一(yi)、WBYD-20KVA/100KV便攜式高壓試驗變壓器概述

YDQ系列高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器是(shi)根據《試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器》標準，在油(you)浸式(shi)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)基礎上而設計生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)具(ju)有良好的(de)(de)電氣(qi)(qi)(qi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)性(xing)能及優(you)異的(de)(de)滅(mie)弧性(xing)能，其耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)強度為(wei)同一壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)氮氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)2.5倍(bei)，擊(ji)穿電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)2.5倍(bei)。在0.25MPa下(xia)與油(you)的(de)(de)擊(ji)穿電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)相等(deng)(deng)，在0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)是(shi)油(you)的(de)(de)擊(ji)穿電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)2倍(bei)，是(shi)一種優(you)于油(you)的(de)(de)新一代超高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)絕(jue)緣(yuan)介質材(cai)料(liao)。該(gai)產(chan)(chan)品技(ji)術(shu)要(yao)求完全符(fu)合《ZBK-41006-89》標準，它是(shi)油(you)浸式(shi)輕型試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)換(huan)代產(chan)(chan)品。該(gai)產(chan)(chan)品具(ju)有體(ti)(ti)積小(xiao)、重量(liang)輕、不受氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候變化影響、電暈(yun)小(xiao)、現場(chang)搬運(yun)無需靜止可使用，使用壽命長、免維修(xiu)等(deng)(deng)特點(dian)。適用于電力系統、工(gong)(gong)礦企業、科研(yan)部門等(deng)(deng)對(dui)各(ge)種高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電氣(qi)(qi)(qi)設備、電氣(qi)(qi)(qi)元件、絕(jue)緣(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)進行工(gong)(gong)頻或(huo)直流(liu)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)的(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)強度試(shi)驗。

二、WBYD-20KVA/100KV便攜式高壓試驗變壓器產品結構

YDQ系列(lie)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器采用(yong)單框芯式(shi)鐵(tie)芯結構(gou)，初級繞組繞在(zai)鐵(tie)芯上(shang)，高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)繞組在(zai)外，這種同軸(zhou)布置減少(shao)了(le)漏磁(ci)通，因(yin)而(er)增大了(le)繞組間的耦合(he)。產品(pin)的外殼為圓柱灌式(shi)容器結構(gou)，能耐(nai)受0.8MPa以(yi)上(shang)壓(ya)(ya)力。其結構(gou)見圖1：

三、WBYD-20KVA/100KV便攜式高壓試驗變壓器工作原理

YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)為單(dan)相變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)，聯結組標號(hao)Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用(yong)工頻220V(10kVA以上為380V)電源接入 (為本(ben)公(gong)司生產的試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)配套(tao)專(zhuan)用(yong)設備，詳(xiang)細資(zi)料請見其具體使用(yong)說明(ming)書)系列操(cao)作(zuo)箱(臺(tai))，經操(cao)作(zuo)箱內自偶調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(50kVA以上調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)外附)調節(jie)至0～200V(或0～400V)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輸出至YDQ試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的初級繞(rao)組，根據電磁感應原理，在試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組可獲得試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)所需的高(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。

單臺YDQ系列高壓試驗變壓器的工作(zuo)原理(li)圖(tu)見圖(tu)2。

單臺(tai)YDQ系列交直流高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器的工作(zuo)原理圖(tu)見圖(tu)3，圖(tu)中高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)套管中裝有高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)硅(gui)堆(dui)，串(chuan)接(jie)在(zai)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)回路(lu)中作(zuo)半波整流，以獲(huo)得(de)直流高(gao)(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。當用一短(duan)路(lu)桿將高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)硅(gui)堆(dui)短(duan)接(jie)時，可獲(huo)得(de)工頻高(gao)(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，作(zuo)為(wei)交流輸出(chu)狀(zhuang)態；取消短(duan)路(lu)桿時，作(zuo)為(wei)直流輸出(chu)狀(zhuang)態。

