一、WBYD-5KVA/100KV交流耐壓發生器概述

YDQ系列高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器是(shi)根據《試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器》標準，在(zai)油浸式試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上而設(she)(she)計(ji)生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)具有(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)性能(neng)及(ji)優(you)異的(de)(de)(de)(de)滅弧性能(neng)，其耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)強度(du)為同一(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力下氮氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍，擊穿(chuan)(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍。在(zai)0.25MPa下與油的(de)(de)(de)(de)擊穿(chuan)(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)相等，在(zai)0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力下是(shi)油的(de)(de)(de)(de)擊穿(chuan)(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍，是(shi)一(yi)種優(you)于油的(de)(de)(de)(de)新一(yi)代超高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)絕(jue)緣(yuan)介質材料(liao)。該(gai)產(chan)品技術(shu)要(yao)求完全(quan)符合(he)《ZBK-41006-89》標準，它是(shi)油浸式輕型(xing)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)換代產(chan)品。該(gai)產(chan)品具有(you)體(ti)積小(xiao)、重量輕、不受氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)變化影響、電(dian)(dian)暈小(xiao)、現場搬運無(wu)需靜止可使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命長、免維修等特點。適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)力系統、工礦企(qi)業(ye)、科研部門等對各種高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設(she)(she)備、電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)元件(jian)、絕(jue)緣(yuan)材料(liao)進行工頻(pin)或(huo)直流高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)強度(du)試驗(yan)。

二、WBYD-5KVA/100KV交流耐壓發生器產品結構

YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器(qi)采用(yong)單框芯(xin)式鐵(tie)芯(xin)結(jie)構，初級繞(rao)組(zu)繞(rao)在鐵(tie)芯(xin)上，高壓(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)在外(wai)，這種同(tong)軸布置減少了(le)漏磁通，因而(er)增大了(le)繞(rao)組(zu)間(jian)的(de)耦合。產品的(de)外(wai)殼為圓柱灌(guan)式容器(qi)結(jie)構，能耐受0.8MPa以上壓(ya)力。其結(jie)構見圖(tu)1：

三、WBYD-5KVA/100KV交流耐壓發生器工作原理

YDQ系(xi)列高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器為(wei)單相變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器，聯結組標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用(yong)工頻220V(10kVA以(yi)上為(wei)380V)電源接入 (為(wei)本公司生(sheng)產的(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器配套專用(yong)設備，詳(xiang)細資料請見其具體使用(yong)說明書)系(xi)列操(cao)作箱(臺)，經(jing)操(cao)作箱內自偶調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(50kVA以(yi)上調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器外附)調節至0～200V(或0～400V)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)輸出至YDQ試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)初級繞(rao)組，根據電磁感應(ying)原(yuan)理，在試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組可獲得試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)所需的(de)(de)高電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。

單(dan)臺YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的工作原理圖見(jian)圖2。

單臺YDQ系(xi)列交(jiao)直(zhi)流高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)器的工(gong)作(zuo)原理圖見圖3，圖中高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)套管中裝有(you)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)硅堆(dui)，串接(jie)在高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)回路(lu)中作(zuo)半(ban)波整流，以獲得直(zhi)流高(gao)(gao)(gao)電壓(ya)。當用一短路(lu)桿將高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)硅堆(dui)短接(jie)時(shi)，可獲得工(gong)頻高(gao)(gao)(gao)電壓(ya)，作(zuo)為交(jiao)流輸出狀態；取消短路(lu)桿時(shi)，作(zuo)為直(zhi)流輸出狀態。

試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器高壓套(tao)管中的(de)高壓硅堆未畫出，其(qi)原(yuan)理與上圖相同(tong)。

三(san)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲(huo)得更高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)線(xian)原理見圖4。串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優越(yue)性，因為(wei)整(zheng)個試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)裝置由幾臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)成，單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)容量小、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重(zhong)量輕，便(bian)于(yu)運輸(shu)(shu)和(he)安(an)裝。它既然可(ke)串(chuan)接(jie)成高出(chu)幾倍(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)合使(shi)用，又可(ke)分開成幾套單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)獨使(shi)用。整(zheng)套裝置投(tou)資(zi)小，經濟實惠。圖5中，在(zai)(zai)(zai)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每個單(dan)(dan)(dan)元試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中都有(you)一(yi)個勵(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1和(he)A2、C2。在(zai)(zai)(zai)三(san)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原理中，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源加在(zai)(zai)(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)a1x1上，單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都是V。勵(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1給(gei)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勵(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)A2、C2給(gei)第(di)三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)第(di)三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)箱體分別處在(zai)(zai)(zai)對(dui)地(di)為(wei)1V和(he)2V的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)上，所以箱體對(dui)地(di)是絕緣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)箱體是接(jie)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。這樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額定(ding)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分別為(wei)1V、2V、3V；其額定(ding)容量分別為(wei)3P、2P、1P。

