一、WBYD-10KVA/100KV工頻交流試驗變壓器概述
YDQ系列高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)根據《試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)》標準，在油(you)浸(jin)式試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上而設計生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體具有良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)絕(jue)緣性(xing)能(neng)及(ji)優(you)異的(de)(de)(de)(de)滅弧性(xing)能(neng)，其耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)強度(du)(du)為同一(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下(xia)氮氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍，擊(ji)穿(chuan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍。在0.25MPa下(xia)與油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿(chuan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)相(xiang)等(deng)，在0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下(xia)是(shi)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿(chuan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍，是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)優(you)于油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)一(yi)代(dai)超高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)絕(jue)緣介(jie)質材(cai)料。該(gai)(gai)產品技(ji)術要(yao)求(qiu)完全符合《ZBK-41006-89》標準，它是(shi)油(you)浸(jin)式輕型(xing)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)換(huan)代(dai)產品。該(gai)(gai)產品具有體積小(xiao)、重量輕、不受氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候變(bian)化影響、電(dian)暈(yun)小(xiao)、現(xian)場(chang)搬運無(wu)需靜止可使用，使用壽命長、免維修等(deng)特點。適用于電(dian)力(li)系統、工礦企(qi)業(ye)、科研部(bu)門等(deng)對各(ge)種(zhong)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)設備、電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)元件、絕(jue)緣材(cai)料進行工頻(pin)或直流高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣強度(du)(du)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)。
二、WBYD-10KVA/100KV工頻交流試驗變壓器產品結構
YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器采(cai)用單框芯(xin)(xin)式鐵(tie)芯(xin)(xin)結(jie)(jie)構，初級繞(rao)組繞(rao)在鐵(tie)芯(xin)(xin)上，高壓(ya)繞(rao)組在外(wai)，這種同軸布置減少了(le)漏磁(ci)通，因而增(zeng)大了(le)繞(rao)組間的耦合。產品(pin)的外(wai)殼(ke)為圓柱灌式容器結(jie)(jie)構，能耐受0.8MPa以(yi)上壓(ya)力(li)。其結(jie)(jie)構見(jian)圖1：
三、WBYD-10KVA/100KV工頻交流試驗變壓器工作原理
YDQ系列高壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)為單相變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，聯(lian)結組(zu)(zu)標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用(yong)工頻220V(10kVA以上為380V)電源接入 (為本公(gong)司生產的試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)配套(tao)專用(yong)設備，詳細資料請(qing)見其(qi)具體使(shi)用(yong)說(shuo)明(ming)書)系列操作箱(臺)，經操作箱內(nei)自偶(ou)調(diao)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(50kVA以上調(diao)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)外附)調(diao)節至0～200V(或0～400V)電壓(ya)輸出至YDQ試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的初級繞組(zu)(zu)，根(gen)據電磁感應原理，在(zai)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)高壓(ya)繞組(zu)(zu)可獲得試(shi)驗(yan)所需的高電壓(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器的工作原(yuan)理(li)圖(tu)見圖(tu)2。
單臺YDQ系列交直流高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器的工作原理圖見圖3，圖中高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)套管中裝有(you)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)硅堆(dui)(dui)，串接在高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)回(hui)路(lu)中作半波整流，以獲(huo)得直流高(gao)(gao)(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)。當用一短路(lu)桿(gan)將高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)硅堆(dui)(dui)短接時，可(ke)獲(huo)得工頻高(gao)(gao)(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)，作為交流輸出(chu)狀態；取消短路(lu)桿(gan)時，作為直流輸出(chu)狀態。
試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器高壓(ya)套(tao)管中的高壓(ya)硅堆未畫出，其原理與上圖相同。
