一(yi)、WBYD-20KVA/100KV交流耐壓發生器概述

YDQ系(xi)(xi)列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器是(shi)(shi)根據(ju)《試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器》標(biao)(biao)準，在(zai)(zai)油(you)浸式試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上而設(she)計生產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)(qi)體具(ju)有良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)性能(neng)及優(you)異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滅弧性能(neng)，其耐壓(ya)(ya)強度(du)為同(tong)一(yi)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)下(xia)氮氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍，擊(ji)(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍。在(zai)(zai)0.25MPa下(xia)與(yu)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)相等(deng)，在(zai)(zai)0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)力(li)下(xia)是(shi)(shi)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍，是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種優(you)于油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)一(yi)代超高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)絕(jue)緣(yuan)介質材料。該產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)技術要求完全符(fu)合(he)《ZBK-41006-89》標(biao)(biao)準，它是(shi)(shi)油(you)浸式輕型試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)換代產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)。該產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)具(ju)有體積小(xiao)、重量輕、不受(shou)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)變(bian)化影響、電(dian)暈(yun)小(xiao)、現場(chang)搬運(yun)無(wu)需靜止可使用，使用壽(shou)命長、免維修(xiu)等(deng)特點(dian)。適(shi)用于電(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統、工礦(kuang)企業、科研部(bu)門等(deng)對各種高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設(she)備(bei)、電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)元件、絕(jue)緣(yuan)材料進行工頻或直流高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)強度(du)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。

二、WBYD-20KVA/100KV交流耐壓發生器產品結構

YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器采用單框芯式(shi)(shi)鐵芯結(jie)構(gou)，初(chu)級繞(rao)組(zu)繞(rao)在鐵芯上，高壓(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)在外，這種(zhong)同軸布置(zhi)減少了漏磁通，因而增大了繞(rao)組(zu)間的耦合。產品的外殼(ke)為(wei)圓柱灌式(shi)(shi)容器結(jie)構(gou)，能耐受0.8MPa以上壓(ya)力(li)。其結(jie)構(gou)見圖1：

三、WBYD-20KVA/100KV交流耐壓發生器工作原理

YDQ系(xi)列(lie)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)為(wei)單相變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)，聯結組標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用工頻220V(10kVA以上為(wei)380V)電源(yuan)接入 (為(wei)本公司生產的(de)試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)配套專(zhuan)用設備(bei)，詳細資料請見其具體使用說明(ming)書)系(xi)列(lie)操作箱(臺)，經操作箱內自偶調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(50kVA以上調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)外(wai)附)調(diao)節至0～200V(或(huo)0～400V)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輸出(chu)至YDQ試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)初級繞組，根據電磁(ci)感應(ying)原理，在(zai)試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)繞組可獲得試(shi)(shi)驗所需的(de)高(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。

單臺YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器的工作原理圖(tu)見圖(tu)2。

單臺YDQ系列交直流高壓(ya)(ya)試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)理圖見(jian)圖3，圖中(zhong)(zhong)高壓(ya)(ya)套管(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)裝有高壓(ya)(ya)硅(gui)(gui)堆，串(chuan)接(jie)在高壓(ya)(ya)回路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)作(zuo)(zuo)半波整(zheng)流，以獲得直流高電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。當(dang)用一短(duan)(duan)路(lu)桿將高壓(ya)(ya)硅(gui)(gui)堆短(duan)(duan)接(jie)時，可獲得工(gong)頻高電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，作(zuo)(zuo)為交流輸出狀(zhuang)態；取消短(duan)(duan)路(lu)桿時，作(zuo)(zuo)為直流輸出狀(zhuang)態。

試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)套管中的高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)硅堆未畫出，其(qi)原理與(yu)上圖相同(tong)。