YDQ系列(lie)高(gao)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)器做被試(shi)品的(de)工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)使用接(jie)線(xian)原理圖(tu)見圖(tu)5。

圖(tu)中：R1—限流電阻       FRC—阻容分壓器     RF—球(qiu)間隙保護電阻     G—球(qiu)間隙          CX—被(bei)試品

注(zhu)：高壓尾必須(xu)可(ke)靠接地

工頻耐壓試驗(yan)(yan)中限流電(dian)阻R1應(ying)(ying)根據試驗(yan)(yan)變壓器(qi)的(de)額定容(rong)量來(lai)選擇。如高(gao)壓側額定輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)流在100～300mA時(shi)，可(ke)取0.5～1Ω/V(試驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)壓)；高(gao)壓側額定輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)流為1A以上時(shi)，可(ke)取1Ω/V(試驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)壓)。常用(yong)水(shui)電(dian)阻作為限流電(dian)阻，管子長度可(ke)按150kV/m考慮，管子粗細(xi)應(ying)(ying)具有足夠的(de)熱容(rong)量(水(shui)阻液配制(zhi)方法(fa)：用(yong)蒸(zheng)餾水(shui)加入(ru)適量硫酸(suan)銅配制(zhi)成各種不(bu)同(tong)的(de)阻值)。

球間隙(xi)(xi)及保(bao)護(hu)(hu)電(dian)阻：當電(dian)壓超過球間隙(xi)(xi)整定(ding)值(zhi)時(一般(ban)取(qu)試(shi)驗電(dian)壓的110%~120%)，球間隙(xi)(xi)放電(dian)，對被試(shi)品起到保(bao)護(hu)(hu)作(zuo)用。球間隙(xi)(xi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)電(dian)阻可按1Ω/V(試(shi)驗電(dian)壓)選取(qu)。

在(zai)(zai)工(gong)頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)中，低(di)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測量電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電壓(ya)(ya)(ya))不是(shi)非常準(zhun)確的(de)，其原因是(shi)由(you)于(yu)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)著漏(lou)抗(kang)，在(zai)(zai)這個漏(lou)抗(kang)上必然存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降或(huo)容升，使試品上的(de)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)于(yu)或(huo)高(gao)(gao)于(yu)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測量電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)表上反映出來的(de)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。工(gong)頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)時，被(bei)試品上的(de)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)(gao)于(yu)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)輸出電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是(shi)所(suo)謂(wei)容升現象。感應耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)時，試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)漏(lou)抗(kang)必然存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為了準(zhun)確測量被(bei)試品上所(suo)施加的(de)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此(ci)常在(zai)(zai)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)接入FRC阻容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)來測量電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。

工頻耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗操作注意事項

1）試(shi)驗人員應做好分工，明確相(xiang)互間聯系(xi)方法。并有專門(men)人監護現場(chang)**及觀(guan)察試(shi)品(pin)狀態。

2）被試(shi)(shi)品(pin)應(ying)先清掃干(gan)凈，并**干(gan)燥，以免損壞被試(shi)(shi)品(pin)和試(shi)(shi)驗帶來(lai)的誤差。

3）對于(yu)大型(xing)試驗，一般都應先進行空升試驗。即(ji)不接試品時升壓至試驗電壓，校對各種表計(ji)，調整球間隙(xi)。

4）升壓速度(du)不能太快，并必須(xu)防止突然加(jia)壓。例如調壓器不在(zai)零(ling)位時(shi)突然合閘(zha)(zha)。也不能突然切(qie)斷電源，一般應在(zai)調壓器降至(zhi)零(ling)位時(shi)拉閘(zha)(zha)。

5）當電壓(ya)升至試驗電壓(ya)時(shi)，開始計時(shi)，到1min后，迅速(su)降壓(ya)到1/3試驗電壓(ya)以下(xia)時(shi)，才能拉開電源(yuan)。

