一(yi)、WBYD-30KVA/100KV交流耐壓試驗變壓器概述
YDQ系列(lie)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)是根(gen)據《試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)》標準(zhun)，在(zai)油浸(jin)式(shi)(shi)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)基礎上而設計(ji)生產(chan)(chan)的(de)。SF6氣體具有良好的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣絕緣(yuan)性能及優(you)異(yi)的(de)滅(mie)弧性能，其耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強度(du)為同一(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)下(xia)氮(dan)氣的(de)2.5倍，擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)空氣的(de)2.5倍。在(zai)0.25MPa下(xia)與(yu)油的(de)擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相等(deng)(deng)，在(zai)0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)下(xia)是油的(de)擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)2倍，是一(yi)種(zhong)優(you)于(yu)油的(de)新一(yi)代超高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)絕緣(yuan)介質(zhi)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)。該產(chan)(chan)品(pin)技(ji)術(shu)要求完全(quan)符(fu)合《ZBK-41006-89》標準(zhun)，它是油浸(jin)式(shi)(shi)輕型試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)換代產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。該產(chan)(chan)品(pin)具有體積小、重量輕、不受氣候變(bian)化(hua)影響、電(dian)(dian)暈小、現場搬運無需靜(jing)止可使用，使用壽命(ming)長、免維修等(deng)(deng)特(te)點。適用于(yu)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統、工礦企業、科(ke)研部門等(deng)(deng)對各種(zhong)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)氣設備、電(dian)(dian)氣元件、絕緣(yuan)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)進(jin)行工頻或直流(liu)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)的(de)絕緣(yuan)強度(du)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。
二、WBYD-30KVA/100KV交流耐壓試驗變壓器產品結構
YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器(qi)采用單(dan)框(kuang)芯式鐵芯結(jie)構，初級(ji)繞組繞在(zai)鐵芯上，高壓(ya)繞組在(zai)外，這種同(tong)軸布置減少(shao)了(le)漏(lou)磁(ci)通，因而增大了(le)繞組間的(de)耦合。產品的(de)外殼為圓柱灌式容器(qi)結(jie)構，能耐(nai)受0.8MPa以上壓(ya)力。其結(jie)構見圖1：
三、WBYD-30KVA/100KV交流耐壓試驗變壓器工作原理
YDQ系(xi)列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)為單相變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，聯結組(zu)標號(hao)Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用工頻220V(10kVA以上(shang)為380V)電源接(jie)入 (為本公司(si)生產的試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)配套專(zhuan)用設備，詳細資(zi)料請見其具體使用說明(ming)書)系(xi)列操作箱(xiang)(臺)，經操作箱(xiang)內自偶調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(50kVA以上(shang)調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)外(wai)附)調(diao)節至(zhi)0～200V(或(huo)0～400V)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)輸出至(zhi)YDQ試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的初級繞組(zu)，根據電磁(ci)感應原理，在(zai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞組(zu)可(ke)獲得試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)所需的高(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。
單臺(tai)YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器的工作原理圖見圖2。
單臺YDQ系列交(jiao)(jiao)直流高(gao)壓試驗變壓器的工作原理圖(tu)見圖(tu)3，圖(tu)中高(gao)壓套管中裝有高(gao)壓硅堆，串(chuan)接(jie)(jie)在高(gao)壓回路中作半波(bo)整流，以獲得(de)直流高(gao)電(dian)壓。當用一短路桿將高(gao)壓硅堆短接(jie)(jie)時，可(ke)獲得(de)工頻高(gao)電(dian)壓，作為(wei)交(jiao)(jiao)流輸出狀態(tai)；取消短路桿時，作為(wei)直流輸出狀態(tai)。
試驗變壓(ya)器高壓(ya)套(tao)管中的高壓(ya)硅堆(dui)未畫出，其原(yuan)理(li)與上圖相同。
三臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)獲得更高(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)線原(yuan)理(li)見(jian)圖(tu)4。串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有很(hen)大的(de)(de)優越性，因為整個(ge)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)置由(you)幾臺(tai)單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成，單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容量小、電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重(zhong)量輕，便于運輸和(he)(he)安裝(zhuang)。它既然(ran)可串(chuan)接(jie)(jie)成高(gao)出幾倍(bei)的(de)(de)單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸出電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)(zu)合(he)使用，又可分開成幾套(tao)單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)獨使用。整套(tao)裝(zhuang)置投(tou)資小，經濟實惠。圖(tu)5中(zhong)，在(zai)**級(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)**級(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)每個(ge)單(dan)元試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)都有一個(ge)勵磁繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1和(he)(he)A2、C2。在(zai)三臺(tai)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基(ji)本原(yuan)理(li)中(zhong)，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電源加在(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)a1x1上(shang)(shang)，單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)輸出電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都是V。勵磁繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1給(gei)**級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)供(gong)電；**級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)勵磁繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)A2、C2給(gei)第三級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)供(gong)電。**級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)(he)第三級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)箱(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)分別(bie)處在(zai)對(dui)地為1V和(he)(he)2V的(de)(de)高(gao)電位上(shang)(shang)，所以箱(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)對(dui)地是絕緣的(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)箱(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)是接(jie)(jie)地的(de)(de)。這樣**級(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)、第三級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)地的(de)(de)額定輸出電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分別(bie)為1V、2V、3V；其額定容量分別(bie)為3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高壓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓器做被試(shi)(shi)品的工頻耐壓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)使用接線原理圖見圖5。
圖中：R1—限流電阻 FRC—阻容分壓器 RF—球(qiu)間隙保護電阻 G—球(qiu)間隙 CX—被試品
注：高壓尾必須可靠接地
工頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)中限流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻R1應根據試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)額定容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)來選擇。如高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)側額定輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)在100～300mA時，可(ke)取(qu)0.5～1Ω/V(試驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya))；高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)側額定輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為1A以上時，可(ke)取(qu)1Ω/V(試驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya))。常用水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻作(zuo)為限流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，管(guan)子長度可(ke)按150kV/m考慮，管(guan)子粗(cu)細應具有足夠的(de)(de)熱容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(水阻液配(pei)制方法：用蒸餾(liu)水加(jia)入適量(liang)(liang)硫酸銅配(pei)制成(cheng)各(ge)種不同的(de)(de)阻值)。
球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)及保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻：當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)超過球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)整定值時(shi)(一般取試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的110%~120%)，球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，對(dui)被試(shi)(shi)品起到保護作用(yong)。球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻可(ke)按1Ω/V(試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya))選(xuan)取。
