一、WBYD-100KVA/100KV交直流高壓發生器概述
YDQ系列高壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)根據《試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)》標準(zhun)，在油(you)浸式試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上而設(she)計(ji)生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣體具(ju)有(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)緣(yuan)性能及(ji)優異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滅(mie)弧(hu)性能，其(qi)耐壓(ya)(ya)強(qiang)度為同一壓(ya)(ya)力(li)下(xia)氮氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍，擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍。在0.25MPa下(xia)與油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)相(xiang)等(deng)，在0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)力(li)下(xia)是(shi)(shi)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍，是(shi)(shi)一種優于(yu)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新一代超高壓(ya)(ya)絕(jue)緣(yuan)介質(zhi)材料(liao)(liao)。該產品技術要求(qiu)完全符合《ZBK-41006-89》標準(zhun)，它是(shi)(shi)油(you)浸式輕(qing)型試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)換代產品。該產品具(ju)有(you)體積小、重量(liang)輕(qing)、不受(shou)氣候變(bian)(bian)化影響、電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈小、現場(chang)搬(ban)運(yun)無(wu)需(xu)靜止可使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命長、免維修(xiu)等(deng)特點。適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統、工(gong)礦企業、科(ke)研(yan)部門等(deng)對(dui)各種高壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設(she)備、電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣元件、絕(jue)緣(yuan)材料(liao)(liao)進行工(gong)頻或直流(liu)高壓(ya)(ya)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)強(qiang)度試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。
二、WBYD-100KVA/100KV交直流高壓發生器產品結構
YDQ系(xi)列高壓試(shi)驗變壓器(qi)采用單(dan)框(kuang)芯(xin)(xin)式鐵(tie)芯(xin)(xin)結構，初級繞(rao)組繞(rao)在(zai)鐵(tie)芯(xin)(xin)上，高壓繞(rao)組在(zai)外，這種同軸布置減(jian)少了(le)漏(lou)磁通，因而增大了(le)繞(rao)組間的耦合(he)。產品的外殼為圓柱灌(guan)式容器(qi)結構，能耐(nai)受0.8MPa以上壓力。其結構見圖1：
三、WBYD-100KVA/100KV交直流高壓發生器工作原理
YDQ系列(lie)高壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器為(wei)單相變壓(ya)器，聯結組(zu)(zu)標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用(yong)工頻(pin)220V(10kVA以上(shang)為(wei)380V)電(dian)源接入 (為(wei)本公司(si)生(sheng)產的(de)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器配套專用(yong)設備，詳細資料請見其具體使用(yong)說(shuo)明書)系列(lie)操(cao)作(zuo)箱(臺)，經(jing)操(cao)作(zuo)箱內自偶調壓(ya)器(50kVA以上(shang)調壓(ya)器外附)調節至0～200V(或(huo)0～400V)電(dian)壓(ya)輸出至YDQ試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器的(de)初(chu)級(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)，根據電(dian)磁感應(ying)原理，在試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器高壓(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)可獲得試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)所(suo)需的(de)高電(dian)壓(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列高壓試驗變壓器(qi)的(de)工(gong)作原理(li)圖(tu)見(jian)圖(tu)2。
單臺(tai)YDQ系(xi)列交(jiao)直(zhi)流(liu)高壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器的工作原理(li)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)見(jian)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)3，圖(tu)(tu)(tu)中(zhong)高壓(ya)套管中(zhong)裝有(you)高壓(ya)硅(gui)堆，串接在高壓(ya)回路中(zhong)作半波整流(liu)，以(yi)獲得直(zhi)流(liu)高電壓(ya)。當用一短(duan)路桿將高壓(ya)硅(gui)堆短(duan)接時(shi)，可(ke)獲得工頻高電壓(ya)，作為交(jiao)流(liu)輸出狀態；取消短(duan)路桿時(shi)，作為直(zhi)流(liu)輸出狀態。
試驗變壓(ya)器高(gao)壓(ya)套管(guan)中(zhong)的高(gao)壓(ya)硅(gui)堆未畫出(chu)，其原(yuan)理(li)與上圖相同(tong)。
