一、WBYD-75KVA/100KV高壓試驗變壓器概(gai)述
YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器是根據《試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器》標(biao)準(zhun)，在(zai)(zai)油(you)浸式試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)而設(she)計(ji)生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)(qi)體具有(you)(you)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電氣(qi)(qi)絕緣性能(neng)及優(you)(you)異(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滅弧性能(neng)，其耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強(qiang)度為同一壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)氮氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍(bei)，擊(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍(bei)。在(zai)(zai)0.25MPa下(xia)與油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相等(deng)，在(zai)(zai)0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)是油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)，是一種優(you)(you)于(yu)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新一代(dai)超高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)絕緣介(jie)質(zhi)材料(liao)。該產品(pin)(pin)技術(shu)要求(qiu)完全符合(he)《ZBK-41006-89》標(biao)準(zhun)，它(ta)是油(you)浸式輕型試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)換代(dai)產品(pin)(pin)。該產品(pin)(pin)具有(you)(you)體積小、重量輕、不受(shou)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)影響、電暈小、現場搬(ban)運(yun)無需靜止(zhi)可使用，使用壽命長(chang)、免維修等(deng)特點(dian)。適用于(yu)電力系統、工礦(kuang)企業(ye)、科研部門等(deng)對各(ge)種高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電氣(qi)(qi)設(she)備、電氣(qi)(qi)元件、絕緣材料(liao)進(jin)行(xing)工頻或直流高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕緣強(qiang)度試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。
二、WBYD-75KVA/100KV高壓試驗變壓器產品結構
YDQ系(xi)列高壓(ya)試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)器采用單框芯(xin)式鐵芯(xin)結構，初級繞組繞在鐵芯(xin)上，高壓(ya)繞組在外，這(zhe)種同(tong)軸布置減(jian)少了漏(lou)磁(ci)通，因而增(zeng)大了繞組間(jian)的(de)耦合。產(chan)品的(de)外殼為圓(yuan)柱(zhu)灌(guan)式容(rong)器結構，能耐受0.8MPa以上壓(ya)力。其結構見圖1：
三、WBYD-75KVA/100KV高壓試驗變壓器工作原理
YDQ系(xi)列(lie)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)為單相變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，聯結組標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用工頻(pin)220V(10kVA以(yi)上為380V)電源接入 (為本公(gong)司生產(chan)的試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)配(pei)套(tao)專用設備，詳細資料請(qing)見其具(ju)體使用說明書)系(xi)列(lie)操(cao)作(zuo)箱(xiang)(臺)，經操(cao)作(zuo)箱(xiang)內自偶調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(50kVA以(yi)上調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)外附)調節至0～200V(或0～400V)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輸出至YDQ試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的初級繞(rao)組，根據電磁(ci)感應原理，在試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組可(ke)獲得試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)所需的高電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列高壓試(shi)驗變壓器的(de)工作原理圖見圖2。
單(dan)臺YDQ系列交(jiao)直流(liu)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器的工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)原理圖見圖3，圖中高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)套管中裝有高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)硅堆，串接(jie)在(zai)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)回路(lu)中作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)半波(bo)整流(liu)，以獲(huo)得直流(liu)高(gao)(gao)電壓(ya)。當(dang)用(yong)一短路(lu)桿將高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)硅堆短接(jie)時(shi)，可獲(huo)得工頻高(gao)(gao)電壓(ya)，作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)交(jiao)流(liu)輸出(chu)狀態；取消短路(lu)桿時(shi)，作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)直流(liu)輸出(chu)狀態。
試驗變壓(ya)器高壓(ya)套管中的高壓(ya)硅(gui)堆未(wei)畫出，其原理(li)與上圖相同。