在工(gong)頻(pin)(pin)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)中，低電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測量(liang)(liang)(liang)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是(shi)非常(chang)準確的(de)(de)，其原因是(shi)由于試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器存在著(zhu)漏抗，在這個漏抗上必然(ran)存在著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)或(huo)容升，使試(shi)(shi)品(pin)上的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低于或(huo)高于低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測量(liang)(liang)(liang)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表上反映出(chu)來(lai)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工(gong)頻(pin)(pin)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時，被試(shi)(shi)品(pin)上的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)所謂容升現象。感應耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時，試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)漏抗必然(ran)存在著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)。為了準確測量(liang)(liang)(liang)被試(shi)(shi)品(pin)上所施加的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此(ci)常(chang)在高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)接入FRC阻容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器來(lai)測量(liang)(liang)(liang)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工頻耐壓試驗操作注意(yi)事(shi)項
1）試(shi)驗人員應做好分(fen)工，明確相(xiang)互間聯系方(fang)法(fa)。并有(you)專門(men)人監護現場(chang)**及觀察試(shi)品狀態(tai)。
2）被試品(pin)應先清掃干(gan)凈(jing)，并**干(gan)燥，以免損壞被試品(pin)和試驗帶來的誤差(cha)。
3）對(dui)于(yu)大型試驗(yan)，一般(ban)都應先進行空升(sheng)試驗(yan)。即不接試品時升(sheng)壓(ya)至試驗(yan)電壓(ya)，校對(dui)各種表計，調(diao)整球間隙。
4）升(sheng)壓(ya)速度不能太快，并必須防(fang)止突(tu)然加(jia)壓(ya)。例如調壓(ya)器不在零位時突(tu)然合閘(zha)。也不能突(tu)然切斷電源(yuan)，一般應(ying)在調壓(ya)器降至(zhi)零位時拉閘(zha)。
5）當電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)升至試驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)，開始計時(shi)，到1min后，迅速降壓(ya)(ya)到1/3試驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)以下(xia)時(shi)，才(cai)能拉開電(dian)源(yuan)。
6）在升(sheng)壓或(huo)耐壓試(shi)驗過程中，如發(fa)現下列不正(zheng)常情況時(shi)，應立即(ji)降壓，切斷電(dian)源。停止試(shi)驗并查明(ming)原因(yin)：①電(dian)壓表指針擺動很大；②發(fa)現絕(jue)緣燒焦或(huo)冒煙(yan)；③被試(shi)品內(nei)有不正(zheng)常的聲音。
7）耐壓試驗前后應測量絕緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)阻，檢查絕緣(yuan)(yuan)情況。
試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器在做被(bei)試品的直流耐壓(ya)(ya)或泄露試驗時接線原理圖如圖6。
注(zhu)：此試驗(yan)應先抽出短路桿“D”，圖6中所示。
圖中：VD—高(gao)壓硅堆(dui) R1—限流(liu)電阻 C1—高(gao)壓濾波(bo)電容 FRC—阻容分壓器 CX—被試品 μA—帶保護微安表
泄露試(shi)驗(yan)中限流(liu)(liu)電阻(zu)(zu)R1選擇在(zai)額(e)定輸(shu)出電壓(ya)時，輸(shu)出端短路電流(liu)(liu)不超過高壓(ya)硅堆的*大整流(liu)(liu)。如電壓(ya)硅堆的*大整流(liu)(liu)電流(liu)(liu)為100mA時用于60kV的試(shi)驗(yan)裝(zhuang)置中，限流(liu)(liu)電阻(zu)(zu)按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇。限流(liu)(liu)電阻(zu)(zu)還應具(ju)有足夠的容量和沿面放電距離。
高壓(ya)濾波電(dian)容(rong)C1一般選擇(ze)在0.01~0.1μF，當被試品(pin)的電(dian)容(rong)量很大(da)時，C1可省(sheng)略不用(yong)。
泄(xie)露試驗的操作及注意(yi)事項
1）試驗(yan)前應先檢查被試品是否(fou)停電，接地放電，一切(qie)對外連線是否(fou)擦干凈。要嚴防將試驗(yan)電壓加到(dao)有(you)人(ren)工作的部(bu)位上(shang)去。
2）接好試(shi)驗裝置的接線后，應復查無(wu)誤后才可加壓。應特(te)別注意檢(jian)查高壓設備及引線與地、與操作人員的**距離，被(bei)試(shi)品的外殼是否可靠接地，要按**規程中(zhong)所規定的內容進行試(shi)驗。
3）對于(yu)大電(dian)容量設(she)備應緩慢升壓，防止被試品(pin)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)燒(shao)壞微(wei)安(an)表。必要(yao)時應分(fen)級(ji)加壓，分(fen)別讀取各級(ji)電(dian)壓下微(wei)安(an)表的(de)穩定讀數。
4）試驗過程中，應(ying)密切監視被試品、試驗裝置、微安表，一旦(dan)發生擊穿(chuan)、閃爍等異常現象應(ying)立即降壓，切斷(duan)電源(yuan)，并查明(ming)原因(yin)，詳細記(ji)錄。
5）試(shi)(shi)驗完畢，降壓，切斷(duan)電源后應將(jiang)被試(shi)(shi)品及試(shi)(shi)驗裝置本身充分放(fang)電。
四、WBYD-30KVA/100KV交流耐壓試驗變壓器注意事項
1、按照您所進行的試(shi)驗接(jie)(jie)好工作線路。試(shi)驗變壓器的外殼(ke)(ke)以及操作系統(tong)的外殼(ke)(ke)必須(xu)可靠接(jie)(jie)地。試(shi)驗變壓器高壓繞組(zu)的X端(高壓尾)以及測量繞組(zu)的F端必須(xu)可靠接(jie)(jie)地。