三(san)(san)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串(chuan)級(ji)獲得更高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)接線原理見圖(tu)4。串(chuan)級(ji)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有很大的(de)(de)優越性，因為(wei)(wei)(wei)整(zheng)個試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)由幾臺(tai)(tai)單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)，單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容量小、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)、重量輕，便于運輸和(he)安(an)裝(zhuang)。它(ta)既(ji)然(ran)可(ke)(ke)串(chuan)接成(cheng)高(gao)(gao)出(chu)幾倍的(de)(de)單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)合使用(yong)，又可(ke)(ke)分(fen)開成(cheng)幾套(tao)(tao)單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)獨使用(yong)。整(zheng)套(tao)(tao)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)投資小，經濟實惠。圖(tu)5中，在**級(ji)和(he)**級(ji)的(de)(de)每(mei)個單(dan)元試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中都有一個勵(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)A1、C1和(he)A2、C2。在三(san)(san)臺(tai)(tai)串(chuan)級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原理中，低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源加在試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)初級(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)a1x1上，單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都是(shi)V。勵(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)A1、C1給**級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)初級(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)勵(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)A2、C2給第三(san)(san)級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)初級(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)第三(san)(san)級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)箱體(ti)分(fen)別(bie)(bie)處在對(dui)地(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1V和(he)2V的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位上，所以箱體(ti)對(dui)地(di)(di)是(shi)絕緣的(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)箱體(ti)是(shi)接地(di)(di)的(de)(de)。這樣**級(ji)、**級(ji)、第三(san)(san)級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)額定(ding)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)別(bie)(bie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1V、2V、3V；其額定(ding)容量分(fen)別(bie)(bie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)器做被試(shi)(shi)(shi)品的工頻耐壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗使(shi)用接線(xian)原理圖見圖5。
圖中：R1—限(xian)流電阻(zu) FRC—阻(zu)容分壓(ya)器 RF—球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)保護(hu)電阻(zu) G—球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi) CX—被試品
注：高(gao)壓尾必須可靠接地(di)
工頻耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中(zhong)限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻R1應根據(ju)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器的(de)額(e)定容(rong)(rong)量(liang)來選擇。如高(gao)壓(ya)側額(e)定輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在100～300mA時(shi)，可取(qu)0.5～1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya))；高(gao)壓(ya)側額(e)定輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為1A以上(shang)時(shi)，可取(qu)1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya))。常用水電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻作(zuo)為限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，管子(zi)長度可按150kV/m考慮，管子(zi)粗細應具有足夠的(de)熱容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(水阻液配制方法：用蒸餾水加入適量(liang)硫酸銅配制成各(ge)種不(bu)同(tong)的(de)阻值)。
球間(jian)隙(xi)及(ji)保(bao)護電阻：當電壓超過(guo)球間(jian)隙(xi)整(zheng)定值(zhi)時(一(yi)般取(qu)試驗電壓的110%~120%)，球間(jian)隙(xi)放電，對被試品(pin)起到保(bao)護作用。球間(jian)隙(xi)保(bao)護電阻可按1Ω/V(試驗電壓)選取(qu)。