三(san)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)串(chuan)級(ji)獲得更高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)接(jie)線(xian)原理見(jian)圖(tu)4。串(chuan)級(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)很(hen)大的(de)(de)優(you)越(yue)性，因(yin)為整(zheng)個試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝置(zhi)由幾臺(tai)(tai)單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)成，單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)容量小、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重量輕，便于運輸(shu)和安裝。它既然可(ke)串(chuan)接(jie)成高(gao)出幾倍的(de)(de)單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)合使(shi)用(yong)，又(you)可(ke)分(fen)開成幾套(tao)單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)獨使(shi)用(yong)。整(zheng)套(tao)裝置(zhi)投(tou)資小，經濟(ji)實惠。圖(tu)5中(zhong)，在(zai)(zai)**級(ji)和**級(ji)的(de)(de)每個單(dan)元試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)都有(you)一個勵磁(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)A1、C1和A2、C2。在(zai)(zai)三(san)臺(tai)(tai)串(chuan)級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原理中(zhong)，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源加在(zai)(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)a1x1上，單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都是V。勵磁(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)A1、C1給**級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)勵磁(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)A2、C2給第(di)三(san)級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和第(di)三(san)級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)箱體分(fen)別處在(zai)(zai)對地為1V和2V的(de)(de)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)上，所(suo)以箱體對地是絕緣的(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)箱體是接(jie)地的(de)(de)。這樣**級(ji)、**級(ji)、第(di)三(san)級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)對地的(de)(de)額定輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)別為1V、2V、3V；其額定容量分(fen)別為3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高(gao)壓試驗(yan)變壓器做(zuo)被試品(pin)的(de)工(gong)頻耐壓試驗(yan)使(shi)用接線(xian)原理(li)圖(tu)見圖(tu)5。
圖(tu)中：R1—限(xian)流電(dian)阻 FRC—阻容分壓器 RF—球(qiu)間隙(xi)保護電(dian)阻 G—球(qiu)間隙(xi) CX—被試品
注：高壓尾必須可(ke)靠接地
工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)中限流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)阻R1應根據(ju)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)額(e)定(ding)(ding)容(rong)量來選擇。如高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)側額(e)定(ding)(ding)輸出電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)在100～300mA時，可(ke)(ke)取0.5～1Ω/V(試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya))；高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)側額(e)定(ding)(ding)輸出電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)為1A以上時，可(ke)(ke)取1Ω/V(試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya))。常用(yong)(yong)水(shui)電(dian)阻作為限流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)阻，管子長度可(ke)(ke)按150kV/m考(kao)慮(lv)，管子粗細應具(ju)有足(zu)夠的(de)熱(re)容(rong)量(水(shui)阻液配制方法：用(yong)(yong)蒸餾水(shui)加入適量硫酸銅配制成(cheng)各種不同的(de)阻值)。
球(qiu)(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙及保護(hu)電阻：當電壓超過球(qiu)(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙整(zheng)定值時(一般(ban)取試驗電壓的110%~120%)，球(qiu)(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙放電，對被試品(pin)起到(dao)保護(hu)作用。球(qiu)(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙保護(hu)電阻可(ke)按1Ω/V(試驗電壓)選取。
