一(yi)、WBYD-25KVA/100KV交直流試驗變壓器概述
YDQ系(xi)列(lie)高(gao)壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)器是根據《試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)器》標準(zhun)，在(zai)油浸(jin)式(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)器的(de)(de)基(ji)礎上而設計(ji)生產(chan)的(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)體具有良好的(de)(de)電氣(qi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)性(xing)能及優(you)異的(de)(de)滅弧性(xing)能，其(qi)耐壓(ya)強(qiang)度(du)為同(tong)一(yi)(yi)壓(ya)力(li)下(xia)氮氣(qi)的(de)(de)2.5倍，擊(ji)穿電壓(ya)的(de)(de)空氣(qi)的(de)(de)2.5倍。在(zai)0.25MPa下(xia)與(yu)油的(de)(de)擊(ji)穿電壓(ya)相等(deng)，在(zai)0.45MPa壓(ya)力(li)下(xia)是油的(de)(de)擊(ji)穿電壓(ya)的(de)(de)2倍，是一(yi)(yi)種優(you)于油的(de)(de)新一(yi)(yi)代(dai)超高(gao)壓(ya)絕(jue)緣(yuan)介質材料。該產(chan)品技(ji)術要求完全符合《ZBK-41006-89》標準(zhun)，它是油浸(jin)式(shi)輕型試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)器的(de)(de)換代(dai)產(chan)品。該產(chan)品具有體積小(xiao)、重(zhong)量輕、不受氣(qi)候變化影響、電暈小(xiao)、現場搬(ban)運無需靜止(zhi)可使用，使用壽命長、免維修等(deng)特點。適用于電力(li)系(xi)統、工礦企業、科研部門等(deng)對各種高(gao)壓(ya)電氣(qi)設備(bei)、電氣(qi)元(yuan)件(jian)、絕(jue)緣(yuan)材料進行工頻或直(zhi)流高(gao)壓(ya)下(xia)的(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)強(qiang)度(du)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗。
二、WBYD-25KVA/100KV交直流試驗變壓器產品結構
YDQ系(xi)列高壓試驗變壓器采用單框芯(xin)式鐵芯(xin)結構，初(chu)級繞組繞在鐵芯(xin)上，高壓繞組在外，這種同軸布(bu)置(zhi)減少了漏磁通，因(yin)而增大(da)了繞組間(jian)的耦合。產(chan)品的外殼為(wei)圓柱灌式容(rong)器結構，能耐受0.8MPa以(yi)上壓力。其結構見(jian)圖1：
三、WBYD-25KVA/100KV交直流試驗變壓器工作原理
YDQ系列高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)為(wei)單(dan)相變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)，聯結組(zu)(zu)標號(hao)Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用工頻220V(10kVA以(yi)上(shang)為(wei)380V)電(dian)源(yuan)接入(ru) (為(wei)本公司生產的試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)配套專用設備，詳細(xi)資(zi)料請見其(qi)具體(ti)使用說明書)系列操(cao)作箱(臺)，經操(cao)作箱內自偶調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(50kVA以(yi)上(shang)調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)外附)調節至0～200V(或0～400V)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)輸出至YDQ試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的初級繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)，根據電(dian)磁感應原理，在試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)可獲得試(shi)驗所需的高電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列(lie)高壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器的工作(zuo)原理(li)圖(tu)見圖(tu)2。
單臺YDQ系列交直流高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的工作原理圖(tu)見圖(tu)3，圖(tu)中高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)套管中裝有高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)硅堆，串接在高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)回路中作半波整流，以獲(huo)得(de)直流高(gao)(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。當用(yong)一短路桿(gan)(gan)將高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)硅堆短接時(shi)，可獲(huo)得(de)工頻高(gao)(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，作為交流輸(shu)出狀態；取消短路桿(gan)(gan)時(shi)，作為直流輸(shu)出狀態。
試驗變壓(ya)器(qi)高壓(ya)套管中的高壓(ya)硅堆未畫(hua)出，其(qi)原理與上圖(tu)相同(tong)。
三(san)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更高電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)接線(xian)原理見圖(tu)4。串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有很大的(de)(de)優越性，因為(wei)(wei)(wei)整個試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)裝置(zhi)由幾臺(tai)(tai)單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組成，單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容量小、電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)、重量輕，便于(yu)運輸和(he)(he)(he)安裝。