一(yi)、WBYD-25KVA/100KV交流耐壓變壓器概述

YDQ系列(lie)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器是(shi)根據《試(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器》標準，在油(you)浸(jin)式(shi)(shi)試(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)基礎(chu)上而設計生產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)體具有良好的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)性能及優(you)異(yi)的(de)(de)滅(mie)弧性能，其耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強度為同一(yi)(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)下氮氣(qi)的(de)(de)2.5倍(bei)，擊(ji)穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)空氣(qi)的(de)(de)2.5倍(bei)。在0.25MPa下與(yu)油(you)的(de)(de)擊(ji)穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相等，在0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)下是(shi)油(you)的(de)(de)擊(ji)穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)2倍(bei)，是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)優(you)于油(you)的(de)(de)新一(yi)(yi)代超(chao)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)介質材料。該(gai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品技術(shu)要求(qiu)完全符合(he)《ZBK-41006-89》標準，它是(shi)油(you)浸(jin)式(shi)(shi)輕(qing)型(xing)試(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)換代產(chan)(chan)(chan)品。該(gai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品具有體積小、重(zhong)量(liang)輕(qing)、不受氣(qi)候變(bian)化(hua)影響、電(dian)(dian)暈小、現場(chang)搬運無需靜止(zhi)可使用(yong)(yong)，使用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)長(chang)、免維修等特點。適用(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統、工礦企業、科研(yan)部門等對各種(zhong)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備、電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)元件、絕緣(yuan)(yuan)材料進(jin)行工頻或(huo)直(zhi)流(liu)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下的(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)強度試(shi)(shi)驗。

二、WBYD-25KVA/100KV交流耐壓變壓器產品結構

YDQ系列高壓(ya)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器采(cai)用單(dan)框(kuang)芯(xin)式鐵(tie)芯(xin)結構(gou)，初級繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)繞(rao)(rao)在(zai)鐵(tie)芯(xin)上，高壓(ya)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)在(zai)外(wai)，這種(zhong)同軸布置減(jian)少(shao)了(le)漏磁通，因(yin)而增大了(le)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)間(jian)的耦合。產品的外(wai)殼(ke)為圓柱灌式容器結構(gou)，能(neng)耐受0.8MPa以上壓(ya)力。其結構(gou)見(jian)圖1：

三、WBYD-25KVA/100KV交流耐壓變壓器工作原理

YDQ系(xi)列高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)為單(dan)相變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，聯結(jie)組標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用(yong)工頻(pin)220V(10kVA以(yi)上為380V)電(dian)(dian)源接入 (為本公司(si)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)試驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)配(pei)套(tao)專(zhuan)用(yong)設備，詳細資料請見(jian)其具體使用(yong)說明書)系(xi)列操(cao)作箱(xiang)(臺)，經操(cao)作箱(xiang)內自偶調(diao)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(50kVA以(yi)上調(diao)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)外附)調(diao)節(jie)至(zhi)0～200V(或(huo)0～400V)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)輸出(chu)至(zhi)YDQ試驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)初級繞組，根據電(dian)(dian)磁感(gan)應(ying)原理，在(zai)試驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)繞組可獲(huo)得試驗(yan)(yan)所需的(de)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。

單(dan)臺YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器的工作原(yuan)理圖見(jian)圖2。

單臺YDQ系列交直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)高壓(ya)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器(qi)的工作原理(li)圖見圖3，圖中(zhong)(zhong)高壓(ya)套管中(zhong)(zhong)裝有高壓(ya)硅堆，串接(jie)在高壓(ya)回(hui)路中(zhong)(zhong)作半波整流(liu)(liu)，以獲得直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)高電壓(ya)。當用一短(duan)路桿將高壓(ya)硅堆短(duan)接(jie)時，可(ke)獲得工頻高電壓(ya)，作為交流(liu)(liu)輸出狀態(tai)(tai)；取消短(duan)路桿時，作為直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)輸出狀態(tai)(tai)。

試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器高(gao)壓(ya)套管中的高(gao)壓(ya)硅堆未(wei)畫(hua)出，其(qi)原理與上圖相同。

