一、WBYD-10KVA/100KV交流耐壓試驗變壓器概述(shu)
YDQ系列高壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)是(shi)根(gen)據(ju)《試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)》標準，在(zai)油(you)浸式試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)基礎上而設計(ji)生產的(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)體(ti)具有良好的(de)(de)(de)電氣(qi)絕(jue)緣性(xing)能及優異(yi)的(de)(de)(de)滅弧性(xing)能，其耐壓(ya)(ya)強度為(wei)同一壓(ya)(ya)力下(xia)氮氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)2.5倍，擊(ji)穿電壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)2.5倍。在(zai)0.25MPa下(xia)與(yu)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿電壓(ya)(ya)相等，在(zai)0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)力下(xia)是(shi)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿電壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)2倍，是(shi)一種優于油(you)的(de)(de)(de)新一代超(chao)高壓(ya)(ya)絕(jue)緣介質(zhi)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)。該產品技術要求完(wan)全(quan)符合《ZBK-41006-89》標準，它是(shi)油(you)浸式輕(qing)型試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)換代產品。該產品具有體(ti)積小、重量輕(qing)、不受氣(qi)候變(bian)(bian)化影(ying)響(xiang)、電暈小、現場搬運無需(xu)靜(jing)止可使(shi)用，使(shi)用壽命長、免維修等特點。適用于電力系統、工(gong)礦(kuang)企業、科研部門等對各(ge)種高壓(ya)(ya)電氣(qi)設備、電氣(qi)元件(jian)、絕(jue)緣材(cai)料(liao)(liao)進(jin)行工(gong)頻或直流(liu)高壓(ya)(ya)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣強度試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。
二、WBYD-10KVA/100KV交流耐壓試驗變壓器產品結構
YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器(qi)采用單(dan)框芯(xin)式(shi)鐵(tie)芯(xin)結構(gou)(gou)，初級繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)繞(rao)在鐵(tie)芯(xin)上，高(gao)壓(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)在外(wai)，這種同(tong)軸布置減少了漏磁(ci)通(tong)，因而增大了繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)間(jian)的耦合。產品的外(wai)殼為(wei)圓柱灌(guan)式(shi)容(rong)器(qi)結構(gou)(gou)，能耐受(shou)0.8MPa以上壓(ya)力。其結構(gou)(gou)見圖1：
三、WBYD-10KVA/100KV交流耐壓試驗變壓器工作原理
YDQ系列(lie)(lie)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器為單相(xiang)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器，聯結組(zu)標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用(yong)工頻220V(10kVA以(yi)上(shang)為380V)電(dian)源接入 (為本公司生(sheng)產的試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器配套專用(yong)設備，詳細資料請見其具體使用(yong)說明(ming)書)系列(lie)(lie)操(cao)作(zuo)箱(臺)，經操(cao)作(zuo)箱內自偶調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(50kVA以(yi)上(shang)調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器外附)調(diao)節至(zhi)0～200V(或0～400V)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)輸(shu)出(chu)至(zhi)YDQ試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的初級(ji)繞組(zu)，根據電(dian)磁感應(ying)原理(li)，在(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞組(zu)可獲(huo)得(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗所需(xu)的高電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。
單臺YDQ系(xi)列高壓試驗變壓器(qi)的工作原理(li)圖見圖2。
單(dan)臺YDQ系列交直(zhi)流(liu)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的工作(zuo)(zuo)原理圖(tu)見圖(tu)3，圖(tu)中(zhong)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)套管中(zhong)裝有高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)硅(gui)堆(dui)，串接在(zai)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)回(hui)路(lu)中(zhong)作(zuo)(zuo)半波整流(liu)，以獲得直(zhi)流(liu)高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。當(dang)用一短(duan)路(lu)桿將高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)硅(gui)堆(dui)短(duan)接時，可獲得工頻(pin)高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，作(zuo)(zuo)為交流(liu)輸(shu)出狀態；取消短(duan)路(lu)桿時，作(zuo)(zuo)為直(zhi)流(liu)輸(shu)出狀態。
試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)高(gao)壓(ya)套管(guan)中的(de)高(gao)壓(ya)硅堆未畫出(chu)，其原理(li)與(yu)上圖相同。