三(san)(san)(san)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)串(chuan)(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更高電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)接線原理見(jian)圖4。串(chuan)(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)很大的(de)(de)優(you)越(yue)性，因為(wei)(wei)(wei)整個(ge)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)由幾臺單(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)成，單(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)容(rong)量小、電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重(zhong)量輕(qing)，便于運輸和安(an)裝(zhuang)。它既然(ran)可串(chuan)(chuan)接成高出(chu)幾倍的(de)(de)單(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)合使用(yong)，又可分開(kai)成幾套單(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)獨使用(yong)。整套裝(zhuang)置(zhi)投資小，經(jing)濟(ji)實(shi)惠。圖5中，在(zai)(zai)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)每個(ge)單(dan)元試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中都(dou)有(you)一個(ge)勵(li)磁(ci)(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)A1、C1和A2、C2。在(zai)(zai)三(san)(san)(san)臺串(chuan)(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原理中，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)源加(jia)在(zai)(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)a1x1上，單(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)V。勵(li)磁(ci)(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)A1、C1給**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)供電(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)勵(li)磁(ci)(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)A2、C2給第三(san)(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)供電(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和第三(san)(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)箱體分別處在(zai)(zai)對(dui)(dui)地(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1V和2V的(de)(de)高電(dian)(dian)位上，所以(yi)箱體對(dui)(dui)地(di)是(shi)(shi)絕緣的(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)箱體是(shi)(shi)接地(di)的(de)(de)。這(zhe)樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第三(san)(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)(dui)地(di)的(de)(de)額定輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分別為(wei)(wei)(wei)1V、2V、3V；其額定容(rong)量分別為(wei)(wei)(wei)3P、2P、1P。

YDQ系列高壓試驗變(bian)壓器(qi)做被試品的工(gong)頻耐壓試驗使用接線原理圖見圖5。

圖中：R1—限流電阻(zu)       FRC—阻(zu)容分壓器     RF—球間(jian)隙(xi)保護電阻(zu)     G—球間(jian)隙(xi)          CX—被(bei)試品

注：高壓尾必(bi)須可靠接(jie)地(di)

工頻(pin)耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗中限流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)R1應根據試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器的額(e)定(ding)容(rong)量來選擇。如高壓(ya)側額(e)定(ding)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)在(zai)100～300mA時，可(ke)(ke)取0.5～1Ω/V(試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya))；高壓(ya)側額(e)定(ding)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)為1A以上時，可(ke)(ke)取1Ω/V(試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya))。常用(yong)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)作為限流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，管(guan)子長度可(ke)(ke)按150kV/m考慮，管(guan)子粗細應具有足夠的熱容(rong)量(水(shui)阻(zu)(zu)液配制方法：用(yong)蒸餾水(shui)加入適(shi)量硫(liu)酸銅配制成(cheng)各種(zhong)不同的阻(zu)(zu)值)。

球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)及保(bao)(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)阻：當電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)超過球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)整定值時(shi)(一般取試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的110%~120%)，球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)放電(dian)(dian)，對被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)起到(dao)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)作用。球(qiu)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)阻可(ke)按(an)1Ω/V(試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya))選取。

在(zai)(zai)工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中，低電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不(bu)是非常準確的(de)(de)(de)(de)，其原(yuan)因(yin)是由于(yu)(yu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器存在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)漏(lou)抗，在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)個漏(lou)抗上(shang)(shang)必然(ran)存在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降或(huo)容升(sheng)，使(shi)試(shi)品(pin)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低于(yu)(yu)或(huo)高(gao)于(yu)(yu)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表上(shang)(shang)反映出來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時，被試(shi)品(pin)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于(yu)(yu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是所謂容升(sheng)現象。感應(ying)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時，試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)漏(lou)抗必然(ran)存在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為了準確測(ce)量被試(shi)品(pin)上(shang)(shang)所施加的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因(yin)此常在(zai)(zai)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側接入FRC阻容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器來(lai)測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。

工(gong)頻耐壓試驗操作注意(yi)事項

1）試驗(yan)人員應做(zuo)好(hao)分工，明確相互(hu)間聯(lian)系(xi)方法。并有專(zhuan)門人監護現(xian)場**及觀察試品(pin)狀態。

2）被試品(pin)應先清掃干凈，并(bing)**干燥，以免損壞被試品(pin)和試驗帶來(lai)的誤差(cha)。

3）對于大(da)型試驗，一般都(dou)應先進(jin)行空(kong)升試驗。即不接(jie)試品(pin)時升壓(ya)至(zhi)試驗電壓(ya)，校對各種表計(ji)，調整球間隙。

4）升壓(ya)速度不(bu)能太快，并必須防止突(tu)然(ran)加壓(ya)。例如(ru)調壓(ya)器(qi)不(bu)在(zai)零位時(shi)突(tu)然(ran)合閘。也不(bu)能突(tu)然(ran)切斷電(dian)源，一(yi)般應在(zai)調壓(ya)器(qi)降至零位時(shi)拉閘。

5）當(dang)電(dian)壓(ya)升至試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)，開(kai)始(shi)計時(shi)，到1min后，迅速(su)降(jiang)壓(ya)到1/3試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)以下時(shi)，才能拉開(kai)電(dian)源。