三(san)(san)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串級(ji)獲得更(geng)高電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)接(jie)線原(yuan)(yuan)理見圖4。串級(ji)高壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有很大(da)的(de)優越(yue)性，因為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)整個試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝置由幾(ji)臺(tai)單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)成，單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容量小(xiao)、電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低(di)(di)、重量輕，便于(yu)運(yun)輸和(he)安裝。它(ta)既然(ran)可(ke)串接(jie)成高出(chu)幾(ji)倍的(de)單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)組(zu)合使用，又(you)可(ke)分開成幾(ji)套單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)(dan)獨使用。整套裝置投(tou)資小(xiao)，經濟實(shi)惠。圖5中，在(zai)**級(ji)和(he)**級(ji)的(de)每個單(dan)(dan)元試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中都有一個勵磁(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)A1、C1和(he)A2、C2。在(zai)三(san)(san)臺(tai)串級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原(yuan)(yuan)理中，低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)源加在(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)初級(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)a1x1上(shang)(shang)，單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)都是(shi)V。勵磁(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)A1、C1給(gei)**級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)初級(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)供電(dian)；**級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)勵磁(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)A2、C2給(gei)第三(san)(san)級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)初級(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)供電(dian)。**級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)第三(san)(san)級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)箱(xiang)體分別處在(zai)對(dui)地為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1V和(he)2V的(de)高電(dian)位上(shang)(shang)，所以箱(xiang)體對(dui)地是(shi)絕(jue)緣的(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)箱(xiang)體是(shi)接(jie)地的(de)。這(zhe)樣**級(ji)、**級(ji)、第三(san)(san)級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)地的(de)額定(ding)輸出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)分別為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1V、2V、3V；其額定(ding)容量分別為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)3P、2P、1P。

YDQ系(xi)列(lie)高壓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓器做被試(shi)品的工頻耐壓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)使用接(jie)線原理圖見圖5。

圖中(zhong)：R1—限流電(dian)阻(zu)       FRC—阻(zu)容分壓器     RF—球間隙(xi)保(bao)護電(dian)阻(zu)     G—球間隙(xi)          CX—被試品

注：高壓尾必須可靠接地

工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)中限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻R1應根據試驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)額(e)定(ding)容(rong)量來(lai)選擇。如(ru)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)側額(e)定(ding)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在100～300mA時(shi)，可取0.5～1Ω/V(試驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya))；高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)側額(e)定(ding)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為(wei)1A以上時(shi)，可取1Ω/V(試驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya))。常用水電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻作(zuo)為(wei)限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，管子長度可按150kV/m考慮(lv)，管子粗細應具有足夠的(de)熱容(rong)量(水阻液配制方(fang)法：用蒸餾水加入(ru)適量硫(liu)酸銅配制成各種(zhong)不同的(de)阻值)。

球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隙及保護電(dian)阻：當電(dian)壓(ya)超過球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隙整定值時(shi)(一般取試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)110%~120%)，球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隙放電(dian)，對被試(shi)品起到保護作用。球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隙保護電(dian)阻可按(an)1Ω/V(試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya))選取。

在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中，低電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測量(liang)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是非常準確(que)的(de)(de)，其(qi)原因是由于(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)著漏抗(kang)(kang)，在(zai)(zai)這個漏抗(kang)(kang)上必然存(cun)在(zai)(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降或容升，使(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)上的(de)(de)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低于(yu)(yu)或高(gao)于(yu)(yu)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測量(liang)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表上反(fan)映(ying)出來的(de)(de)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工(gong)(gong)頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時(shi)，被試(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)上的(de)(de)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)輸出電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是所謂容升現(xian)象。感(gan)應耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時(shi)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)漏抗(kang)(kang)必然存(cun)在(zai)(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為了(le)準確(que)測量(liang)被試(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)上所施加的(de)(de)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此常在(zai)(zai)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)接入(ru)FRC阻(zu)容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)來測量(liang)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。

工頻(pin)耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗操(cao)作注意事(shi)項(xiang)

1）試(shi)驗人員應(ying)做好分(fen)工，明(ming)確相互間聯系方法。并有專門人監(jian)護現場**及觀察試(shi)品狀態(tai)。

2）被試品應先清掃(sao)干(gan)凈，并**干(gan)燥(zao)，以免損壞被試品和試驗(yan)帶來(lai)的(de)誤差。

3）對于大型試(shi)驗，一般都應先進(jin)行空升(sheng)試(shi)驗。即不(bu)接試(shi)品時升(sheng)壓至試(shi)驗電壓，校對各(ge)種表計，調整球間隙。

4）升(sheng)壓速度(du)不(bu)能太快，并必須防止突(tu)然加(jia)壓。例如調壓器不(bu)在(zai)零位時(shi)突(tu)然合閘(zha)。也不(bu)能突(tu)然切(qie)斷電源(yuan)，一般應在(zai)調壓器降至(zhi)零位時(shi)拉閘(zha)。

5）當電壓(ya)升(sheng)至試(shi)驗電壓(ya)時(shi)，開始計時(shi)，到1min后，迅(xun)速降(jiang)壓(ya)到1/3試(shi)驗電壓(ya)以(yi)下時(shi)，才(cai)能拉開電源。