在(zai)(zai)(zai)工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)中，低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(儀(yi)表電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya))不是(shi)非常準確(que)的，其原因是(shi)由于(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)著漏(lou)(lou)抗，在(zai)(zai)(zai)這個漏(lou)(lou)抗上必(bi)然存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)降或(huo)容(rong)升，使試(shi)(shi)(shi)品上的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低(di)于(yu)或(huo)高(gao)于(yu)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)表上反映出來的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時(shi)，被試(shi)(shi)(shi)品上的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高(gao)于(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，也就是(shi)所謂容(rong)升現象。感(gan)應(ying)耐壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時(shi)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的漏(lou)(lou)抗必(bi)然存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)降。為(wei)了準確(que)測(ce)量(liang)被試(shi)(shi)(shi)品上所施加的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，因此常在(zai)(zai)(zai)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)側接入FRC阻容(rong)分(fen)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)來測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工頻耐壓試驗操作注意事項
1）試驗人員應做(zuo)好分工(gong)，明(ming)確相互間聯系方(fang)法。并有(you)專門人監(jian)護現場**及觀察試品狀態。
2）被試品應先(xian)清掃干(gan)(gan)凈，并**干(gan)(gan)燥，以免損(sun)壞被試品和試驗帶來的誤差。
3）對于大型試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)，一(yi)般都應先進(jin)行空升試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。即不接試(shi)(shi)品時升壓至試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)電壓，校(xiao)對各種表(biao)計，調整球間隙。
4）升壓(ya)(ya)速度不能太快(kuai)，并必須防止突然(ran)(ran)加壓(ya)(ya)。例如調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)器不在(zai)零(ling)位(wei)時(shi)(shi)突然(ran)(ran)合(he)閘(zha)。也不能突然(ran)(ran)切斷電源(yuan)，一般(ban)應在(zai)調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)器降至零(ling)位(wei)時(shi)(shi)拉閘(zha)。
5）當電(dian)壓升至試驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)壓時，開(kai)始計時，到1min后，迅(xun)速(su)降(jiang)壓到1/3試驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)壓以下(xia)時，才(cai)能拉開(kai)電(dian)源。
6）在升(sheng)壓或耐壓試驗過(guo)程中，如發(fa)現(xian)下(xia)列不(bu)正常情(qing)況(kuang)時，應立即降壓，切斷電源。停止試驗并查明(ming)原(yuan)因：①電壓表指(zhi)針擺動很(hen)大；②發(fa)現(xian)絕緣燒焦或冒煙；③被(bei)試品內有不(bu)正常的聲(sheng)音。
7）耐壓試(shi)驗(yan)前后應測量絕緣電阻，檢查絕緣情況(kuang)。
試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器在做被試(shi)品的直流耐壓(ya)或泄(xie)露試(shi)驗時(shi)接線原理圖如(ru)圖6。
注：此試驗應先抽出(chu)短路桿“D”，圖6中所(suo)示(shi)。
圖中：VD—高(gao)壓硅(gui)堆 R1—限(xian)流電(dian)阻(zu) C1—高(gao)壓濾(lv)波電(dian)容(rong)(rong) FRC—阻(zu)容(rong)(rong)分壓器 CX—被(bei)試品 μA—帶保護微安表
泄露試驗中(zhong)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)電阻(zu)R1選擇(ze)(ze)在額定輸出(chu)(chu)電壓(ya)時，輸出(chu)(chu)端短路(lu)電流(liu)(liu)不超過高壓(ya)硅堆的*大整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)。如電壓(ya)硅堆的*大整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)電流(liu)(liu)為100mA時用于60kV的試驗裝置(zhi)中(zhong)，限(xian)流(liu)(liu)電阻(zu)按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇(ze)(ze)。限(xian)流(liu)(liu)電阻(zu)還應具有足(zu)夠的容量和(he)沿面(mian)放電距離。
高壓(ya)濾(lv)波電容C1一般選擇(ze)在(zai)0.01~0.1μF，當被(bei)試(shi)品的(de)電容量很大時，C1可省略不用。
泄露試驗的操作及(ji)注(zhu)意事項
1）試(shi)驗(yan)前應(ying)先檢(jian)查被試(shi)品是(shi)否停(ting)電(dian)(dian)，接地放電(dian)(dian)，一切對外連線是(shi)否擦干凈。要嚴防將試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓加到有人工(gong)作的部位上去。
2）接(jie)好(hao)試驗(yan)裝置的接(jie)線后，應(ying)復(fu)查無誤后才可加壓。應(ying)特別注意(yi)檢查高壓設備及引(yin)線與(yu)地、與(yu)操(cao)作人員的**距(ju)離，被試品(pin)的外殼(ke)是否(fou)可靠接(jie)地，要按**規(gui)程中所規(gui)定的內容進行試驗(yan)。
3）對于大電容量設備應緩慢升(sheng)壓(ya)，防止被試品(pin)的充電電流燒壞微安表。必要(yao)時(shi)應分級加壓(ya)，分別讀取(qu)各(ge)級電壓(ya)下微安表的穩定讀數。
4）試驗(yan)過程中，應密(mi)切監視(shi)被試品、試驗(yan)裝(zhuang)置、微安表，一旦發生擊穿、閃爍(shuo)等異常現象(xiang)應立即降壓，切斷電源，并查(cha)明原因，詳(xiang)細記錄(lu)。
5）試驗完畢(bi)，降壓(ya)，切斷電源后應將被試品(pin)及試驗裝置本身充(chong)分放電。
四、WBYD-75KVA/100KV高壓試驗變壓器注意事項