三(san)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)獲得更高(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)線原理見圖(tu)4。串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有很大的(de)(de)(de)優越(yue)性，因(yin)為(wei)整個試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)置由幾(ji)臺(tai)(tai)單臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)，單臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)容量(liang)小、電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)、重量(liang)輕(qing)，便于運(yun)輸和(he)(he)安裝(zhuang)。它既然可(ke)串(chuan)接(jie)(jie)成(cheng)(cheng)高(gao)出幾(ji)倍的(de)(de)(de)單臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)合使用，又(you)可(ke)分開成(cheng)(cheng)幾(ji)套(tao)單臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)單獨使用。整套(tao)裝(zhuang)置投(tou)資(zi)小，經濟實惠。圖(tu)5中，在**級(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)**級(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)每個單元(yuan)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中都有一個勵(li)(li)磁繞組(zu)A1、C1和(he)(he)A2、C2。在三(san)臺(tai)(tai)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)基(ji)本原理中，低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)源加在試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)a1x1上，單臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)V。勵(li)(li)磁繞組(zu)A1、C1給(gei)**級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)供電(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)勵(li)(li)磁繞組(zu)A2、C2給(gei)第三(san)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)供電(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)(he)第三(san)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)箱體(ti)(ti)分別處在對地(di)為(wei)1V和(he)(he)2V的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)位上，所(suo)以箱體(ti)(ti)對地(di)是(shi)(shi)(shi)絕緣的(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)箱體(ti)(ti)是(shi)(shi)(shi)接(jie)(jie)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)。這樣**級(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)、第三(san)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)對地(di)的(de)(de)(de)額定輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分別為(wei)1V、2V、3V；其(qi)額定容量(liang)分別為(wei)3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高壓(ya)試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)器做(zuo)被(bei)試(shi)品的工頻耐(nai)壓(ya)試(shi)驗使用接線原理圖(tu)見(jian)圖(tu)5。
圖中：R1—限流電(dian)阻(zu) FRC—阻(zu)容分壓(ya)器 RF—球(qiu)(qiu)間(jian)隙保護電(dian)阻(zu) G—球(qiu)(qiu)間(jian)隙 CX—被試品
注：高壓尾必須(xu)可(ke)靠(kao)接地(di)
工頻耐壓(ya)試驗中(zhong)限流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R1應根據試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器的額(e)(e)定(ding)容(rong)量來(lai)選擇(ze)。如(ru)高壓(ya)側額(e)(e)定(ding)輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)在(zai)100～300mA時，可取(qu)0.5～1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya))；高壓(ya)側額(e)(e)定(ding)輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為1A以上時，可取(qu)1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya))。常用水(shui)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)作為限流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，管子長度可按150kV/m考慮，管子粗細應具有足夠的熱容(rong)量(水(shui)阻(zu)液配制(zhi)方法：用蒸餾(liu)水(shui)加入適(shi)量硫(liu)酸銅配制(zhi)成各(ge)種不同的阻(zu)值)。
球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)及(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)電阻：當電壓(ya)(ya)超過球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)整定值時(一(yi)般取試(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya)(ya)的110%~120%)，球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)放電，對被試(shi)品(pin)起(qi)到(dao)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)作用。球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)電阻可按1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya)(ya))選取。