6）在升壓或耐壓試驗(yan)過程(cheng)中，如(ru)發現下列不正(zheng)常(chang)情況時，應立即降壓，切(qie)斷電(dian)(dian)源。停止(zhi)試驗(yan)并(bing)查(cha)明原因：①電(dian)(dian)壓表指針擺動(dong)很大；②發現絕緣燒(shao)焦或冒煙；③被試品內(nei)有不正(zheng)常(chang)的聲音(yin)。

7）耐壓試(shi)驗(yan)前(qian)后應測量(liang)絕(jue)緣電阻(zu)，檢查絕(jue)緣情況。

試驗變壓器在做被試品(pin)的直流耐壓或泄露(lu)試驗時(shi)接線原理(li)圖如圖6。

注：此試驗應先抽出(chu)短路桿“D”，圖(tu)6中所示。

圖(tu)中：VD—高壓(ya)(ya)硅堆(dui)     R1—限(xian)流(liu)電阻      C1—高壓(ya)(ya)濾波(bo)電容    FRC—阻容分壓(ya)(ya)器     CX—被(bei)試品(pin)    μA—帶保護微安(an)表

泄露試驗中限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)R1選(xuan)擇在額定輸(shu)出電(dian)壓(ya)時，輸(shu)出端短路電(dian)流(liu)不超過(guo)高壓(ya)硅堆的*大整流(liu)。如電(dian)壓(ya)硅堆的*大整流(liu)電(dian)流(liu)為100mA時用于60kV的試驗裝置中，限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選(xuan)擇。限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)還應具有足夠的容(rong)量和沿(yan)面放電(dian)距離。

高(gao)壓濾波電容C1一般選(xuan)擇在0.01~0.1μF，當被(bei)試品(pin)的電容量很大時(shi)，C1可省略(lve)不用。

泄(xie)露試驗(yan)的操作(zuo)及注意事項(xiang)

1）試驗前應先(xian)檢查被試品是(shi)否停電，接(jie)地放電，一切對(dui)外連(lian)線是(shi)否擦干凈。要嚴防將試驗電壓(ya)加到有(you)人(ren)工作的(de)部位上去。

2）接好試(shi)驗裝置(zhi)的接線后(hou)(hou)，應復查(cha)(cha)無誤(wu)后(hou)(hou)才可(ke)加(jia)壓。應特別(bie)注意檢查(cha)(cha)高壓設(she)備及引(yin)線與(yu)地(di)、與(yu)操作人員的**距離，被試(shi)品(pin)的外(wai)殼是否可(ke)靠接地(di)，要按(an)**規程中所(suo)規定的內容進(jin)行試(shi)驗。

3）對于大(da)電(dian)容量設備(bei)應(ying)緩慢升壓，防止被試品(pin)的充電(dian)電(dian)流燒壞微安(an)表。必要時應(ying)分級(ji)加(jia)壓，分別讀取各級(ji)電(dian)壓下(xia)微安(an)表的穩定讀數。

4）試驗過程(cheng)中，應(ying)密切監(jian)視被試品、試驗裝置、微安表(biao)，一旦發生(sheng)擊穿(chuan)、閃爍等(deng)異常現象應(ying)立即降(jiang)壓(ya)，切斷電源，并(bing)查(cha)明原因，詳細(xi)記(ji)錄。

5）試(shi)驗完畢，降壓，切斷電源后(hou)應將被(bei)試(shi)品及(ji)試(shi)驗裝(zhuang)置本身充分放電。

四、WBYD-25KVA/100KV交流耐壓變壓器注意事項

1、按(an)照您所進行的(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)驗接(jie)好工作(zuo)線路。試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)器的(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)殼以(yi)及(ji)操作(zuo)系統的(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)殼必須可靠(kao)接(jie)地。試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)器高壓(ya)繞組(zu)的(de)(de)X端(高壓(ya)尾)以(yi)及(ji)測量繞組(zu)的(de)(de)F端必須可靠(kao)接(jie)地。

2、做串(chuan)級(ji)試(shi)驗時(shi)，**級(ji)、第三(san)級(ji)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器的(de)(de)低壓(ya)繞組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)X端，測量繞組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)F端以及(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)繞組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)X端(高(gao)壓(ya)尾)均接(jie)本級(ji)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器的(de)(de)外殼。**級(ji)、第三(san)級(ji)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器的(de)(de)外殼必須通過(guo)絕緣(yuan)支架接(jie)地。

3、接通(tong)電源(yuan)前(qian)，操作系(xi)統的調(diao)壓(ya)器必(bi)須調(diao)到零位后方(fang)可接通(tong)電源(yuan)，合閘(zha)，開始升壓(ya)。