2、做(zuo)串級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)時，**級(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器的低壓繞(rao)組的X端(duan)，測量繞(rao)組的F端(duan)以及高壓繞(rao)組的X端(duan)(高壓尾)均接(jie)本級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器的外(wai)殼。**級(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器的外(wai)殼必須通過絕緣支架(jia)接(jie)地。
3、接通電源前，操(cao)作系統的調(diao)壓器必(bi)須調(diao)到零(ling)位后方可(ke)接通電源，合閘(zha)，開始(shi)升壓。
4、從零開始(shi)均勻旋(xuan)轉調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器手輪(lun)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)法(fa)有：快速升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即20s逐級升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；慢速升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即60s逐級升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；極慢速升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)供選(xuan)用。電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)從零開始(shi)按(an)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)式(shi)和速度上升(sheng)到您所(suo)需(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)試驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)75%后(hou)，在以(yi)每(mei)秒2%額(e)定(ding)試驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速度升(sheng)到您所(suo)需(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，并密切注意測量(liang)儀表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)示以(yi)及被(bei)試品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)。升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過程(cheng)中(zhong)或試驗(yan)過程(cheng)中(zhong)如發現測量(liang)儀表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)示及被(bei)試品情況(kuang)異常，應(ying)立即降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，切斷電(dian)源(yuan)，查明(ming)情況(kuang)。
5、試(shi)驗(yan)完(wan)畢后，應(ying)在數秒(miao)內勻速的將調壓器(qi)返回至(zhi)零位(wei)，然后切斷電源。
6、本產品不得超過額定參數使(shi)用。除試驗必須外，決不允許全電壓通電或斷電。
7、再升壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗過程(cheng)中，如發現(xian)以下不正(zheng)常情況時，應(ying)立即降壓(ya)，切(qie)斷電源，停止試(shi)驗并查(cha)明(ming)原因。
⑴電壓表指針擺動(或數(shu)字(zi)跳(tiao)動)很大
⑵電(dian)流(liu)表直線上(shang)升
被試品內(nei)有不正常的聲音
8、圖1中(zhong)第(di)9項系壓力(li)閥(fa)及壓力(li)表，為(wei)長期關閉(bi)狀態(tai)。每6個月(yue)開(kai)閥(fa)一次，以檢查(cha)SF6壓力(li)，應(ying)不小(xiao)于0.2MPa(檢查(cha)壓力(li)后立(li)即關閉(bi)閥(fa)門)，低于0.2MPa時應(ying)加(jia)SF6氣(qi)體，以增(zeng)加(jia)氣(qi)絕緣。
9、耐壓(ya)實驗前后應測量(liang)被(bei)試設備的絕緣電阻，檢查絕緣情況。
10、當試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器長(chang)期不使用時，應放(fang)置于通風(feng)、干燥、無陽光直(zhi)射的地方。
11、該產品不允許(xu)在高(gao)于(yu)45℃的(de)溫(wen)度下長期存(cun)放、使用、放氣。
12、運(yun)輸搬運(yun)途中不得重力沖擊(ji)。
13、產品(pin)緊固件及(ji)壓(ya)力(li)閥、壓(ya)力(li)表(biao)不得擅自(zi)松動(dong)。
14、使用本(ben)(ben)產品做高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)時，出(chu)熟悉本(ben)(ben)說(shuo)明書(shu)外，還(huan)必須嚴格執行國(guo)家有關(guan)標準和操作規程(cheng)(cheng)。可(ke)參照GB311-83《高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)輸變設(she)備(bei)的絕緣配合，高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)技術(shu)》；《電氣(qi)設(she)備(bei)預防(fang)性(xing)試(shi)驗(yan)規程(cheng)(cheng)》等(deng)。
五、WBYD-30KVA/100KV交流耐壓試驗變壓器容量選擇
標稱試驗(yan)變壓器(qi)容(rong)量Pn的確定公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中(zhong)：
Pn——標稱試(shi)驗變壓器容(rong)量(kVA)
Vn——試驗變壓器的額定輸(shu)出高壓的有效值(kV)
k ——**系(xi)數。k≥1，標(biao)稱電壓Vn≥1MV時(shi)，k=2；標(biao)稱電壓較低(di)時(shi)，k值可取高一(yi)些(xie)。
Ct——被試品(pin)的電容量(pF)
ω——角頻率(lv)，ω=2πf， f——試驗(yan)電源的頻率(lv)
被試設備(bei)的(de)電容(rong)量(liang)Ct可由交流電橋測出。Ct的(de)變化很(hen)大，
可由設備的類型(xing)而定。
典型(xing)數據如下：
簡單的(de)棒式或懸式絕緣(yuan)子(zi) 幾十微法
簡單的分級套管 100～1000pF
電(dian)壓互感器 200 ～ 500pF
電力變壓器 < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高壓電(dian)力電(dian)纜和油浸紙絕緣(yuan) 250～300pF/m
氣體絕緣(yuan) ; ～60pF/m
封閉變電站，SF6氣體(ti)絕緣(yuan) 100～10000Pf;
對于不(bu)同(tong)的試驗電壓Vn，選擇(ze)不(bu)同(tong)的(適當的)**系數k。
以下列出不同的(de)Vn所選用的(de)k值供參考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV ; k = 2