在(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中(zhong)，低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表(biao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是(shi)非(fei)常準(zhun)確(que)的(de)(de)，其原因(yin)是(shi)由于試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)著漏抗(kang)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)這個(ge)漏抗(kang)上必然存在(zai)(zai)(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降或(huo)容(rong)(rong)升(sheng)，使試(shi)品上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)于或(huo)高于低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)上反映出來(lai)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工(gong)(gong)頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時，被試(shi)品上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是(shi)所謂容(rong)(rong)升(sheng)現象。感應(ying)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時，試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)漏抗(kang)必然存在(zai)(zai)(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為了準(zhun)確(que)測(ce)量(liang)被試(shi)品上所施加的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因(yin)此常在(zai)(zai)(zai)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側接入FRC阻(zu)容(rong)(rong)分(fen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)來(lai)測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工頻耐壓試驗操作注意事項
1）試驗人(ren)員(yuan)應做(zuo)好分工，明確(que)相互間聯(lian)系方(fang)法。并有專門人(ren)監護現場**及觀察試品狀態。
2）被試品應先(xian)清掃干凈，并**干燥(zao)，以(yi)免損(sun)壞被試品和(he)試驗帶來的(de)誤差。
3）對于大型試驗(yan)，一般都應先進行空(kong)升試驗(yan)。即不(bu)接試品時升壓至試驗(yan)電(dian)壓，校對各種表計，調整球間隙(xi)。
4）升壓速(su)度不(bu)能太快，并(bing)必須(xu)防止突(tu)(tu)然(ran)加壓。例如調壓器不(bu)在零位時突(tu)(tu)然(ran)合閘。也不(bu)能突(tu)(tu)然(ran)切斷電源，一般應在調壓器降至零位時拉閘。
5）當電壓升至試驗(yan)電壓時，開(kai)始計時，到1min后，迅速降壓到1/3試驗(yan)電壓以下時，才能(neng)拉(la)開(kai)電源。
6）在升壓(ya)或(huo)耐壓(ya)試驗過程中，如發(fa)現(xian)下列不正(zheng)常(chang)情(qing)況時，應立即降壓(ya)，切斷電(dian)源。停(ting)止試驗并查明原因：①電(dian)壓(ya)表指針擺動很(hen)大；②發(fa)現(xian)絕緣燒焦或(huo)冒(mao)煙；③被試品(pin)內有(you)不正(zheng)常(chang)的聲音。
7）耐(nai)壓(ya)試驗(yan)前后應(ying)測量絕緣(yuan)電(dian)阻，檢查(cha)絕緣(yuan)情況。
試驗變壓器在做被(bei)試品的直流耐(nai)壓或泄露(lu)試驗時(shi)接(jie)線原理圖如圖6。
注：此(ci)試驗應(ying)先抽出(chu)短路桿“D”，圖6中所示(shi)。
圖中：VD—高壓(ya)硅堆(dui) R1—限流電阻 C1—高壓(ya)濾波電容 FRC—阻容分壓(ya)器 CX—被試(shi)品 μA—帶保護微安表
泄露試(shi)驗中限流(liu)電(dian)阻R1選擇在額定輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)，輸(shu)出(chu)端短路(lu)電(dian)流(liu)不超過高壓(ya)(ya)硅堆的(de)(de)*大整流(liu)。如電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)硅堆的(de)(de)*大整流(liu)電(dian)流(liu)為100mA時(shi)用(yong)于60kV的(de)(de)試(shi)驗裝置中，限流(liu)電(dian)阻按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇。限流(liu)電(dian)阻還應具(ju)有(you)足夠的(de)(de)容(rong)量和沿面放電(dian)距離。
高(gao)壓濾波電容(rong)C1一般(ban)選擇(ze)在0.01~0.1μF，當被試(shi)品的電容(rong)量很大時，C1可省(sheng)略不用。
泄露試驗的(de)操作(zuo)及(ji)注意事(shi)項
1）試驗前應先檢查被(bei)試品是否(fou)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)，接地放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，一切對外連(lian)線(xian)是否(fou)擦干凈。要(yao)嚴防(fang)將試驗電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓加到(dao)有人(ren)工作的(de)部(bu)位上去。
2）接(jie)好試(shi)驗裝置的(de)接(jie)線后，應復查無誤(wu)后才可加壓。應特別注意檢查高壓設備及引線與地、與操作人員的(de)**距離(li)，被試(shi)品的(de)外殼是否(fou)可靠接(jie)地，要按(an)**規(gui)程中所規(gui)定的(de)內容(rong)進(jin)行試(shi)驗。
3）對于大電(dian)(dian)容量設(she)備應(ying)緩(huan)慢升壓(ya)，防止被試品(pin)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流燒(shao)壞微(wei)安表。必要時應(ying)分級(ji)加壓(ya)，分別讀取各級(ji)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下微(wei)安表的穩定讀數(shu)。
4）試(shi)驗(yan)過程中，應(ying)密切(qie)監視被試(shi)品、試(shi)驗(yan)裝置(zhi)、微安表，一旦發(fa)生(sheng)擊(ji)穿、閃(shan)爍等異常現(xian)象應(ying)立即降壓，切(qie)斷電源，并(bing)查(cha)明原(yuan)因(yin)，詳(xiang)細(xi)記錄。
5）試驗完(wan)畢，降壓，切斷電源(yuan)后(hou)應將被試品(pin)及(ji)試驗裝置本身充分放電。
四、WBYD-10KVA/100KV工頻交流試驗變壓器注意事項
1、按(an)照您(nin)所進行(xing)的試驗接好工作線路(lu)。試驗變壓(ya)器的外(wai)(wai)殼以(yi)及操作系統的外(wai)(wai)殼必須可靠接地。試驗變壓(ya)器高壓(ya)繞組(zu)的X端(duan)(高壓(ya)尾)以(yi)及測量繞組(zu)的F端(duan)必須可靠接地。