6）在升壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試驗過(guo)程中，如(ru)發(fa)現下列(lie)不正常情況時，應立即(ji)降壓(ya)，切斷電源。停止試驗并查明原(yuan)因：①電壓(ya)表(biao)指(zhi)針擺動很大；②發(fa)現絕緣燒焦(jiao)或冒煙；③被(bei)試品內有不正常的聲音。

7）耐壓(ya)試驗前后應測(ce)量絕(jue)緣電阻，檢查絕(jue)緣情況。

試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓器在做被試(shi)品的直(zhi)流耐壓或泄露試(shi)驗(yan)時接線原理(li)圖如圖6。

注：此試驗應先抽(chou)出短路桿“D”，圖(tu)6中所(suo)示。

圖中(zhong)：VD—高壓(ya)硅堆   ;  R1—限流電(dian)阻(zu)      C1—高壓(ya)濾波電(dian)容(rong)    FRC—阻(zu)容(rong)分壓(ya)器     CX—被試品(pin)    μA—帶保護微(wei)安(an)表

泄露試驗中(zhong)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R1選擇(ze)在額(e)定輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時，輸(shu)出端短(duan)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不(bu)超過高壓硅堆的(de)*大整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)。如電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓硅堆的(de)*大整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)100mA時用于60kV的(de)試驗裝(zhuang)置(zhi)中(zhong)，限(xian)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)按(an)R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇(ze)。限(xian)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)還應具(ju)有足夠的(de)容量(liang)和(he)沿(yan)面放電(dian)(dian)(dian)距離(li)。

高壓濾波電容(rong)(rong)C1一般選擇在0.01~0.1μF，當被試品的電容(rong)(rong)量很(hen)大時，C1可(ke)省略(lve)不用。

泄露試驗的操作及注(zhu)意(yi)事項

1）試驗前(qian)應先檢(jian)查被試品是否停電，接地(di)放電，一(yi)切對外連線是否擦干凈。要嚴防將試驗電壓加到有人工作的(de)部(bu)位(wei)上(shang)去。

2）接好試驗(yan)裝置的(de)接線后，應復查無(wu)誤(wu)后才可(ke)加壓。應特別注意檢查高壓設備及引線與(yu)地(di)、與(yu)操作人員的(de)**距離，被(bei)試品的(de)外殼是否可(ke)靠接地(di)，要按**規(gui)程中所(suo)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)內容(rong)進行試驗(yan)。

3）對于大(da)電(dian)容量(liang)設備應緩(huan)慢(man)升壓，防止(zhi)被試品的充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流燒壞微安(an)表(biao)。必(bi)要時應分級加壓，分別(bie)讀取各(ge)級電(dian)壓下微安(an)表(biao)的穩定讀數。

4）試驗(yan)過(guo)程中，應密切監視被(bei)試品(pin)、試驗(yan)裝置、微安表，一旦發生擊(ji)穿、閃(shan)爍等(deng)異(yi)常現象應立(li)即降壓，切斷電源，并查明原因，詳細記錄。

5）試(shi)驗(yan)完畢，降壓，切斷電(dian)源后應將(jiang)被試(shi)品及試(shi)驗(yan)裝置本身充分放電(dian)。

四、WBYD-20KVA/100KV交流耐壓發生器注意事項

1、按照您所進行的(de)(de)試(shi)驗接(jie)好工作線(xian)路。試(shi)驗變壓器的(de)(de)外殼(ke)以及操作系統的(de)(de)外殼(ke)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)可靠接(jie)地(di)。試(shi)驗變壓器高壓繞(rao)組的(de)(de)X端(高壓尾)以及測量繞(rao)組的(de)(de)F端必(bi)(bi)須(xu)可靠接(jie)地(di)。

2、做串(chuan)級試(shi)驗時，**級、第(di)三級試(shi)驗變(bian)壓器(qi)的低壓繞(rao)組(zu)的X端，測(ce)量繞(rao)組(zu)的F端以(yi)及(ji)高壓繞(rao)組(zu)的X端(高壓尾(wei))均接本級試(shi)驗變(bian)壓器(qi)的外殼(ke)(ke)。**級、第(di)三級試(shi)驗變(bian)壓器(qi)的外殼(ke)(ke)必(bi)須通過絕緣支架接地。

3、接通(tong)電源(yuan)前，操(cao)作系統(tong)的(de)調(diao)壓器必須調(diao)到零位后方(fang)可接通(tong)電源(yuan)，合(he)閘，開始升壓。