三(san)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更高電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)線原理見(jian)圖4。串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)越性，因(yin)為整個(ge)(ge)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)裝置(zhi)(zhi)由幾(ji)臺(tai)單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)成，單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)容(rong)量小、電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重(zhong)量輕(qing)，便于運輸(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)安裝。它既然(ran)可串(chuan)接(jie)成高出(chu)(chu)(chu)幾(ji)倍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)合使(shi)用，又可分(fen)開成幾(ji)套(tao)單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)獨使(shi)用。整套(tao)裝置(zhi)(zhi)投資(zi)小，經濟實(shi)惠。圖5中，在(zai)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每個(ge)(ge)單(dan)元試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中都有一(yi)個(ge)(ge)勵(li)磁(ci)繞組(zu)A1、C1和(he)(he)A2、C2。在(zai)三(san)臺(tai)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)基(ji)本原理中，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)源加在(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)a1x1上，單(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)都是V。勵(li)磁(ci)繞組(zu)A1、C1給**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)供電(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勵(li)磁(ci)繞組(zu)A2、C2給第(di)三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)供電(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)(he)第(di)三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)(xiang)體分(fen)別處在(zai)對(dui)地(di)為1V和(he)(he)2V的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高電(dian)位上，所以(yi)箱(xiang)(xiang)體對(dui)地(di)是絕緣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)(xiang)體是接(jie)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。這樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額定(ding)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)別為1V、2V、3V；其額定(ding)容(rong)量分(fen)別為3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系(xi)列(lie)高壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)器做被試(shi)(shi)品的工頻耐(nai)壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗使用接線原(yuan)理(li)圖(tu)見圖(tu)5。
圖中：R1—限流電阻(zu)(zu) ; FRC—阻(zu)(zu)容(rong)分(fen)壓器(qi) RF—球(qiu)間隙(xi)保護電阻(zu)(zu) G—球(qiu)間隙(xi) CX—被(bei)試品(pin)
注：高壓尾必須可靠接地
工頻耐(nai)壓(ya)試驗(yan)中(zhong)限(xian)流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)R1應(ying)根據試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器的(de)(de)額(e)定容量(liang)來選擇。如(ru)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)側額(e)定輸出電(dian)(dian)流在(zai)100～300mA時，可(ke)取(qu)0.5～1Ω/V(試驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya))；高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)側額(e)定輸出電(dian)(dian)流為1A以(yi)上時，可(ke)取(qu)1Ω/V(試驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya))。常用水電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)作為限(xian)流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，管子(zi)長度可(ke)按150kV/m考(kao)慮，管子(zi)粗細應(ying)具有足夠的(de)(de)熱容量(liang)(水阻(zu)(zu)液配制方法：用蒸餾水加(jia)入適量(liang)硫酸銅配制成(cheng)各種不同的(de)(de)阻(zu)(zu)值)。
球間隙(xi)及保(bao)(bao)護電(dian)阻(zu)：當電(dian)壓超過球間隙(xi)整(zheng)定值時(一般取(qu)(qu)試驗(yan)電(dian)壓的110%~120%)，球間隙(xi)放(fang)電(dian)，對被試品起到保(bao)(bao)護作用。球間隙(xi)保(bao)(bao)護電(dian)阻(zu)可按1Ω/V(試驗(yan)電(dian)壓)選(xuan)取(qu)(qu)。
在工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)中，低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不(bu)是(shi)非常(chang)準確(que)的，其原因是(shi)由于(yu)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)存在著(zhu)漏抗(kang)，在這個漏抗(kang)上(shang)(shang)必然存在著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降或(huo)容升(sheng)，使(shi)試品上(shang)(shang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)(di)于(yu)或(huo)高于(yu)低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)(biao)上(shang)(shang)反映出來的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)時，被試品上(shang)(shang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于(yu)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是(shi)所謂容升(sheng)現象(xiang)。