2、做串級(ji)試驗(yan)時，**級(ji)、第三級(ji)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)低壓(ya)繞(rao)組的(de)(de)X端，測(ce)量繞(rao)組的(de)(de)F端以(yi)及高(gao)壓(ya)繞(rao)組的(de)(de)X端(高(gao)壓(ya)尾(wei))均接本級(ji)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)外(wai)殼(ke)。**級(ji)、第三級(ji)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)外(wai)殼(ke)必須通(tong)過(guo)絕緣支架接地。
3、接通(tong)電(dian)源前，操作系統的(de)調壓器必須(xu)調到零位后方可接通(tong)電(dian)源，合閘，開(kai)始升(sheng)壓。
4、從零(ling)開始(shi)均勻(yun)旋轉調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器手輪升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方法(fa)有：快速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即20s逐(zhu)(zhu)級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；慢速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即60s逐(zhu)(zhu)級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；極慢速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)供選用。電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)從零(ling)開始(shi)按一(yi)定的(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方式和(he)速(su)度上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您(nin)所(suo)(suo)需的(de)(de)額(e)定試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)75%后，在(zai)以(yi)(yi)每(mei)秒2%額(e)定試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)速(su)度升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您(nin)所(suo)(suo)需的(de)(de)額(e)定電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，并密切注意測量儀表的(de)(de)指示以(yi)(yi)及(ji)被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)的(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過程中(zhong)或(huo)試(shi)驗過程中(zhong)如發(fa)現(xian)測量儀表的(de)(de)指示及(ji)被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)情(qing)況(kuang)異(yi)常，應(ying)立(li)即降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，切斷電(dian)源，查明情(qing)況(kuang)。
5、試驗完畢后(hou)(hou)，應(ying)在數秒內勻(yun)速(su)的將(jiang)調壓器返回至零位，然后(hou)(hou)切(qie)斷電源(yuan)。
6、本產(chan)品不得超過額定(ding)參數(shu)使用。除試(shi)驗必須外，決不允許全電壓通電或(huo)斷(duan)電。
7、再升壓或耐(nai)壓試驗過程(cheng)中，如發現以下不正常情況時，應立即降(jiang)壓，切斷(duan)電(dian)源，停止試驗并查明原因(yin)。
⑴電壓表指針擺動(或數字跳動)很大
⑵電流表直(zhi)線上升
被(bei)試品內有不正常的聲音
8、圖(tu)1中第9項(xiang)系壓(ya)力(li)(li)閥(fa)及壓(ya)力(li)(li)表，為(wei)長期關閉(bi)狀態。每6個月開閥(fa)一(yi)次(ci)，以(yi)檢查SF6壓(ya)力(li)(li)，應(ying)不小于(yu)0.2MPa(檢查壓(ya)力(li)(li)后立即關閉(bi)閥(fa)門(men))，低于(yu)0.2MPa時應(ying)加SF6氣體，以(yi)增(zeng)加氣絕緣。
9、耐壓實驗前(qian)后應測量(liang)被試設備的絕(jue)緣電阻，檢查(cha)絕(jue)緣情況。
10、當試驗變壓(ya)器長期不使用(yong)時，應放置于通風、干燥、無陽(yang)光直射(she)的(de)地方(fang)。
11、該(gai)產(chan)品不(bu)允許在(zai)高于45℃的溫度下長期存放、使(shi)用、放氣。
12、運輸搬(ban)運途(tu)中不得重力沖(chong)擊。
13、產品緊固(gu)件(jian)及壓力(li)閥(fa)、壓力(li)表不得擅自松動。
14、使用本(ben)產品做(zuo)高(gao)(gao)壓試驗(yan)時，出熟(shu)悉(xi)本(ben)說明書外，還必須嚴(yan)格執行國家有(you)關標準和操作(zuo)規程。可參照GB311-83《高(gao)(gao)壓輸變(bian)設備的絕緣配合，高(gao)(gao)壓試驗(yan)技(ji)術(shu)》；《電氣(qi)設備預(yu)防性試驗(yan)規程》等(deng)。
五、WBYD-10KVA/100KV工頻交流試驗變壓器容量選擇
標稱試驗變壓(ya)器(qi)容量(liang)Pn的確定(ding)公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中：
Pn——標(biao)稱試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器容量(kVA)
Vn——試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器的額(e)定輸(shu)出高壓(ya)的有效值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標稱電壓Vn≥1MV時，k=2；標稱電壓較(jiao)低時，k值可取高一(yi)些。
Ct——被試品的電容量(pF)
ω——角頻率，ω=2πf， f——試(shi)驗電源的頻率
被試設備的(de)電容量(liang)Ct可由交流電橋(qiao)測出(chu)。Ct的(de)變(bian)化很大，
可由(you)設備(bei)的類型而定。
典型數據如下：
簡(jian)單(dan)的棒(bang)式或懸式絕緣子 幾(ji)十(shi)微(wei)法
簡(jian)單的(de)分(fen)級(ji)套管(guan) ; 100～1000pF
電(dian)壓(ya)互感(gan)器(qi) 200 ～ 500pF
電力變壓器 < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高壓電力電纜和(he)油(you)浸紙絕緣 250～300pF/m
氣體絕緣 ～60pF/m
封閉變電站，SF6氣體絕緣 100～10000Pf;
對于不同(tong)的(de)(de)試驗(yan)電壓Vn，選擇不同(tong)的(de)(de)(適當(dang)的(de)(de))**系數k。
以下列出(chu)不同的(de)Vn所選(xuan)用的(de)k值供參(can)考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2