一、WBYD-30KVA/150KV交直流高壓發生器概述(shu)

YDQ系列高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器是根據《試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器》標(biao)(biao)準，在油(you)(you)浸式試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上而(er)設(she)計(ji)生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)體具有良好的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)性(xing)能(neng)及優(you)異的(de)(de)(de)滅弧(hu)性(xing)能(neng)，其耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)強(qiang)度為同一壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下氮(dan)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)2.5倍，擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)2.5倍。在0.25MPa下與(yu)油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)相等，在0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下是油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)2倍，是一種(zhong)優(you)于油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)新一代(dai)超(chao)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)絕(jue)緣(yuan)介(jie)質材料(liao)。該產(chan)(chan)品技術要求完(wan)全(quan)符合《ZBK-41006-89》標(biao)(biao)準，它是油(you)(you)浸式輕型(xing)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)換代(dai)產(chan)(chan)品。該產(chan)(chan)品具有體積小(xiao)、重(zhong)量輕、不(bu)受氣(qi)候變(bian)化影響、電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈小(xiao)、現場搬運無需靜(jing)止可使用，使用壽命長、免維修(xiu)等特點。適用于電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)、工礦企業、科研部門等對各(ge)種(zhong)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備(bei)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)元件、絕(jue)緣(yuan)材料(liao)進行(xing)工頻或(huo)直流高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)強(qiang)度試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。

二、WBYD-30KVA/150KV交直流高壓發生器產品結構

YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器采(cai)用(yong)單框芯式(shi)鐵(tie)芯結構，初級繞組繞在鐵(tie)芯上，高(gao)壓(ya)繞組在外(wai)，這種同軸(zhou)布置減少了漏磁通，因而增大(da)了繞組間的耦(ou)合(he)。產品的外(wai)殼為圓柱灌式(shi)容器結構，能耐受0.8MPa以上壓(ya)力。其(qi)結構見圖1：

三、WBYD-30KVA/150KV交直流高壓發生器工作原理

YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器為單相變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器，聯結組標(biao)號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用(yong)工頻220V(10kVA以上(shang)為380V)電源接入 (為本(ben)公(gong)司生產的試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器配套專用(yong)設備，詳細(xi)資料(liao)請見其具(ju)體使用(yong)說明書)系列操作箱(臺)，經操作箱內自偶調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(50kVA以上(shang)調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器外附)調(diao)節至(zhi)0～200V(或0～400V)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)輸出至(zhi)YDQ試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的初級繞(rao)(rao)組，根據電磁感應原理，在(zai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞(rao)(rao)組可獲得試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)所需的高(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。

單臺YDQ系列高壓試驗變壓器的(de)工(gong)作原理圖見圖2。

單臺YDQ系列交直流高(gao)壓(ya)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器的(de)工作原理圖見圖3，圖中(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)壓(ya)套管中(zhong)(zhong)裝(zhuang)有高(gao)壓(ya)硅(gui)堆，串接(jie)(jie)在高(gao)壓(ya)回路中(zhong)(zhong)作半波整流，以(yi)獲得直流高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)。當用一短路桿(gan)將(jiang)高(gao)壓(ya)硅(gui)堆短接(jie)(jie)時，可獲得工頻高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)，作為交流輸出(chu)狀態；取消短路桿(gan)時，作為直流輸出(chu)狀態。

試驗變壓器高(gao)壓套管中的高(gao)壓硅堆未畫出，其原理(li)與上圖相同。

三臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串(chuan)(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更高電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接線原理見(jian)圖4。串(chuan)(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優越性，因為(wei)(wei)整個試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝置由幾(ji)臺(tai)單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)，單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容(rong)量小、電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)、重(zhong)量輕，便于運(yun)輸和(he)安裝。它既然可串(chuan)(chuan)接成(cheng)高出(chu)(chu)幾(ji)倍(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)合使(shi)用(yong)，又(you)可分開成(cheng)幾(ji)套單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)獨使(shi)用(yong)。整套裝置投資(zi)小，經濟實惠。圖5中(zhong)，在**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每個單(dan)元試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)都有一(yi)個勵(li)磁繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)A1、C1和(he)A2、C2。在三臺(tai)串(chuan)(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原理中(zhong)，低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)源加(jia)在試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)a1x1上，單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都是V。勵(li)磁繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)A1、C1給(gei)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)供電(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勵(li)磁繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)A2、C2給(gei)第(di)(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)供電(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)第(di)(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)體(ti)(ti)分別處(chu)在對地(di)為(wei)(wei)1V和(he)2V的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高電(dian)位上，所以箱(xiang)體(ti)(ti)對地(di)是絕緣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)體(ti)(ti)是接地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。這樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分別為(wei)(wei)1V、2V、3V；其額(e)定(ding)容(rong)量分別為(wei)(wei)3P、2P、1P。