感應耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)時，試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的漏抗(kang)必然存在著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為了準確(que)測(ce)(ce)量被試品上(shang)(shang)所施加的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此常(chang)在高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側接入(ru)FRC阻容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)來測(ce)(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工頻(pin)耐壓試驗操(cao)作注意(yi)事項
1）試(shi)驗人(ren)員應做好分工，明確相互間聯(lian)系方法。并(bing)有專門人(ren)監(jian)護現(xian)場**及觀察試(shi)品狀態。
2）被(bei)試品應先清掃干凈，并**干燥，以(yi)免損壞被(bei)試品和試驗(yan)帶來(lai)的誤差。
3）對于大型(xing)試(shi)驗(yan)，一般(ban)都應先進(jin)行(xing)空(kong)升(sheng)試(shi)驗(yan)。即不接試(shi)品時升(sheng)壓(ya)至試(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya)，校對各種表(biao)計，調整(zheng)球(qiu)間隙。
4）升壓(ya)(ya)速度不能太(tai)快，并(bing)必須防(fang)止突然(ran)(ran)加壓(ya)(ya)。例(li)如調壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)不在零位時突然(ran)(ran)合(he)閘。也不能突然(ran)(ran)切斷電源(yuan)，一般應在調壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)降(jiang)至零位時拉(la)閘。
5）當電壓升至(zhi)試驗(yan)電壓時(shi)(shi)，開始計(ji)時(shi)(shi)，到1min后，迅速降壓到1/3試驗(yan)電壓以(yi)下時(shi)(shi)，才能拉開電源。
6）在升壓(ya)或(huo)耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗過程中(zhong)，如(ru)發(fa)現下列不正常情況時，應立即降壓(ya)，切斷電源。停(ting)止試(shi)驗并查明(ming)原因：①電壓(ya)表指(zhi)針擺動很大；②發(fa)現絕緣燒(shao)焦或(huo)冒煙；③被試(shi)品(pin)內有不正常的聲音。
7）耐壓試驗前后應測量絕緣(yuan)電阻，檢(jian)查絕緣(yuan)情況。
試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)器在做被試(shi)(shi)(shi)品的(de)直(zhi)流耐壓(ya)或泄露(lu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時(shi)接線原(yuan)理(li)圖如(ru)圖6。
注：此試驗應先(xian)抽出短(duan)路桿“D”，圖(tu)6中所示。
圖中：VD—高(gao)壓硅(gui)堆 R1—限流電(dian)阻 C1—高(gao)壓濾波電(dian)容(rong) FRC—阻容(rong)分(fen)壓器 CX—被試品 μA—帶保護微安表(biao)
泄露試(shi)驗中(zhong)限流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻R1選(xuan)擇(ze)在(zai)額定輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時，輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)端短路電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不超過(guo)高壓(ya)硅(gui)堆的(de)*大(da)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)。如電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)硅(gui)堆的(de)*大(da)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為100mA時用于60kV的(de)試(shi)驗裝(zhuang)置中(zhong)，限流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選(xuan)擇(ze)。限流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻還應具有足(zu)夠的(de)容量和沿面(mian)放電(dian)(dian)距離。
高壓(ya)濾波電容C1一(yi)般選(xuan)擇在0.01~0.1μF，當被試(shi)品的電容量很大時，C1可(ke)省略不用(yong)。
泄露(lu)試(shi)驗的(de)操作及(ji)注意事(shi)項(xiang)
1）試驗前應先檢查被(bei)試品是否停(ting)電(dian)，接地(di)放電(dian)，一切對外連線是否擦干凈。要嚴防(fang)將試驗電(dian)壓(ya)加到有人工作的部位上去。
2）接(jie)(jie)(jie)好試(shi)驗裝置(zhi)的接(jie)(jie)(jie)線后(hou)，應復查無誤后(hou)才(cai)可加壓(ya)。應特別注(zhu)意(yi)檢(jian)查高(gao)壓(ya)設(she)備及引線與(yu)地(di)、與(yu)操作(zuo)人員的**距離，被試(shi)品的外殼是否可靠接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)，要按(an)**規程中所規定的內容進行試(shi)驗。
3）對于大電(dian)(dian)容量設備(bei)應緩(huan)慢升(sheng)壓，防(fang)止(zhi)被試(shi)品的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流燒壞微(wei)安表。必要時應分(fen)(fen)級加壓，分(fen)(fen)別(bie)讀取各級電(dian)(dian)壓下微(wei)安表的穩定讀數。
4）試(shi)驗過程中，應密(mi)切(qie)監視被(bei)試(shi)品、試(shi)驗裝置、微安表，一(yi)旦發(fa)生擊(ji)穿、閃爍等異常(chang)現象應立(li)即降壓(ya)，切(qie)斷電源，并查明原因，詳細記(ji)錄。
5）試(shi)驗完畢，降壓，切斷電源后(hou)應將被試(shi)品及試(shi)驗裝置本身充分放電。
四、WBYD-10KVA/100KV交流耐壓試驗變壓器注意事項
1、按照(zhao)您所進行的試(shi)(shi)驗接好(hao)工作線路。試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的外殼(ke)(ke)以及操作系(xi)統(tong)的外殼(ke)(ke)必(bi)須(xu)可靠接地。試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)高壓(ya)(ya)繞組的X端(duan)(duan)(高壓(ya)(ya)尾)以及測量繞組的F端(duan)(duan)必(bi)須(xu)可靠接地。