在(zai)工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)中，低電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是(shi)非常準(zhun)確的，其原因是(shi)由(you)于(yu)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)存(cun)在(zai)著漏(lou)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)，在(zai)這(zhe)個漏(lou)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)上(shang)必(bi)然(ran)存(cun)在(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降或容升，使試(shi)品(pin)上(shang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低于(yu)或高于(yu)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表上(shang)反映(ying)出來(lai)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)時，被試(shi)品(pin)上(shang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于(yu)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是(shi)所謂容升現象。感應耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)時，試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的漏(lou)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)必(bi)然(ran)存(cun)在(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為了準(zhun)確測(ce)(ce)量(liang)被試(shi)品(pin)上(shang)所施加的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此常在(zai)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)接入FRC阻容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)來(lai)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖(tu)5)。
工頻耐壓(ya)試驗操作注意事(shi)項
1）試(shi)驗人員應做(zuo)好分工(gong)，明確相互(hu)間聯系(xi)方法。并有專門人監護現(xian)場(chang)**及觀察試(shi)品狀態。
2）被試品應先(xian)清掃(sao)干(gan)凈(jing)，并(bing)**干(gan)燥，以免損壞被試品和試驗帶來的誤差。
3）對(dui)于大型試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，一般(ban)都(dou)應先進行(xing)空升(sheng)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。即不(bu)接試(shi)(shi)品時升(sheng)壓至試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電壓，校對(dui)各種(zhong)表計，調(diao)整(zheng)球(qiu)間隙。
4）升壓速(su)度不能太快，并必須防止(zhi)突然(ran)加壓。例如(ru)調壓器不在零位(wei)時(shi)突然(ran)合閘。也不能突然(ran)切斷電源，一般應在調壓器降至零位(wei)時(shi)拉閘。
5）當(dang)電壓(ya)升至試驗電壓(ya)時，開始計(ji)時，到1min后，迅速(su)降壓(ya)到1/3試驗電壓(ya)以下時，才能拉開電源。
6）在升壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試驗(yan)過程中，如(ru)發現下(xia)列(lie)不正(zheng)常情況(kuang)時(shi)，應立即降(jiang)壓(ya)，切(qie)斷(duan)電源。停止試驗(yan)并查明原因：①電壓(ya)表(biao)指針擺(bai)動很(hen)大；②發現絕緣(yuan)燒(shao)焦或冒(mao)煙；③被試品內有不正(zheng)常的聲音。
7）耐壓試驗前后應(ying)測量(liang)絕緣(yuan)電阻，檢查絕緣(yuan)情況。
試驗變壓器在(zai)做被試品的直流耐壓或泄露試驗時(shi)接線原理(li)圖如圖6。
注：此(ci)試驗應先抽出(chu)短(duan)路桿“D”，圖(tu)6中(zhong)所示。
圖中：VD—高(gao)壓(ya)硅堆 R1—限流(liu)電(dian)阻 C1—高(gao)壓(ya)濾波電(dian)容 FRC—阻容分(fen)壓(ya)器 CX—被試品 μA—帶保(bao)護微(wei)安(an)表
泄(xie)露試驗中(zhong)(zhong)限(xian)流(liu)電阻(zu)R1選擇在(zai)額定輸(shu)出電壓時(shi)，輸(shu)出端短路電流(liu)不超過高壓硅(gui)堆的*大(da)整流(liu)。如電壓硅(gui)堆的*大(da)整流(liu)電流(liu)為100mA時(shi)用于60kV的試驗裝置中(zhong)(zhong)，限(xian)流(liu)電阻(zu)按(an)R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇。限(xian)流(liu)電阻(zu)還應(ying)具有足夠的容(rong)量和沿面放電距離(li)。
高壓(ya)濾(lv)波電(dian)容C1一般(ban)選(xuan)擇在0.01~0.1μF，當被試(shi)品的電(dian)容量很大時，C1可省略不用(yong)。
泄露試驗的操作及注意(yi)事項
1）試(shi)驗前應先檢查被試(shi)品是(shi)否停電，接(jie)地放(fang)電，一切對(dui)外連線是(shi)否擦干凈。要嚴防(fang)將試(shi)驗電壓加到有人工作的(de)部位上(shang)去(qu)。
2）接好試驗裝(zhuang)置的接線后(hou)，應復查(cha)無誤后(hou)才可加(jia)壓(ya)。應特(te)別注意檢查(cha)高壓(ya)設(she)備(bei)及引線與(yu)地、與(yu)操(cao)作人員的**距離(li)，被試品的外殼是(shi)否可靠接地，要按**規(gui)程中所(suo)規(gui)定的內容進行試驗。
3）對于大(da)電容量設備應(ying)緩慢升壓(ya)，防止(zhi)被試品的充電電流燒壞微(wei)安表。必要時應(ying)分(fen)(fen)級(ji)加壓(ya)，分(fen)(fen)別讀取各級(ji)電壓(ya)下微(wei)安表的穩定讀數。
4）試(shi)驗過程中(zhong)，應(ying)密切(qie)監視(shi)被試(shi)品(pin)、試(shi)驗裝置、微安表，一旦發(fa)生擊穿(chuan)、閃爍等異常現(xian)象應(ying)立即降壓，切(qie)斷(duan)電源，并(bing)查明原因(yin)，詳細記錄。
5）試(shi)驗(yan)完畢，降壓，切斷電源后應將被試(shi)品及試(shi)驗(yan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)本(ben)身充分放電。
四、WBYD-100KVA/100KV交直流高壓發生器注意事項
1、按照(zhao)您(nin)所進行(xing)的(de)試(shi)驗(yan)接好工作線路。試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓器(qi)的(de)外(wai)殼以(yi)(yi)及操作系統(tong)的(de)外(wai)殼必須(xu)可(ke)靠接地。試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓器(qi)高壓繞組(zu)的(de)X端(高壓尾)以(yi)(yi)及測量(liang)繞組(zu)的(de)F端必須(xu)可(ke)靠接地。