6）在升壓或(huo)耐(nai)壓試(shi)驗過程中，如發現下列不正常(chang)情況時，應立即(ji)降壓，切斷電(dian)源。停止試(shi)驗并查明原因：①電(dian)壓表指針(zhen)擺動很(hen)大；②發現絕緣(yuan)燒(shao)焦或(huo)冒煙；③被(bei)試(shi)品內有(you)不正常(chang)的(de)聲音。

7）耐壓試驗前(qian)后應測量絕緣電阻，檢查絕緣情況。

試驗變壓器在做被試品的直流耐壓或泄露試驗時接線原理圖(tu)如圖(tu)6。

注：此試驗應先抽出(chu)短路桿(gan)“D”，圖6中所(suo)示。

圖中：VD—高壓硅堆(dui)     R1—限流電(dian)阻(zu)      C1—高壓濾波(bo)電(dian)容    FRC—阻(zu)容分壓器     CX—被試品    μA—帶保護微安表(biao)

泄露試驗中(zhong)限流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)R1選(xuan)擇(ze)在額定輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)(shi)，輸(shu)出(chu)端短路電(dian)(dian)流不超過高壓(ya)硅堆的(de)(de)(de)*大整流。如(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)硅堆的(de)(de)(de)*大整流電(dian)(dian)流為100mA時(shi)(shi)用于(yu)60kV的(de)(de)(de)試驗裝置中(zhong)，限流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選(xuan)擇(ze)。限流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)還應具有足夠的(de)(de)(de)容量和(he)沿面放電(dian)(dian)距離。

高壓濾(lv)波電容C1一(yi)般選擇在(zai)0.01~0.1μF，當(dang)被(bei)試(shi)品的電容量(liang)很大時，C1可(ke)省略不用(yong)。

泄(xie)露(lu)試驗的操(cao)作及注(zhu)意事項

1）試驗前(qian)應先檢(jian)查被試品是否停(ting)電，接地放電，一切(qie)對(dui)外連線是否擦干凈。要嚴防將試驗電壓(ya)加到有人(ren)工作的部位上去。

2）接(jie)好試(shi)驗(yan)裝置的(de)接(jie)線(xian)后，應復查(cha)無誤后才可加壓。應特別注(zhu)意檢查(cha)高壓設備及引線(xian)與地(di)、與操作(zuo)人員的(de)**距離(li)，被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)的(de)外(wai)殼是(shi)否可靠接(jie)地(di)，要按**規(gui)程中所規(gui)定(ding)的(de)內容(rong)進(jin)行試(shi)驗(yan)。

3）對于大電(dian)容(rong)量設備(bei)應(ying)緩慢升壓，防止(zhi)被試品的充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流燒壞微安(an)表。必要時應(ying)分級加壓，分別讀取各級電(dian)壓下微安(an)表的穩定讀數。

4）試驗過程中，應密切監視被試品、試驗裝置、微(wei)安(an)表，一旦發生(sheng)擊(ji)穿、閃爍(shuo)等異常現象應立(li)即(ji)降(jiang)壓(ya)，切斷電源，并查明原(yuan)因，詳細記錄。

5）試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)完(wan)畢，降壓(ya)，切斷(duan)電源后應(ying)將被試(shi)(shi)品及試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)裝置本身充分放電。

四、WBYD-5KVA/100KV交流耐壓發生器注意事項

1、按照您(nin)所進行的(de)試驗(yan)接(jie)好工作線路(lu)。試驗(yan)變壓器(qi)的(de)外殼(ke)以及(ji)操作系統(tong)的(de)外殼(ke)必須可靠接(jie)地。試驗(yan)變壓器(qi)高壓繞(rao)組的(de)X端(高壓尾)以及(ji)測量繞(rao)組的(de)F端必須可靠接(jie)地。

2、做串(chuan)級試(shi)驗時，**級、第(di)三(san)級試(shi)驗變(bian)壓器的(de)低壓繞組的(de)X端(duan)(duan)，測量繞組的(de)F端(duan)(duan)以及高(gao)壓繞組的(de)X端(duan)(duan)(高(gao)壓尾)均接本級試(shi)驗變(bian)壓器的(de)外殼。**級、第(di)三(san)級試(shi)驗變(bian)壓器的(de)外殼必須(xu)通(tong)過絕緣支架接地。