它既然可串接成高出(chu)幾倍(bei)的(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組合使(shi)(shi)用(yong)，又可分(fen)開成幾套單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)(dan)獨使(shi)(shi)用(yong)。整套裝置(zhi)投(tou)資小，經濟實惠。圖(tu)5中(zhong)(zhong)，在**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)每個單(dan)(dan)元試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)都有一(yi)個勵(li)磁繞(rao)組A1、C1和(he)(he)(he)A2、C2。在三(san)臺(tai)(tai)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原理中(zhong)(zhong)，低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)源加在試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)初(chu)(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組a1x1上(shang)，單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都是V。勵(li)磁繞(rao)組A1、C1給(gei)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)初(chu)(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組供電(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)勵(li)磁繞(rao)組A2、C2給(gei)第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)初(chu)(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組供電(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)(he)(he)第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)箱體(ti)分(fen)別(bie)處在對地(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1V和(he)(he)(he)2V的(de)(de)高電(dian)(dian)位上(shang)，所以(yi)箱體(ti)對地(di)是絕緣的(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)箱體(ti)是接地(di)的(de)(de)。這樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對地(di)的(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)(ding)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1V、2V、3V；其額(e)定(ding)(ding)容量分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系(xi)列(lie)高壓(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)做被(bei)試品的(de)工頻耐壓(ya)試驗(yan)使(shi)用接線原(yuan)理圖見(jian)圖5。
圖中：R1—限流電阻 FRC—阻容分(fen)壓器(qi) RF—球(qiu)間隙保護電阻 G—球(qiu)間隙 CX—被試品
注：高壓尾必須可靠接地(di)
工頻耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中限流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)R1應根據(ju)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器的(de)額定(ding)容量來選擇。如(ru)高(gao)壓(ya)側額定(ding)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)流在100～300mA時(shi)，可(ke)(ke)取(qu)0.5～1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya))；高(gao)壓(ya)側額定(ding)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)流為1A以上時(shi)，可(ke)(ke)取(qu)1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya))。常用水電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)作為限流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，管(guan)子長度可(ke)(ke)按150kV/m考慮，管(guan)子粗(cu)細應具有足夠的(de)熱(re)容量(水阻(zu)(zu)液配制方法：用蒸餾水加入適量硫酸銅配制成各種不同的(de)阻(zu)(zu)值)。
球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙及保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)阻：當電(dian)(dian)壓超過球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙整(zheng)定值時(shi)(一般取試驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓的110%~120%)，球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙放電(dian)(dian)，對(dui)被試品起到保護(hu)作(zuo)用。球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)阻可按1Ω/V(試驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓)選取。
在工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)中，低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是非常準確(que)的(de)(de)(de)，其原因(yin)是由于(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)存(cun)在著(zhu)漏抗，在這個漏抗上(shang)必(bi)然(ran)存(cun)在著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)或容(rong)(rong)升(sheng)，使(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)(di)于(yu)或高于(yu)低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表上(shang)反映出來的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)時，被試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是所謂容(rong)(rong)升(sheng)現象。