2、做(zuo)串級試驗(yan)時(shi)，**級、第三(san)級試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)繞組的(de)(de)X端(duan)(duan)，測(ce)量繞組的(de)(de)F端(duan)(duan)以及高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)繞組的(de)(de)X端(duan)(duan)(高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)尾)均接(jie)(jie)本級試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)外殼。**級、第三(san)級試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)外殼必(bi)須通過(guo)絕緣支(zhi)架接(jie)(jie)地。
3、接通電(dian)源前，操作系統的調壓器必須調到零(ling)位后方可接通電(dian)源，合閘(zha)，開始升壓。
4、從零(ling)開始均勻(yun)旋轉(zhuan)調壓(ya)器手輪升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)：快速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，即20s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)；慢速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，即60s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)；極慢速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)供選用。電(dian)壓(ya)從零(ling)開始按(an)一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)方(fang)式和速(su)(su)度上升(sheng)(sheng)到您所需(xu)的(de)(de)額定(ding)(ding)試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)75%后，在以每(mei)秒2%額定(ding)(ding)試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)速(su)(su)度升(sheng)(sheng)到您所需(xu)的(de)(de)額定(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)，并密切注意測(ce)量儀表的(de)(de)指(zhi)示(shi)以及被試(shi)品的(de)(de)情(qing)況。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)過(guo)程中或試(shi)驗過(guo)程中如發現測(ce)量儀表的(de)(de)指(zhi)示(shi)及被試(shi)品情(qing)況異常(chang)，應(ying)立即降壓(ya)，切斷電(dian)源，查明情(qing)況。
5、試驗完畢后，應在數(shu)秒內勻速的將調(diao)壓器返(fan)回至(zhi)零位，然(ran)后切斷電源。
6、本產品不得(de)超過額定參數(shu)使用(yong)。除(chu)試驗必須外(wai)，決不允(yun)許全電壓通(tong)電或斷(duan)電。
7、再升(sheng)壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試驗過程中，如發現(xian)以下不(bu)正常情況(kuang)時，應立即降壓(ya)，切(qie)斷(duan)電源，停(ting)止試驗并查明原(yuan)因。
⑴電壓表指針擺動(dong)(dong)(或數字(zi)跳(tiao)動(dong)(dong))很大
⑵電(dian)流表直(zhi)線上升
被試品內有不正常的聲音
8、圖1中第(di)9項系壓(ya)力(li)(li)閥及壓(ya)力(li)(li)表，為長(chang)期(qi)關(guan)閉狀態。每6個(ge)月開閥一次，以檢(jian)(jian)查SF6壓(ya)力(li)(li)，應不小于0.2MPa(檢(jian)(jian)查壓(ya)力(li)(li)后立即關(guan)閉閥門)，低(di)于0.2MPa時應加SF6氣(qi)體，以增加氣(qi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)。
9、耐壓(ya)實驗前后應測量(liang)被(bei)試(shi)設備的絕緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)阻，檢查絕緣(yuan)(yuan)情況。
10、當試驗變壓器(qi)長期不使用時，應放置于(yu)通風、干燥(zao)、無陽光(guang)直射的地(di)方。
11、該產(chan)品不允許在高于45℃的溫度下長期存放、使(shi)用、放氣。
12、運輸(shu)搬運途中不(bu)得重力沖(chong)擊。
13、產(chan)品(pin)緊(jin)固件及壓(ya)力閥、壓(ya)力表不得(de)擅自松動(dong)。
14、使用(yong)本產品做高(gao)壓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時，出熟悉本說明書(shu)外，還必須(xu)嚴格執行國家有關標(biao)準和操(cao)作(zuo)規程。可參照GB311-83《高(gao)壓輸(shu)變設備(bei)的(de)絕緣(yuan)配合，高(gao)壓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)技術》；《電氣設備(bei)預防(fang)性試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)規程》等。
五、WBYD-100KVA/100KV交直流高壓發生器容量選擇
標稱試驗變壓(ya)器(qi)容(rong)量Pn的(de)確定公式(shi)：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式(shi)中：
Pn——標稱試驗(yan)變壓器容(rong)量(kVA)
Vn——試驗變壓器的額定輸(shu)出高壓的有(you)效值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標(biao)稱電(dian)(dian)壓Vn≥1MV時(shi)，k=2；標(biao)稱電(dian)(dian)壓較低時(shi)，k值可取高一些(xie)。
Ct——被試(shi)品的電容量(pF)
ω——角頻率，ω=2πf， f——試驗電(dian)源(yuan)的頻率
被試設備(bei)的(de)電容(rong)量(liang)Ct可由交流電橋測出。Ct的(de)變化很大(da)，
可(ke)由設備的類型(xing)而定。
典(dian)型數據如(ru)下：
簡單的棒(bang)式或(huo)懸式絕緣子 幾十微法
簡(jian)單的分級套管(guan) 100～1000pF
電壓互感器 200 ～ 500pF
電力變壓器(qi) ; < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜和油浸紙絕(jue)緣 250～300pF/m
氣體絕緣 ; ～60pF/m
封閉變電(dian)站，SF6氣體絕緣(yuan) 100～10000Pf;
對(dui)于不(bu)(bu)同的(de)試驗電壓Vn，選(xuan)擇不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(適當的(de))**系數(shu)k。
以下列出不同的Vn所(suo)選用的k值供參考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV ;k = 2