2、做串級試驗(yan)時，**級、第三級試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器的低壓(ya)繞組的X端(duan)，測(ce)量(liang)繞組的F端(duan)以及高(gao)壓(ya)繞組的X端(duan)(高(gao)壓(ya)尾)均接(jie)本級試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器的外殼。**級、第三級試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器的外殼必須通過絕緣支架接(jie)地。
3、接通電源(yuan)前，操作系統(tong)的調壓器必須調到零(ling)位后方可接通電源(yuan)，合(he)閘，開(kai)始升壓。
4、從(cong)零開始均勻(yun)旋轉調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器手輪升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)法(fa)有：快(kuai)速升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即(ji)20s逐(zhu)級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；慢(man)(man)速升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即(ji)60s逐(zhu)級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；極慢(man)(man)速升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)供選(xuan)用。電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)從(cong)零開始按一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)式和(he)速度(du)上升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您(nin)所需的(de)(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)(ding)試驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)75%后(hou)，在以(yi)每秒2%額(e)定(ding)(ding)試驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)速度(du)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您(nin)所需的(de)(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，并密切注意測(ce)量(liang)儀表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)指示以(yi)及(ji)被試品的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過(guo)程中或試驗過(guo)程中如發(fa)現測(ce)量(liang)儀表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)指示及(ji)被試品情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)異常，應立(li)即(ji)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，切斷電(dian)(dian)源，查明(ming)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)。
5、試驗(yan)完畢后，應在數(shu)秒內(nei)勻(yun)速的將調壓器返回至零位，然后切(qie)斷電源。
6、本產(chan)品(pin)不(bu)得超過額定參數使(shi)用。除試驗必(bi)須外，決不(bu)允(yun)許全電壓通電或斷電。
7、再升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)或耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)過程中，如發(fa)現以下(xia)不正常情況時(shi)，應立即降壓(ya)(ya)，切斷電(dian)源(yuan)，停止試驗(yan)并查(cha)明原因。
⑴電壓表指針擺(bai)動(dong)(或數字(zi)跳動(dong))很大(da)
⑵電流表(biao)直(zhi)線上升
被試品內有不正(zheng)常(chang)的聲音
8、圖1中第9項系壓力(li)閥(fa)及壓力(li)表(biao)，為(wei)長期關(guan)(guan)閉狀態。每6個月開閥(fa)一(yi)次，以檢查(cha)SF6壓力(li)，應(ying)不小于(yu)0.2MPa(檢查(cha)壓力(li)后立即(ji)關(guan)(guan)閉閥(fa)門)，低于(yu)0.2MPa時應(ying)加SF6氣(qi)體，以增加氣(qi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)。
9、耐壓實(shi)驗前后(hou)應測量(liang)被試設備(bei)的絕緣(yuan)電阻，檢(jian)查絕緣(yuan)情況。
10、當試驗變壓器長期不使用時，應放置于(yu)通風、干燥、無陽光直(zhi)射的地方(fang)。
11、該產品不允許在高于45℃的溫度下長期(qi)存放、使用(yong)、放氣。
12、運輸(shu)搬運途中不得重力沖擊(ji)。
13、產品緊固件及壓力閥、壓力表(biao)不得擅自松動(dong)。
14、使用本(ben)產品做高壓(ya)試驗(yan)時(shi)，出熟悉本(ben)說(shuo)明書外，還必須(xu)嚴格執(zhi)行(xing)國(guo)家有關標準和(he)操作規(gui)程。可(ke)參照GB311-83《高壓(ya)輸變設備的絕緣(yuan)配合，高壓(ya)試驗(yan)技術》；《電氣設備預防(fang)性試驗(yan)規(gui)程》等。
五、WBYD-10KVA/100KV交流耐壓試驗變壓器容量選擇
標稱試驗變壓器容量Pn的確定公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中：
Pn——標稱試驗(yan)變壓器容量(kVA)
Vn——試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器的(de)額定輸出高壓的(de)有效值(kV)
k ——**系(xi)數。k≥1，標稱(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)壓Vn≥1MV時(shi)，k=2；標稱(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)壓較低時(shi)，k值可取高一些(xie)。
Ct——被試品的電容量(pF)
ω——角頻(pin)率(lv)，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源的(de)頻(pin)率(lv)
被試設備的電容量Ct可由(you)交流電橋測(ce)出。Ct的變化很大，
可由設備(bei)的類型(xing)而定。
典型數據如下：
簡(jian)單的棒(bang)式(shi)或懸式(shi)絕緣子 幾十微法(fa)
簡單的分級套管(guan) 100～1000pF
電壓互感器 200 ～ ;500pF
電力變壓器 < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高壓電力電纜(lan)和油浸紙(zhi)絕緣 250～300pF/m
氣(qi)體(ti)絕緣 ～60pF/m
封閉變電站，SF6氣(qi)體絕(jue)緣 100～10000Pf;
對于不同的試驗電壓Vn，選擇不同的(適當的)**系數k。
以(yi)下列出不同的Vn所選用的k值供(gong)參考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV ; k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2