3、接(jie)通電源前，操作(zuo)系(xi)統的調壓器(qi)必須調到(dao)零位后方可接(jie)通電源，合閘，開始升壓。

4、從零(ling)開始均勻旋轉調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器手(shou)輪(lun)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方法(fa)(fa)有：快(kuai)速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)，即(ji)20s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)；慢(man)速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)，即(ji)60s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)；極(ji)慢(man)速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)供選(xuan)用。電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)從零(ling)開始按一定(ding)的(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方式和速(su)度上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您所需的(de)(de)額定(ding)試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)75%后，在以每(mei)秒2%額定(ding)試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)速(su)度升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您所需的(de)(de)額定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，并(bing)密切(qie)注意測(ce)量儀表(biao)的(de)(de)指示以及(ji)被(bei)試(shi)品的(de)(de)情況。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過程中或試(shi)驗過程中如發現測(ce)量儀表(biao)的(de)(de)指示及(ji)被(bei)試(shi)品情況異(yi)常，應立即(ji)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，切(qie)斷電(dian)源，查明情況。

5、試驗完畢后，應在數秒內勻速的將調壓器返回(hui)至零位(wei)，然后切(qie)斷電源。

6、本產品不得超過額定(ding)參數(shu)使用。除試(shi)驗必須(xu)外(wai)，決不允許(xu)全電(dian)壓通電(dian)或(huo)斷電(dian)。

7、再升(sheng)壓或耐(nai)壓試驗過程中，如發現以下不正常(chang)情(qing)況時，應立即降(jiang)壓，切斷電源，停止試驗并查明原因。

⑴電壓表(biao)指針(zhen)擺動(或數字(zi)跳動)很大

⑵電流表(biao)直線上升

被(bei)試品內有不(bu)正常的聲音(yin)

8、圖1中第9項系壓(ya)(ya)力(li)閥及壓(ya)(ya)力(li)表，為長期(qi)關閉狀態。每6個月開閥一次(ci)，以檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)SF6壓(ya)(ya)力(li)，應(ying)不小于0.2MPa(檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)后立即關閉閥門(men))，低于0.2MPa時應(ying)加(jia)SF6氣體，以增(zeng)加(jia)氣絕緣(yuan)。

9、耐壓實驗(yan)前后應測量被(bei)試設備的絕緣(yuan)電阻，檢查絕緣(yuan)情況。

10、當試驗變壓器長期不使用時，應放置于(yu)通風、干(gan)燥、無陽光直(zhi)射的地方(fang)。

11、該產品不允許(xu)在(zai)高于45℃的溫(wen)度下長期存放、使用、放氣。

12、運輸(shu)搬運途中不(bu)得重力沖擊。

13、產品緊(jin)固件及壓力閥(fa)、壓力表不得(de)擅自松動(dong)。

14、使(shi)用本產品做高壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)時，出熟悉(xi)本說明書外，還必須(xu)嚴格(ge)執行國家有關標準和操作規程。可參照GB311-83《高壓(ya)輸(shu)變設備(bei)的絕緣配合，高壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)技術(shu)》；《電氣設備(bei)預防性試(shi)驗(yan)規程》等。

五、WBYD-5KVA/100KV交流耐壓發生器容量選擇

標(biao)稱試驗(yan)變壓器容量Pn的(de)確定公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9

式中：

Pn——標稱(cheng)試驗變壓器容量(liang)(kVA)

Vn——試驗變壓器的(de)(de)額定輸出高壓的(de)(de)有效值(kV)

k ——**系數。k≥1，標稱電壓Vn≥1MV時(shi)，k=2；標稱電壓較低時(shi)，k值可(ke)取高一些。

Ct——被(bei)試(shi)品的電(dian)容量(pF)

ω——角頻率，ω=2πf， f——試驗(yan)電源的(de)頻率

被試設備的電容量Ct可由交流電橋測出。Ct的變化很大，

可(ke)由設(she)備的類型而定。

典型數據如下：

簡(jian)單的(de)棒式或(huo)懸式絕緣子             幾十微法

簡單的分級套管                     100～1000pF

電壓(ya)互感器                         200 ～ 500pF

電力變壓器       < 1000kVA ～1000pF

> 1000kVA        1000～10000pF

高壓電力電纜(lan)和油浸紙(zhi)絕緣           250～300pF/m

氣(qi)體絕緣(yuan)              ;             ～60pF/m

封閉變(bian)電站(zhan)，SF6氣體(ti)絕緣(yuan)            100～10000Pf;

對于不同的(de)試驗(yan)電壓(ya)Vn，選擇不同的(de)(適當的(de))**系數k。

以下列出不同的(de)Vn所選用的(de)k值供(gong)參考。

Vn =50~100kV        k = 4

Vn =150~300kV       k = 3

Vn > 300kV         ; k = 2