感(gan)應耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)時，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)漏抗必(bi)然(ran)存(cun)在著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)。為了準確(que)測(ce)量被試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品上(shang)所施加的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因(yin)此(ci)常在高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側接入FRC阻(zu)容(rong)(rong)分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)來測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖(tu)5)。
工頻耐(nai)壓試(shi)驗操作注意事項
1）試(shi)(shi)驗人員(yuan)應做好分工，明確(que)相(xiang)互間(jian)聯系方法。并有專門(men)人監(jian)護現場**及(ji)觀察試(shi)(shi)品(pin)狀態(tai)。
2）被試(shi)品應先清掃干(gan)凈(jing)，并**干(gan)燥(zao)，以免(mian)損壞被試(shi)品和試(shi)驗帶來的誤(wu)差。
3）對(dui)于大型試驗(yan)，一般都應先進行(xing)空升(sheng)試驗(yan)。即不接(jie)試品時(shi)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)至試驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，校對(dui)各種表(biao)計，調整球間隙。
4）升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)速度不能(neng)太快，并(bing)必(bi)須防止(zhi)突(tu)然(ran)加壓(ya)(ya)。例如調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)不在(zai)零位時突(tu)然(ran)合閘。也不能(neng)突(tu)然(ran)切斷(duan)電(dian)源(yuan)，一般應在(zai)調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)降至零位時拉閘。
5）當電壓(ya)(ya)升至(zhi)試驗(yan)電壓(ya)(ya)時，開(kai)始計時，到(dao)1min后(hou)，迅(xun)速降壓(ya)(ya)到(dao)1/3試驗(yan)電壓(ya)(ya)以下時，才能拉開(kai)電源。
6）在升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)或(huo)耐壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)過(guo)程中，如(ru)發現下列不(bu)正常情況時，應立(li)即降壓(ya)(ya)，切(qie)斷電(dian)源。停止(zhi)試驗(yan)并查明原因：①電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)表指針擺動(dong)很大；②發現絕緣燒焦(jiao)或(huo)冒煙；③被試品內(nei)有不(bu)正常的聲音。
7）耐壓試驗前后(hou)應測量(liang)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電阻，檢查絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)情況。
試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器在做被試(shi)品的直流耐壓(ya)或泄露(lu)試(shi)驗時接(jie)線原理(li)圖(tu)如圖(tu)6。
注：此試驗應先抽(chou)出短路桿“D”，圖(tu)6中所示。
圖(tu)中：VD—高壓(ya)硅(gui)堆 R1—限流電阻(zu) C1—高壓(ya)濾波電容 FRC—阻(zu)容分壓(ya)器(qi) CX—被試品 μA—帶保護微安(an)表(biao)
泄露試(shi)驗中(zhong)限(xian)流(liu)電阻(zu)R1選擇在額定輸出電壓時，輸出端(duan)短路電流(liu)不超過高壓硅堆的*大整流(liu)。如電壓硅堆的*大整流(liu)電流(liu)為100mA時用(yong)于60kV的試(shi)驗裝置(zhi)中(zhong)，限(xian)流(liu)電阻(zu)按(an)R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇。限(xian)流(liu)電阻(zu)還應具有足夠的容量和(he)沿面放電距離。
高壓濾波電容C1一般選擇在(zai)0.01~0.1μF，當被試(shi)品的電容量(liang)很大時，C1可省略不用。
泄露試驗的操作及注意事項(xiang)
1）試驗前(qian)應先檢查被(bei)試品是(shi)否停電，接地放(fang)電，一切對外連線是(shi)否擦干凈。要嚴防將試驗電壓(ya)加到有人工作的部位上(shang)去。
2）接(jie)好(hao)試(shi)驗裝置的接(jie)線(xian)后，應復(fu)查無誤(wu)后才可加壓。應特別注意檢(jian)查高(gao)壓設(she)備及引線(xian)與地、與操作人員(yuan)的**距離，被試(shi)品的外殼是否(fou)可靠接(jie)地，要按(an)**規程中(zhong)所規定的內容(rong)進行試(shi)驗。
3）對于大電容(rong)量設備應緩(huan)慢升壓(ya)，防止被試品的充電電流燒壞微安表。必要(yao)時應分級(ji)(ji)加壓(ya)，分別讀(du)取(qu)各級(ji)(ji)電壓(ya)下微安表的穩定讀(du)數(shu)。
4）試(shi)驗過程(cheng)中，應(ying)密切監(jian)視被試(shi)品、試(shi)驗裝置、微安表，一旦發生擊穿(chuan)、閃爍等異(yi)常現(xian)象(xiang)應(ying)立即降壓(ya)，切斷電(dian)源(yuan)，并查明原(yuan)因，詳細記(ji)錄。
5）試驗完(wan)畢，降(jiang)壓，切斷電源后應將(jiang)被試品及試驗裝置本身充分放電。
四、WBYD-25KVA/100KV交直流試驗變壓器注意事項
1、按(an)照您所進(jin)行(xing)的(de)試(shi)驗接好工(gong)作線路。試(shi)驗變(bian)壓器的(de)外殼(ke)以及操作系(xi)統的(de)外殼(ke)必須(xu)可靠接地。試(shi)驗變(bian)壓器高(gao)壓繞組(zu)的(de)X端(高(gao)壓尾(wei))以及測量繞組(zu)的(de)F端必須(xu)可靠接地。
2、做串級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗時(shi)，**級(ji)(ji)、第三(san)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器的(de)(de)低壓(ya)繞組的(de)(de)X端(duan)(duan)，測量繞組的(de)(de)F端(duan)(duan)以及高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)繞組的(de)(de)X端(duan)(duan)(高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)尾(wei))均接本(ben)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器的(de)(de)外(wai)殼(ke)。**級(ji)(ji)、第三(san)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器的(de)(de)外(wai)殼(ke)必須(xu)通(tong)過絕(jue)緣支架接地。