4、從零開(kai)始均勻旋轉(zhuan)調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器手輪升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方法(fa)(fa)有：快速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)，即(ji)20s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)；慢速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)，即(ji)60s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)；極慢速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)供選(xuan)用。電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)從零開(kai)始按一定的(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方式和速(su)度上升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您(nin)所需的(de)(de)額定試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)75%后，在以每秒2%額定試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)速(su)度升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您(nin)所需的(de)(de)額定電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，并密(mi)切注意測(ce)量(liang)儀表的(de)(de)指示以及被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)的(de)(de)情況(kuang)(kuang)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過(guo)程中或試(shi)驗過(guo)程中如(ru)發現測(ce)量(liang)儀表的(de)(de)指示及被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)情況(kuang)(kuang)異常(chang)，應立即(ji)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，切斷電(dian)源(yuan)，查明情況(kuang)(kuang)。

5、試驗完畢后(hou)，應在數秒內(nei)勻速(su)的(de)將調(diao)壓器返回至(zhi)零位，然后(hou)切斷電源。

6、本產(chan)品不得超過額定參數使用。除試(shi)驗必須外，決(jue)不允許全電(dian)壓(ya)通電(dian)或斷電(dian)。

7、再升壓或耐壓試驗(yan)過程中，如發(fa)現以下不正常情況時(shi)，應立即降壓，切斷電源(yuan)，停止試驗(yan)并查明原因。

⑴電(dian)壓表指針擺動(或數字跳動)很大

⑵電流表直線上升

被試品內有不正常的聲音

8、圖(tu)1中第9項系壓(ya)力閥(fa)(fa)及壓(ya)力表，為長期(qi)關閉狀態。每6個月開(kai)閥(fa)(fa)一次，以(yi)檢(jian)查SF6壓(ya)力，應(ying)不小(xiao)于0.2MPa(檢(jian)查壓(ya)力后立即關閉閥(fa)(fa)門)，低于0.2MPa時應(ying)加SF6氣體，以(yi)增加氣絕緣。

9、耐壓實驗前后應測量被試設備的絕緣(yuan)電阻，檢查絕緣(yuan)情況。

10、當試(shi)驗變壓器長期不使用時，應放置于(yu)通風、干燥、無陽光(guang)直射的(de)地方(fang)。

11、該(gai)產品不允許在(zai)高于45℃的溫度(du)下長期存放(fang)、使(shi)用(yong)、放(fang)氣(qi)。

12、運輸搬(ban)運途中(zhong)不得重力(li)沖擊。

13、產(chan)品緊固件及壓力閥、壓力表不得擅自松(song)動。

14、使用本(ben)產品做高壓(ya)試(shi)驗時，出熟悉本(ben)說明(ming)書外，還必須嚴(yan)格執行國(guo)家(jia)有關標準和操作規(gui)程。可(ke)參照GB311-83《高壓(ya)輸變設備的(de)絕緣配(pei)合，高壓(ya)試(shi)驗技術》；《電氣設備預防性試(shi)驗規(gui)程》等。

五、WBYD-25KVA/100KV交流耐壓變壓器容量選擇

標稱試驗變壓器容量Pn的確定公(gong)式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9

式(shi)中：

Pn——標稱試驗變壓器容量(kVA)

Vn——試(shi)驗變(bian)壓器的額定輸(shu)出高壓的有效值(zhi)(kV)

k ——**系數(shu)。k≥1，標(biao)稱(cheng)電(dian)壓Vn≥1MV時，k=2；標(biao)稱(cheng)電(dian)壓較低時，k值(zhi)可取高一些。

Ct——被試(shi)品的電容量(pF)

ω——角頻率(lv)，ω=2πf， f——試(shi)驗電源的頻率(lv)

被試設備的(de)電(dian)容量(liang)Ct可由(you)交流(liu)電(dian)橋(qiao)測(ce)出。Ct的(de)變化很大，

可由設備的類型而定。

典型數據如(ru)下：

簡單(dan)的棒(bang)式或懸式絕緣子             幾十微(wei)法

簡單的分級(ji)套管                     100～1000pF

電壓(ya)互感器                         200 ～ 500pF

電力變壓(ya)器       < 1000kVA ～1000pF

> 1000kVA        1000～10000pF

高(gao)壓電(dian)力電(dian)纜和(he)油(you)浸紙絕(jue)緣           250～300pF/m

氣體絕緣     &nbsp;         &nbsp;           ～60pF/m

封閉變電(dian)站，SF6氣(qi)體(ti)絕(jue)緣       &nbsp;    100～10000Pf;

對(dui)于不(bu)同的(de)(de)試驗電壓(ya)Vn，選擇(ze)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(適當的(de)(de))**系數k。

以下列(lie)出不同的Vn所選用的k值供參考(kao)。

Vn =50~100kV  ;      k = 4

Vn =150~300kV       k = 3

Vn > 300kV  &nbsp;       k = 2