YDQ系(xi)列高壓試驗變(bian)壓器做被(bei)試品的工頻耐(nai)壓試驗使(shi)用接線原理圖(tu)見圖(tu)5。

圖(tu)中(zhong)：R1—限流電阻(zu)(zu)       FRC—阻(zu)(zu)容分壓器     RF—球間(jian)隙保護電阻(zu)(zu)     G—球間(jian)隙          CX—被試品

注(zhu)：高壓尾必須可靠接地

工(gong)頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中限流(liu)電(dian)阻R1應(ying)根據試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)額(e)定容(rong)量(liang)來選擇。如(ru)高壓(ya)(ya)側(ce)額(e)定輸出(chu)電(dian)流(liu)在100～300mA時，可取0.5～1Ω/V(試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya))；高壓(ya)(ya)側(ce)額(e)定輸出(chu)電(dian)流(liu)為1A以上時，可取1Ω/V(試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya))。常用水電(dian)阻作為限流(liu)電(dian)阻，管子長度可按(an)150kV/m考慮，管子粗(cu)細應(ying)具有足夠的(de)熱容(rong)量(liang)(水阻液配制(zhi)(zhi)方法：用蒸餾水加入適量(liang)硫(liu)酸銅(tong)配制(zhi)(zhi)成各(ge)種(zhong)不同的(de)阻值)。

球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)及保(bao)(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)阻：當(dang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)超過球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)整定(ding)值時(一般取試驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的110%~120%)，球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)放電(dian)(dian)，對被(bei)試品起到保(bao)(bao)護(hu)作用。球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)阻可(ke)按1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya))選取。

在(zai)工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗中，低電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不(bu)是(shi)非常(chang)準確(que)的(de)，其原因是(shi)由于試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)存在(zai)著漏(lou)抗(kang)，在(zai)這個漏(lou)抗(kang)上(shang)必然存在(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降或(huo)容升，使試(shi)品上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低于或(huo)高于低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表上(shang)反映出來(lai)(lai)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗時，被(bei)試(shi)品上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也(ye)就是(shi)所(suo)謂容升現象。感(gan)應耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗時，試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)漏(lou)抗(kang)必然存在(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為了準確(que)測(ce)量(liang)被(bei)試(shi)品上(shang)所(suo)施加的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此常(chang)在(zai)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側接(jie)入FRC阻(zu)容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)來(lai)(lai)測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖(tu)5)。

工頻耐壓試(shi)驗操作(zuo)注意事項

1）試驗人員(yuan)應做好分工，明(ming)確相互間(jian)聯系方法。并有專門人監(jian)護現場**及觀(guan)察(cha)試品狀態(tai)。

2）被試(shi)品應先(xian)清掃(sao)干(gan)凈，并**干(gan)燥，以免損壞被試(shi)品和(he)試(shi)驗(yan)帶來的誤差。

3）對(dui)于大型試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，一般(ban)都應(ying)先進行空升試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。即不接試(shi)品時升壓至試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電壓，校對(dui)各種表計，調整球間隙。

4）升壓(ya)速(su)度不能(neng)太快，并必須防止突(tu)然加(jia)壓(ya)。例如調(diao)壓(ya)器不在零位(wei)時突(tu)然合閘(zha)。也不能(neng)突(tu)然切斷電(dian)源(yuan)，一(yi)般應在調(diao)壓(ya)器降至零位(wei)時拉閘(zha)。

5）當電壓(ya)(ya)升至試(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)，開始(shi)計時(shi)，到1min后，迅(xun)速降壓(ya)(ya)到1/3試(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya)(ya)以下時(shi)，才能拉開電源。

6）在升壓(ya)(ya)或(huo)耐壓(ya)(ya)試驗過程中，如發(fa)現下列不正常情況時(shi)，應立即(ji)降壓(ya)(ya)，切斷電源(yuan)。停(ting)止試驗并查明原(yuan)因：①電壓(ya)(ya)表指針擺動很大(da)；②發(fa)現絕緣燒(shao)焦或(huo)冒煙；③被試品(pin)內(nei)有(you)不正常的(de)聲音。