3、接通(tong)(tong)電(dian)源前(qian)，操(cao)作系統(tong)的調壓(ya)器必(bi)須(xu)調到零位后方(fang)可接通(tong)(tong)電(dian)源，合閘，開(kai)始升壓(ya)。
4、從(cong)零(ling)開始均勻旋轉調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器手(shou)輪升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方法(fa)有：快速(su)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即20s逐級升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；慢速(su)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即60s逐級升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；極慢速(su)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)供選用(yong)。電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)從(cong)零(ling)開始按一定(ding)的升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方式(shi)和速(su)度上升(sheng)到您(nin)(nin)所(suo)需的額(e)(e)定(ding)試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的75%后，在(zai)以每秒2%額(e)(e)定(ding)試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的速(su)度升(sheng)到您(nin)(nin)所(suo)需的額(e)(e)定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，并密切(qie)注意測量(liang)儀表(biao)的指(zhi)示以及被試(shi)品的情況。升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)或(huo)試(shi)驗過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)如發現(xian)測量(liang)儀表(biao)的指(zhi)示及被試(shi)品情況異常，應立即降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，切(qie)斷電(dian)源，查明情況。
5、試驗完畢后，應在(zai)數秒內勻速的將調壓(ya)器(qi)返回至(zhi)零位，然后切(qie)斷電源。
6、本產品(pin)不得超過額定參數使用(yong)。除試驗必須外，決不允許全電(dian)壓通電(dian)或斷電(dian)。
7、再升(sheng)壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗過程(cheng)中，如發(fa)現以(yi)下不(bu)正(zheng)常情況時，應立即降壓(ya)，切斷電(dian)源，停止試(shi)驗并查明原(yuan)因。
⑴電(dian)壓(ya)表指(zhi)針擺(bai)動(或數字跳動)很大(da)
⑵電流表(biao)直線(xian)上(shang)升
被試(shi)品(pin)內有不正常的聲音
8、圖1中第9項系壓(ya)(ya)力(li)閥(fa)及壓(ya)(ya)力(li)表，為長期關(guan)閉狀(zhuang)態。每6個月開閥(fa)一次，以檢查SF6壓(ya)(ya)力(li)，應(ying)不小于0.2MPa(檢查壓(ya)(ya)力(li)后立(li)即(ji)關(guan)閉閥(fa)門(men))，低于0.2MPa時(shi)應(ying)加SF6氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)，以增加氣(qi)(qi)絕緣。
9、耐(nai)壓實驗前后應測(ce)量被試設備的絕緣(yuan)電阻，檢查絕緣(yuan)情(qing)況。
10、當試驗(yan)變壓器(qi)長(chang)期不使用時，應放置于通風、干燥、無陽光直射的地方。
11、該(gai)產品不允許在(zai)高于45℃的溫度下長期(qi)存放(fang)、使用(yong)、放(fang)氣(qi)。
12、運輸搬(ban)運途中不得(de)重(zhong)力沖擊(ji)。
13、產品緊固件(jian)及壓力閥、壓力表不(bu)得擅自松(song)動。
14、使用(yong)本產(chan)品做高壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)時(shi)，出熟悉本說明書外，還必須嚴格執行國家有關標準和操(cao)作(zuo)規程。可參照GB311-83《高壓(ya)(ya)輸變設備的(de)絕緣配(pei)合，高壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)技術》；《電(dian)氣設備預防性(xing)試(shi)驗(yan)規程》等。
五、WBYD-25KVA/100KV交直流試驗變壓器容量選擇
標稱試驗變壓器容(rong)量Pn的(de)確定公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中：
Pn——標稱試驗(yan)變(bian)壓器容(rong)量(liang)(kVA)
Vn——試驗變(bian)壓器的額定(ding)輸出高壓的有效(xiao)值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標(biao)稱電壓Vn≥1MV時(shi)，k=2；標(biao)稱電壓較低時(shi)，k值可取(qu)高(gao)一些。
Ct——被試品(pin)的電容量(pF)
ω——角(jiao)頻(pin)率，ω=2πf， f——試(shi)驗(yan)電源的(de)頻(pin)率
被試設備的電容(rong)量Ct可由(you)交流電橋(qiao)測(ce)出(chu)。Ct的變化(hua)很大，
可由設(she)備的類型(xing)而定。
典型數(shu)據如(ru)下：
簡單的(de)棒式或懸式絕緣子 ; 幾十微法
簡單的分級(ji)套管 100～1000pF
電壓互感器 200 ～ 500pF
電力變壓(ya)器 < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高壓電力電纜和油浸(jin)紙(zhi)絕緣(yuan) ; 250～300pF/m
氣體絕緣 ～60pF/m
封閉變電站，SF6氣(qi)體絕緣 100～10000Pf;
對于(yu)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)試驗電壓Vn，選擇不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(適當(dang)的(de))**系數(shu)k。
以(yi)下列(lie)出(chu)不同(tong)的Vn所選用的k值供參考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV ; k = 2