試(shi)驗變(bian)壓器高壓套管中的(de)高壓硅堆未畫(hua)出，其原理與上圖相同。

三(san)(san)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更(geng)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)線原(yuan)理見圖4。串級(ji)(ji)(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優越性(xing)，因為整(zheng)個試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝置由幾臺(tai)(tai)單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)，單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)小、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)、重量(liang)輕，便(bian)于運輸和(he)(he)安裝。它既(ji)然可(ke)串接(jie)成(cheng)高(gao)出(chu)幾倍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)合使用，又可(ke)分(fen)開成(cheng)幾套(tao)單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)獨使用。整(zheng)套(tao)裝置投資小，經(jing)濟實惠。圖5中(zhong)，在**級(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每個單(dan)元(yuan)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)都有一(yi)個勵(li)磁繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)A1、C1和(he)(he)A2、C2。在三(san)(san)臺(tai)(tai)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原(yuan)理中(zhong)，低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源加(jia)在試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)a1x1上(shang)，單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都是V。勵(li)磁繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)A1、C1給**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勵(li)磁繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)A2、C2給第(di)三(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)(he)第(di)三(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)箱體分(fen)別處在對地為1V和(he)(he)2V的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位上(shang)，所以箱體對地是絕緣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)箱體是接(jie)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)三(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)定輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)別為1V、2V、3V；其(qi)額(e)定容(rong)(rong)量(liang)分(fen)別為3P、2P、1P。

YDQ系列高壓試驗變壓器(qi)做被試品的工(gong)頻耐(nai)壓試驗使用接線原理圖見圖5。

圖中(zhong)：R1—限(xian)流電阻(zu)       FRC—阻(zu)容分壓器     RF—球間(jian)隙(xi)保護(hu)電阻(zu)     G—球間(jian)隙(xi)          CX—被試品

注：高壓尾必須(xu)可(ke)靠接地

工(gong)頻(pin)耐壓試(shi)(shi)驗中限(xian)流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)R1應根據試(shi)(shi)驗變壓器的額定(ding)(ding)容量(liang)來選擇。如高(gao)壓側額定(ding)(ding)輸出電(dian)(dian)流在(zai)100～300mA時(shi)，可取0.5～1Ω/V(試(shi)(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓)；高(gao)壓側額定(ding)(ding)輸出電(dian)(dian)流為1A以上(shang)時(shi)，可取1Ω/V(試(shi)(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓)。常(chang)用水(shui)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)作為限(xian)流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，管(guan)子長度可按150kV/m考慮，管(guan)子粗細應具有足夠(gou)的熱容量(liang)(水(shui)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)液配制方法(fa)：用蒸餾水(shui)加入適量(liang)硫酸銅配制成(cheng)各(ge)種不同的阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)值)。

球(qiu)(qiu)間隙及(ji)保(bao)(bao)護電(dian)(dian)阻：當電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)超(chao)過球(qiu)(qiu)間隙整定值時(一(yi)般取試驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的110%~120%)，球(qiu)(qiu)間隙放電(dian)(dian)，對被試品起到保(bao)(bao)護作用。球(qiu)(qiu)間隙保(bao)(bao)護電(dian)(dian)阻可按1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya))選取。

在(zai)工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)中，低電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya))不(bu)是非(fei)常準(zhun)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，其原因是由于(yu)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)存在(zai)著(zhu)漏(lou)抗，在(zai)這個漏(lou)抗上必(bi)(bi)然(ran)(ran)存在(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)或(huo)容升，使試(shi)(shi)品(pin)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)低于(yu)或(huo)高于(yu)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)表上反(fan)映出(chu)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時，被試(shi)(shi)品(pin)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高于(yu)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就(jiu)是所謂容升現象。感應耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時，試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)漏(lou)抗必(bi)(bi)然(ran)(ran)存在(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)。為(wei)了準(zhun)確(que)測(ce)量(liang)被試(shi)(shi)品(pin)上所施加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此(ci)常在(zai)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側接入(ru)FRC阻容分(fen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)來測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。

工頻耐壓試驗(yan)操作注意事項(xiang)

1）試(shi)驗人員應做好分工(gong)，明確(que)相互間聯系方法(fa)。并有專門人監護現場**及觀(guan)察試(shi)品狀(zhuang)態。

2）被試品(pin)應先清掃干(gan)凈，并**干(gan)燥，以免損壞被試品(pin)和試驗(yan)帶(dai)來的誤(wu)差。

3）對(dui)于大(da)型試驗，一般都應先進(jin)行空(kong)升(sheng)試驗。即不接試品時(shi)升(sheng)壓至試驗電壓，校對(dui)各種表計，調整球(qiu)間隙。

4）升壓速度不(bu)(bu)能(neng)太快，并必須防止突(tu)(tu)然加壓。例如調壓器不(bu)(bu)在零(ling)位時(shi)突(tu)(tu)然合(he)閘。也不(bu)(bu)能(neng)突(tu)(tu)然切斷電源(yuan)，一般應(ying)在調壓器降至(zhi)零(ling)位時(shi)拉閘。

5）當電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)升至試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時，開始計時，到(dao)1min后，迅速降壓(ya)到(dao)1/3試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)以下時，才能拉開電(dian)(dian)源。