7）耐壓試驗前后應測量絕緣電阻，檢(jian)查絕緣情況。

試驗變壓器在(zai)做被試品的直流(liu)耐壓或泄(xie)露試驗時接線原理圖(tu)如圖(tu)6。

注：此試驗(yan)應(ying)先抽出短路桿“D”，圖(tu)6中所(suo)示。

圖中：VD—高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)硅堆     R1—限流電阻(zu)      C1—高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)濾波(bo)電容    FRC—阻(zu)容分壓(ya)(ya)器     CX—被試品    μA—帶保護(hu)微安表(biao)

泄露(lu)試(shi)驗中限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻R1選擇(ze)在額定(ding)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)時，輸(shu)出(chu)端短路電(dian)流(liu)不超(chao)過高壓(ya)硅堆的*大整流(liu)。如電(dian)壓(ya)硅堆的*大整流(liu)電(dian)流(liu)為100mA時用于60kV的試(shi)驗裝置中，限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇(ze)。限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻還應具有足(zu)夠的容(rong)量和(he)沿面放電(dian)距離。

高壓(ya)濾波電容C1一般選擇在0.01~0.1μF，當被(bei)試品的電容量(liang)很大時，C1可省略不用。

泄露試驗的操作及注意事項

1）試(shi)驗前應先檢(jian)查被試(shi)品是(shi)否(fou)停電(dian)，接(jie)地放電(dian)，一切對外連線是(shi)否(fou)擦(ca)干凈。要嚴(yan)防將試(shi)驗電(dian)壓加到有人工作的部位上去。

2）接(jie)好(hao)試(shi)驗(yan)裝置的接(jie)線(xian)后(hou)，應復(fu)查無誤后(hou)才可加壓。應特別注意檢查高壓設(she)備(bei)及引線(xian)與地(di)、與操作人員的**距(ju)離，被試(shi)品的外殼(ke)是否可靠接(jie)地(di)，要按**規程中(zhong)所規定的內容進行試(shi)驗(yan)。

3）對于大電(dian)(dian)容量設(she)備應緩慢升壓，防止(zhi)被試(shi)品(pin)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流燒(shao)壞微安表。必要時應分級(ji)加壓，分別(bie)讀取各級(ji)電(dian)(dian)壓下(xia)微安表的穩定讀數。

4）試(shi)驗過程(cheng)中，應密切監視(shi)被試(shi)品、試(shi)驗裝置、微(wei)安表，一(yi)旦(dan)發生(sheng)擊(ji)穿(chuan)、閃爍等異常現象應立即降壓，切斷電源，并(bing)查明原因，詳細(xi)記(ji)錄。

5）試(shi)(shi)驗完畢，降壓，切(qie)斷電源后應將被試(shi)(shi)品(pin)及試(shi)(shi)驗裝(zhuang)置本身充分放電。

四、WBYD-30KVA/150KV交直流高壓發生器注意事項

1、按(an)照您所進行(xing)的試(shi)驗接(jie)好(hao)工作線(xian)路。試(shi)驗變壓器的外(wai)(wai)殼以及(ji)操作系統(tong)的外(wai)(wai)殼必(bi)須可靠接(jie)地(di)。試(shi)驗變壓器高(gao)壓繞(rao)組(zu)的X端(高(gao)壓尾)以及(ji)測量繞(rao)組(zu)的F端必(bi)須可靠接(jie)地(di)。

2、做串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗時，**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器(qi)的低壓(ya)繞組(zu)的X端，測量繞組(zu)的F端以及高壓(ya)繞組(zu)的X端(高壓(ya)尾)均接本(ben)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器(qi)的外殼(ke)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器(qi)的外殼(ke)必(bi)須通過絕緣支架接地(di)。

3、接(jie)(jie)通(tong)電源前，操作系(xi)統的調壓器必須調到(dao)零位后方(fang)可接(jie)(jie)通(tong)電源，合閘，開始升壓。

4、從零開始均勻(yun)旋轉調壓器手(shou)輪升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓方法(fa)有：快速升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓法(fa)，即20s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓法(fa)；慢速升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓法(fa)，即60s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓法(fa)；極慢速升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓法(fa)供選用。電(dian)壓從零開始按一定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓方式和速度上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您(nin)(nin)所(suo)需(xu)的(de)額定(ding)(ding)(ding)試(shi)驗電(dian)壓的(de)75%后，在以每秒(miao)2%額定(ding)(ding)(ding)試(shi)驗電(dian)壓的(de)速度升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您(nin)(nin)所(suo)需(xu)的(de)額定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓，并密切注意(yi)測量儀(yi)表(biao)的(de)指示以及(ji)被試(shi)品(pin)(pin)的(de)情況(kuang)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓過程(cheng)中(zhong)或試(shi)驗過程(cheng)中(zhong)如發現測量儀(yi)表(biao)的(de)指示及(ji)被試(shi)品(pin)(pin)情況(kuang)異常，應立即降壓，切斷電(dian)源，查(cha)明情況(kuang)。