1、按照(zhao)您所進行的試(shi)驗(yan)接(jie)好工作線(xian)路。試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓器的外殼以(yi)及操作系統的外殼必須可(ke)靠接(jie)地(di)。試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓器高壓繞組的X端(高壓尾)以(yi)及測(ce)量繞組的F端必須可(ke)靠接(jie)地(di)。
2、做串級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時，**級(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓器的低壓繞組的X端(duan)，測量繞組的F端(duan)以及高壓繞組的X端(duan)(高壓尾(wei))均接(jie)本(ben)級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓器的外殼(ke)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓器的外殼(ke)必須通過絕緣支(zhi)架接(jie)地。
3、接(jie)通(tong)電(dian)源前，操作系(xi)統的調(diao)壓器必須(xu)調(diao)到零(ling)位(wei)后方可接(jie)通(tong)電(dian)源，合(he)閘，開(kai)始升壓。
4、從零開(kai)始均(jun)勻旋轉調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)手輪升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方法(fa)(fa)有(you)：快速升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)，即20s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)；慢速升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)，即60s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)；極慢速升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)供選用。電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)從零開(kai)始按(an)一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方式和速度上升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您所需的(de)(de)額定(ding)(ding)試驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)75%后(hou)，在以每(mei)秒2%額定(ding)(ding)試驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)速度升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您所需的(de)(de)額定(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，并密切(qie)注意測(ce)(ce)量儀表的(de)(de)指示(shi)以及(ji)被(bei)試品的(de)(de)情(qing)況。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過程中(zhong)或試驗過程中(zhong)如(ru)發現測(ce)(ce)量儀表的(de)(de)指示(shi)及(ji)被(bei)試品情(qing)況異(yi)常，應(ying)立即降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，切(qie)斷電(dian)源，查明情(qing)況。
5、試驗(yan)完畢后，應在數秒內勻速(su)的將調壓器返(fan)回至零(ling)位，然后切斷電源(yuan)。
6、本產品不得超(chao)過(guo)額定參數(shu)使用(yong)。除試驗必須外，決不允許全電(dian)壓通電(dian)或斷(duan)電(dian)。
7、再升壓(ya)(ya)或耐壓(ya)(ya)試驗過程中，如(ru)發現以下不正常(chang)情(qing)況時(shi)，應立即降壓(ya)(ya)，切斷電源，停止試驗并查明原因。
⑴電壓表指(zhi)針擺動(dong)(或數字(zi)跳動(dong))很(hen)大
⑵電(dian)流表直(zhi)線上升
被試品內有不正常的(de)聲音
8、圖1中第9項(xiang)系壓力(li)閥(fa)及壓力(li)表，為長(chang)期關閉(bi)狀(zhuang)態。每6個月開閥(fa)一次，以檢查(cha)(cha)SF6壓力(li)，應(ying)不小于0.2MPa(檢查(cha)(cha)壓力(li)后立即關閉(bi)閥(fa)門)，低(di)于0.2MPa時應(ying)加(jia)(jia)SF6氣體，以增加(jia)(jia)氣絕緣。
9、耐壓實驗前后應測量被試設備的絕緣(yuan)電阻(zu)，檢查絕緣(yuan)情(qing)況。
10、當試驗變(bian)壓器長期不使用時，應(ying)放(fang)置于通風、干燥(zao)、無陽光直射的地(di)方。
11、該產品不允許在高于45℃的溫度下長期(qi)存(cun)放(fang)、使(shi)用、放(fang)氣。
12、運(yun)輸搬運(yun)途中不得重力(li)沖(chong)擊。
13、產品(pin)緊(jin)固件及(ji)壓力閥、壓力表不得擅自松動。
14、使用本產品做(zuo)高壓試驗(yan)時(shi)，出熟悉本說明書(shu)外(wai)，還必須嚴格執行國家有關標準和操作規(gui)程。可參照GB311-83《高壓輸變設(she)備的絕緣配(pei)合，高壓試驗(yan)技術(shu)》；《電(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備預防性試驗(yan)規(gui)程》等。
五、WBYD-75KVA/100KV高壓試驗變壓器容量選擇
標稱試驗(yan)變壓器容量(liang)Pn的確定公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式(shi)中：
Pn——標稱試驗變壓(ya)器容(rong)量(liang)(kVA)
Vn——試(shi)驗變壓器的額定輸出高壓的有效值(kV)
k ——**系(xi)數。k≥1，標(biao)稱(cheng)(cheng)電壓Vn≥1MV時(shi)，k=2；標(biao)稱(cheng)(cheng)電壓較低時(shi)，k值可取高一些。
Ct——被試品的電容量(liang)(pF)
ω——角(jiao)頻率(lv)，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源的頻率(lv)
被試設備的電(dian)容量(liang)Ct可由交流電(dian)橋(qiao)測(ce)出。Ct的變化很大，
可由(you)設備的類型而定。
典型數(shu)據如下：
簡單的棒式(shi)或懸式(shi)絕緣子(zi) 幾十微法
簡(jian)單的分(fen)級套管(guan) 100～1000pF
電壓互感(gan)器 200 ～ 500pF
電力變壓器 < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高壓電力電纜(lan)和油浸(jin)紙絕緣 250～300pF/m
氣(qi)體絕緣 ; ～60pF/m
封閉變電站，SF6氣體絕緣(yuan) 100～10000Pf;
對于不同的試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)Vn，選擇不同的(適當的)**系數k。
以下列出不(bu)同的(de)(de)Vn所選用的(de)(de)k值供參(can)考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2