou)輪升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方法(fa)有：快速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即20s逐級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；慢速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即60s逐級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；極慢速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)供選用。電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)從(cong)零(ling)開始按一定的(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方式和速(su)(su)度(du)上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您(nin)所需的(de)(de)額定試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)75%后，在(zai)以每秒2%額定試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)速(su)(su)度(du)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您(nin)所需的(de)(de)額定電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，并密(mi)切注(zhu)意測(ce)(ce)量儀表的(de)(de)指(zhi)示以及被(bei)試(shi)(shi)品的(de)(de)情況(kuang)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過(guo)程中或試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)過(guo)程中如發現(xian)測(ce)(ce)量儀表的(de)(de)指(zhi)示及被(bei)試(shi)(shi)品情況(kuang)異常，應立即降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，切斷電源，查明情況(kuang)。
5、試驗完畢(bi)后，應在數秒內勻速的將調(diao)壓(ya)器返(fan)回至零位，然后切(qie)斷電(dian)源。
6、本產品不(bu)得(de)超過額定參(can)數使用。除試驗必須(xu)外，決不(bu)允(yun)許全電(dian)壓通電(dian)或斷電(dian)。
7、再升壓或耐(nai)壓試(shi)驗過程中，如發(fa)現以(yi)下不正常情況(kuang)時，應立即(ji)降(jiang)壓，切(qie)斷電源，停止試(shi)驗并查明原因。
⑴電(dian)壓(ya)表(biao)指針(zhen)擺動(或(huo)數字(zi)跳動)很大
⑵電(dian)流(liu)表直線上升
被試品內有(you)不正常的聲音(yin)
8、圖1中(zhong)第9項系壓力(li)(li)閥(fa)及壓力(li)(li)表，為長期關(guan)閉狀態。每(mei)6個月開閥(fa)一次(ci)，以檢查(cha)SF6壓力(li)(li)，應(ying)不小(xiao)于0.2MPa(檢查(cha)壓力(li)(li)后立即關(guan)閉閥(fa)門(men))，低于0.2MPa時應(ying)加SF6氣(qi)體，以增(zeng)加氣(qi)絕緣。
9、耐(nai)壓(ya)實驗前后應測量被試(shi)設(she)備(bei)的(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)阻，檢查絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)情況。
10、當(dang)試驗變壓器長期不使用時，應放置于通風、干燥、無(wu)陽光直(zhi)射的(de)地方(fang)。
11、該產(chan)品不允許在高(gao)于45℃的(de)溫度下長期存放、使用(yong)、放氣。
12、運(yun)輸搬運(yun)途(tu)中不得(de)重力沖(chong)擊。
13、產品(pin)緊(jin)固件及壓(ya)力閥、壓(ya)力表不得擅自松動。
14、使用本(ben)產品做高壓試驗(yan)時，出熟悉本(ben)說明書(shu)外，還(huan)必(bi)須嚴格(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)國(guo)家有(you)關標準和操作(zuo)規程(cheng)。可參照(zhao)GB311-83《高壓輸變設備的絕緣配合，高壓試驗(yan)技術》；《電氣設備預防性試驗(yan)規程(cheng)》等。
五、WBYD-75KVA/150KV交流耐壓變壓器容量選擇
標稱試驗變壓器容(rong)量Pn的(de)確定公(gong)式(shi)：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中：
Pn——標稱試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器容量(kVA)
Vn——試驗變壓器的額定輸出高(gao)壓的有效值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標稱電壓Vn≥1MV時，k=2；標稱電壓較低時，k值可(ke)取高(gao)一(yi)些。
Ct——被試品的電容量(pF)
ω——角頻(pin)率，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源的頻(pin)率
被試設備(bei)的電容(rong)量Ct可由交流(liu)電橋測出。Ct的變化很大(da)，
可由設備(bei)的類型而定(ding)。
典型數據如下：
簡單(dan)的棒式或懸(xuan)式絕緣(yuan)子 ; 幾(ji)十微法
簡單的分(fen)級(ji)套管 100～1000pF
電(dian)壓互感器 200 ～ 500pF
電力變壓器 < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高(gao)壓電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜和(he)油浸紙絕緣(yuan) 250～300pF/m
氣體絕緣 ; ～60pF/m
封閉變電站，SF6氣體絕緣 100～10000Pf;
對(dui)于(yu)不(bu)同的試驗(yan)電壓Vn，選擇不(bu)同的(適當的)**系(xi)數k。
以下列出不同的Vn所選(xuan)用的k值(zhi)供參(can)考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV ; k = 3
Vn > 300kV ;k = 2