5、試驗完畢后，應在(zai)數秒內(nei)勻速的將調壓器返回至(zhi)零位(wei)，然后切斷電(dian)源(yuan)。

6、本產品不得(de)超過(guo)額(e)定參數使用。除試驗(yan)必須(xu)外，決(jue)不允許全電(dian)(dian)壓通(tong)電(dian)(dian)或斷電(dian)(dian)。

7、再升壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試驗過程(cheng)中，如發(fa)現以下不正常情況時，應立即(ji)降壓(ya)，切斷電(dian)源，停止(zhi)試驗并查明原(yuan)因。

⑴電壓(ya)表指針擺動(或數字跳(tiao)動)很大

⑵電流表(biao)直線上升

被(bei)試品內有不正常的聲音

8、圖1中第9項系(xi)壓(ya)力(li)(li)閥(fa)及(ji)壓(ya)力(li)(li)表，為長期(qi)關閉(bi)狀態。每6個月開閥(fa)一次，以檢查SF6壓(ya)力(li)(li)，應不小于(yu)0.2MPa(檢查壓(ya)力(li)(li)后立即(ji)關閉(bi)閥(fa)門)，低(di)于(yu)0.2MPa時應加(jia)SF6氣體，以增(zeng)加(jia)氣絕緣。

9、耐(nai)壓實驗前后應測量被試設(she)備的(de)絕緣(yuan)電阻，檢查絕緣(yuan)情況。

10、當(dang)試驗變壓(ya)器長(chang)期不使用時(shi)，應放(fang)置于通(tong)風、干(gan)燥、無陽(yang)光直射的地方。

11、該產(chan)品不允許在高于45℃的溫度下長期存放、使(shi)用、放氣(qi)。

12、運輸搬運途中不得(de)重力沖擊。

13、產(chan)品緊固件及壓(ya)力閥、壓(ya)力表不得(de)擅(shan)自(zi)松動(dong)。

14、使用本產品做高(gao)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)時，出熟悉本說明書外，還必須(xu)嚴格執(zhi)行國家有關標(biao)準(zhun)和操作規程。可參照GB311-83《高(gao)壓(ya)輸變設(she)備的(de)絕緣配合，高(gao)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)技術》；《電氣設(she)備預(yu)防性試(shi)驗(yan)規程》等。

五、WBYD-30KVA/150KV交直流高壓發生器容量選擇

標(biao)稱(cheng)試驗變壓器容(rong)量(liang)Pn的(de)確定公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9

式(shi)中：

Pn——標稱試驗變壓器(qi)容量(liang)(kVA)

Vn——試驗變壓(ya)器的(de)額定輸出高壓(ya)的(de)有(you)效值(kV)

k ——**系數。k≥1，標稱電壓(ya)Vn≥1MV時，k=2；標稱電壓(ya)較(jiao)低時，k值可取高一(yi)些。

Ct——被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)的電(dian)容量(pF)

ω——角頻率，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源的頻率

被(bei)試(shi)設備的電容量(liang)Ct可由交流電橋(qiao)測出。Ct的變(bian)化很(hen)大，

可由設備的類型(xing)而定(ding)。

典型(xing)數據如下：

簡(jian)單的棒(bang)式或懸式絕緣子             幾十微法

簡單的(de)分(fen)級套管                     100～1000pF

電壓互(hu)感器                         200 ～ 500pF

電力變壓器(qi)   &nbsp;   < 1000kVA ～1000pF

> 1000kVA        1000～10000pF

高壓電力電纜和油浸紙絕(jue)緣        &nbsp;  250～300pF/m

氣體絕緣          ;                 ～60pF/m

封閉變(bian)電站，SF6氣體絕(jue)緣            100～10000Pf;

對于不(bu)同的(de)試驗電(dian)壓Vn，選擇不(bu)同的(de)(適當的(de))**系(xi)數k。

以下列出不同(tong)的(de)Vn所(suo)選(xuan)用的(de)k值(zhi)供參考。

Vn =50~100kV&nbsp;       k = 4

Vn =150~300kV       k = 3

Vn > 300kV         &nbsp;k = 2