6）在升壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗過程(cheng)中，如(ru)發(fa)現下列不(bu)正常(chang)情況時(shi)，應立即(ji)降(jiang)壓(ya)，切斷(duan)電源。停(ting)止(zhi)試(shi)驗并查明原因：①電壓(ya)表指針擺動很大(da)；②發(fa)現絕緣燒焦(jiao)或冒煙；③被試(shi)品內有不(bu)正常(chang)的聲(sheng)音。

7）耐壓試(shi)驗前(qian)后應測(ce)量絕(jue)緣電阻，檢(jian)查絕(jue)緣情況。

試驗(yan)變壓器(qi)在做被試品(pin)的直流耐壓或泄露試驗(yan)時(shi)接線原理圖(tu)如圖(tu)6。

注：此試驗應先抽出短路(lu)桿“D”，圖6中(zhong)所示。

圖中：VD—高(gao)(gao)壓硅堆(dui)     R1—限流電(dian)阻      C1—高(gao)(gao)壓濾波(bo)電(dian)容(rong)    FRC—阻容(rong)分壓器  ;   CX—被試品    μA—帶(dai)保護(hu)微安表(biao)

泄露試驗(yan)中(zhong)限流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻R1選擇(ze)在(zai)額定輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時，輸出端短路電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)不超過高壓(ya)硅堆(dui)(dui)的*大整流(liu)(liu)(liu)。如電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)硅堆(dui)(dui)的*大整流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)為(wei)100mA時用(yong)于60kV的試驗(yan)裝(zhuang)置中(zhong)，限流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻按(an)R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇(ze)。限流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻還應(ying)具有足夠的容量和沿面放電(dian)(dian)距離。

高壓濾(lv)波電容(rong)C1一般選擇在0.01~0.1μF，當被試品的電容(rong)量很(hen)大時，C1可(ke)省略不用。

泄露試驗的操(cao)作及注意事(shi)項(xiang)

1）試(shi)(shi)驗前應先(xian)檢查被試(shi)(shi)品是否(fou)停(ting)電，接地(di)放電，一(yi)切對外連線是否(fou)擦干凈。要嚴防將試(shi)(shi)驗電壓加到有人(ren)工作的(de)部位上去。

2）接好試驗裝置的(de)(de)接線(xian)后(hou)(hou)，應(ying)復查無誤后(hou)(hou)才可(ke)加壓。應(ying)特別注意檢查高壓設備及(ji)引(yin)線(xian)與地、與操(cao)作(zuo)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)**距離，被試品的(de)(de)外殼(ke)是否可(ke)靠(kao)接地，要按(an)**規程中所規定的(de)(de)內容(rong)進(jin)行試驗。

3）對于(yu)大電容量(liang)設備應緩慢升壓，防(fang)止被(bei)試品(pin)的充(chong)電電流燒壞微安(an)表。必(bi)要時(shi)應分級(ji)加壓，分別讀取各級(ji)電壓下微安(an)表的穩定(ding)讀數。

4）試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)過程中，應密切監視被試(shi)(shi)品(pin)、試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)裝(zhuang)置、微安表(biao)，一旦(dan)發生擊穿(chuan)、閃(shan)爍等異常現象應立即降壓，切斷電源，并查明原因，詳細記錄。

5）試驗完畢，降壓(ya)，切斷電源(yuan)后應將被試品及(ji)試驗裝置本(ben)身充分放電。

四、WBYD-20KVA/100KV便攜式高壓試驗變壓器注意事項

1、按照您所進行的試(shi)驗(yan)接好工作線路。試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器的外殼(ke)以(yi)(yi)及操作系統的外殼(ke)必須可(ke)(ke)靠接地(di)。試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器高壓繞組(zu)的X端(duan)(高壓尾)以(yi)(yi)及測量(liang)繞組(zu)的F端(duan)必須可(ke)(ke)靠接地(di)。

2、做串級(ji)試驗時(shi)，**級(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)試驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)繞組的(de)(de)(de)X端，測(ce)量繞組的(de)(de)(de)F端以及高壓(ya)(ya)繞組的(de)(de)(de)X端(高壓(ya)(ya)尾(wei))均接本級(ji)試驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)外殼。**級(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)試驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)外殼必須通過絕(jue)緣支(zhi)架接地。