4、從(cong)零(ling)開始(shi)均勻旋轉(zhuan)調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)手輪升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)有：快(kuai)速升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)，即(ji)20s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)；慢速升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)，即(ji)60s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)；極慢速升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)供選用(yong)。電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)從(cong)零(ling)開始(shi)按一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)式(shi)和速度上升(sheng)(sheng)到您所需的(de)(de)額定(ding)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)75%后，在以每秒2%額定(ding)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)速度升(sheng)(sheng)到您所需的(de)(de)額定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，并密切注意測量(liang)儀表的(de)(de)指(zhi)示以及被試(shi)(shi)品的(de)(de)情況(kuang)(kuang)。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過(guo)程中或試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)過(guo)程中如發(fa)現(xian)測量(liang)儀表的(de)(de)指(zhi)示及被試(shi)(shi)品情況(kuang)(kuang)異常，應立即(ji)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，切斷電(dian)源，查明(ming)情況(kuang)(kuang)。

5、試驗完畢后，應(ying)在(zai)數(shu)秒內勻速的將調(diao)壓器返回至(zhi)零位，然后切斷電源。

6、本產品不得超過額定參(can)數使用(yong)。除(chu)試(shi)驗必須(xu)外，決(jue)不允許全電(dian)(dian)壓通電(dian)(dian)或斷電(dian)(dian)。

7、再升壓或耐壓試(shi)驗(yan)過程(cheng)中，如發(fa)現以(yi)下不正常情況時(shi)，應(ying)立即降壓，切斷電源(yuan)，停止試(shi)驗(yan)并查明原因。

⑴電壓表指針擺動(dong)(或數字跳動(dong))很大(da)

⑵電流表(biao)直線上升(sheng)

被試(shi)品內有不正常的聲音

8、圖1中(zhong)第(di)9項系壓力閥及(ji)壓力表，為(wei)長期關閉狀態。每6個(ge)月開閥一次，以檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)SF6壓力，應不小于0.2MPa(檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)壓力后(hou)立即關閉閥門)，低于0.2MPa時應加SF6氣體，以增加氣絕緣。

9、耐(nai)壓實驗前后(hou)應測量被(bei)試設備的絕緣電阻，檢查(cha)絕緣情況。

10、當試驗變壓器長期不使用時，應(ying)放置于通風、干燥、無陽光直射的地方。

11、該(gai)產品不允許在高于45℃的(de)溫(wen)度下(xia)長期(qi)存放、使用、放氣。

12、運輸(shu)搬運途(tu)中不(bu)得(de)重(zhong)力沖擊。

13、產品緊(jin)固件及壓(ya)力閥、壓(ya)力表不得擅自松(song)動。

14、使用(yong)本產品做(zuo)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時，出(chu)熟(shu)悉本說明(ming)書外(wai)，還必須嚴格(ge)執行國家有關(guan)標準和操作規程。可(ke)參照GB311-83《高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)輸變(bian)設備的絕(jue)緣配合，高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)技術》；《電氣(qi)設備預防性試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)規程》等。

五、WBYD-20KVA/100KV交流耐壓發生器容量選擇

標稱試驗變壓(ya)器容量Pn的確定(ding)公(gong)式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9

式中：

Pn——標稱試驗變壓器容(rong)量(kVA)

Vn——試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器的額定輸(shu)出高壓(ya)的有效(xiao)值(kV)

k ——**系(xi)數。k≥1，標稱電壓Vn≥1MV時，k=2；標稱電壓較(jiao)低時，k值可取高(gao)一些。

Ct——被試品的(de)電容量(pF)

ω——角頻率，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源的頻率

被試(shi)設備的電容量Ct可由(you)交(jiao)流電橋(qiao)測出。Ct的變化很(hen)大，

可(ke)由設(she)備的類型而定。

典型數據如下(xia)：

簡單的棒式或懸式絕緣(yuan)子    ;         幾十微法

簡單的(de)分級(ji)套管               ;      100～1000pF

電壓互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)                         200 ～ 500pF

電力變(bian)壓器  ;     < 1000kVA ～1000pF

> 1000kVA       &nbsp;1000～10000pF

高壓(ya)電力電纜和(he)油(you)浸紙絕緣           250～300pF/m

氣體(ti)絕緣   &nbsp;                       ～60pF/m

封閉變電站，SF6氣體(ti)絕(jue)緣            100～10000Pf;

對于(yu)不同的(de)試(shi)驗電壓Vn，選(xuan)擇不同的(de)(適當的(de))**系(xi)數k。

以下(xia)列出不同(tong)的Vn所選(xuan)用的k值供參考。

Vn =50~100kV        k = 4

Vn =150~300kV       k = 3

Vn > 300kV      ;    k = 2