3、接(jie)通電源前，操作系統(tong)的調壓器必(bi)須調到(dao)零位(wei)后(hou)方可(ke)接(jie)通電源，合閘，開始升壓。

4、從零開始均勻旋轉調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器手(shou)輪(lun)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方法(fa)有：快速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即(ji)20s逐(zhu)級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；慢速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即(ji)60s逐(zhu)級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；極慢速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)供(gong)選(xuan)用(yong)。電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)從零開始按一定(ding)的(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方式(shi)和速(su)度上升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)(dao)您所需的(de)(de)額定(ding)試(shi)(shi)驗電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)75%后，在(zai)以每(mei)秒2%額定(ding)試(shi)(shi)驗電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)速(su)度升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)(dao)您所需的(de)(de)額定(ding)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，并密切注意測(ce)量儀(yi)表的(de)(de)指示(shi)以及被試(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過(guo)程中或試(shi)(shi)驗過(guo)程中如發現測(ce)量儀(yi)表的(de)(de)指示(shi)及被試(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)異常，應立即(ji)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，切斷電源，查(cha)明情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)。

5、試驗完畢后，應在數(shu)秒內勻速(su)的將調壓器返回至(zhi)零位，然后切斷(duan)電(dian)源。

6、本產品(pin)不得超(chao)過額(e)定(ding)參數使用。除試驗必(bi)須(xu)外，決不允許全電壓通電或(huo)斷電。

7、再升壓或耐壓試驗過程中，如發現以下(xia)不正常情(qing)況時，應(ying)立即降壓，切斷電(dian)源，停止(zhi)試驗并(bing)查明(ming)原因(yin)。

⑴電壓表指針(zhen)擺動(dong)(或數字跳動(dong))很大

⑵電流表直線上升

被試品內有不正常的聲音

8、圖(tu)1中(zhong)第9項系(xi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)閥及(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)表(biao)，為長期(qi)關閉狀態(tai)。每6個月開閥一(yi)次，以檢(jian)查(cha)SF6壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)，應(ying)不(bu)小于0.2MPa(檢(jian)查(cha)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)后立(li)即關閉閥門(men))，低于0.2MPa時應(ying)加(jia)SF6氣體，以增加(jia)氣絕緣。

9、耐壓(ya)實(shi)驗前(qian)后(hou)應測量被試設備的(de)絕緣電阻，檢(jian)查(cha)絕緣情況(kuang)。

10、當(dang)試驗變壓器長期(qi)不使用時，應(ying)放(fang)置于通風、干燥、無陽光(guang)直(zhi)射的地方。

11、該產(chan)品(pin)不允許在高(gao)于45℃的溫度下長期存(cun)放、使(shi)用、放氣。

12、運輸搬運途中不得重(zhong)力沖擊。

13、產品緊固件及壓力閥、壓力表不得擅(shan)自(zi)松(song)動。

14、使用(yong)本產(chan)品做高(gao)壓(ya)試驗(yan)時，出熟悉本說(shuo)明書外，還必須嚴格執行國家有關標準和操作規(gui)程(cheng)。可參照GB311-83《高(gao)壓(ya)輸變設(she)備的(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)配合，高(gao)壓(ya)試驗(yan)技(ji)術》；《電氣設(she)備預防(fang)性試驗(yan)規(gui)程(cheng)》等。

五、WBYD-20KVA/100KV便攜式高壓試驗變壓器容量選擇

標(biao)稱試驗變(bian)壓器(qi)容量Pn的確定公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9

式中(zhong)：

Pn——標(biao)稱試驗變壓器容量(kVA)

Vn——試驗變壓器的(de)額(e)定輸出高壓的(de)有效值(zhi)(kV)

k ——**系數。k≥1，標稱電壓Vn≥1MV時，k=2；標稱電壓較(jiao)低(di)時，k值可取高一些。

Ct——被試品(pin)的(de)電容量(pF)

ω——角頻率，ω=2πf， f——試驗電(dian)源的頻率

被試設備的電(dian)容量Ct可(ke)由交(jiao)流電(dian)橋(qiao)測出。Ct的變化很大，

可(ke)由設備的(de)類型而(er)定(ding)。

典型數據如下(xia)：

簡(jian)單的棒(bang)式(shi)或(huo)懸式(shi)絕緣子             幾十微法

簡單的分級套管                     100～1000pF

電壓互(hu)感器                         200 ～ 500pF

電力(li)變壓(ya)器       < 1000kVA ～1000pF

> 1000kVA     &nbsp;  1000～10000pF

高壓電力電纜和油(you)浸紙(zhi)絕緣   ;  ;      250～300pF/m

氣(qi)體絕緣                  ;&nbsp;        ～60pF/m

封閉變電站，SF6氣體(ti)絕緣(yuan)            100～10000Pf;

對于不同的(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)電壓Vn，選擇(ze)不同的(de)(de)(適當的(de)(de))**系數k。

以下列(lie)出不同的Vn所選用(yong)的k值(zhi)供參考(kao)。

Vn =50~100kV     ;   k = 4

Vn =150~300kV   &nbsp;   k = 3

Vn > 300kV    &nbsp;     k = 2