一、WBYD-350KV交直流高壓發生器概述
YDQ系(xi)列高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是根(gen)據《試驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)》標(biao)準,在油浸式(shi)試驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)而設計生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)體(ti)具有良好的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)氣(qi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)性能(neng)及優異的(de)(de)(de)滅弧(hu)性能(neng),其耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強(qiang)度(du)為同一壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下氮(dan)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)2.5倍(bei),擊穿電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)2.5倍(bei)。在0.25MPa下與油的(de)(de)(de)擊穿電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相等(deng),在0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下是油的(de)(de)(de)擊穿電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei),是一種優于(yu)油的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)一代超高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)絕(jue)緣(yuan)介質材料。該(gai)產(chan)品(pin)技術要求(qiu)完(wan)全符合《ZBK-41006-89》標(biao)準,它是油浸式(shi)輕型(xing)試驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)換代產(chan)品(pin)。該(gai)產(chan)品(pin)具有體(ti)積小(xiao)、重(zhong)量(liang)輕、不受(shou)氣(qi)候變化影響、電(dian)暈小(xiao)、現(xian)場搬運無需靜止可使(shi)用(yong)(yong),使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命長、免維修等(deng)特點。適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統、工礦企業、科研部(bu)門等(deng)對各種高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)氣(qi)設備、電(dian)氣(qi)元件、絕(jue)緣(yuan)材料進行工頻或(huo)直(zhi)流(liu)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)強(qiang)度(du)試驗(yan)(yan)。
二、WBYD-350KV交直流高壓發生器產品結構
YDQ系列高壓試驗變壓器(qi)采用單框(kuang)芯(xin)(xin)式鐵芯(xin)(xin)結(jie)構,初(chu)級繞(rao)組(zu)繞(rao)在鐵芯(xin)(xin)上(shang),高壓繞(rao)組(zu)在外(wai),這種同(tong)軸布置(zhi)減少(shao)了(le)漏磁通(tong),因而增大(da)了(le)繞(rao)組(zu)間的(de)耦合。產品的(de)外(wai)殼為圓柱灌式容器(qi)結(jie)構,能耐受0.8MPa以上(shang)壓力。其結(jie)構見(jian)圖1:
三、WBYD-350KV交直流高壓發生器工作原理
YDQ系(xi)列(lie)高(gao)壓(ya)試驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)為單(dan)相變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi),聯結組標(biao)號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用(yong)工(gong)頻220V(10kVA以(yi)上為380V)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源接入 (為本公司(si)生產(chan)的(de)試驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)配套專(zhuan)用(yong)設備,詳細資料請見其具體(ti)使用(yong)說明書(shu))系(xi)列(lie)操作箱(臺),經操作箱內自偶調(diao)壓(ya)器(qi)(50kVA以(yi)上調(diao)壓(ya)器(qi)外附(fu))調(diao)節至0~200V(或0~400V)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)輸出至YDQ試驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)初級繞組,根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁感應原理(li),在(zai)試驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)高(gao)壓(ya)繞組可(ke)獲得(de)試驗(yan)所需(xu)的(de)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器的工作原理圖見(jian)圖2。
單臺YDQ系(xi)列交(jiao)直流(liu)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的工作(zuo)原(yuan)理圖(tu)見圖(tu)3,圖(tu)中(zhong)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)套管中(zhong)裝有高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)硅(gui)堆(dui),串接(jie)在高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)回路中(zhong)作(zuo)半波(bo)整流(liu),以獲(huo)得(de)直流(liu)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。當用一(yi)短路桿(gan)將(jiang)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)硅(gui)堆(dui)短接(jie)時(shi)(shi),可獲(huo)得(de)工頻高(gao)(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya),作(zuo)為交(jiao)流(liu)輸出狀(zhuang)態;取消短路桿(gan)時(shi)(shi),作(zuo)為直流(liu)輸出狀(zhuang)態。
試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器高(gao)壓(ya)套管中(zhong)的高(gao)壓(ya)硅(gui)堆(dui)未(wei)畫出(chu),其原理與上圖相(xiang)同。
三臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)獲(huo)得更高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)接線原(yuan)理見圖4。串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)優越(yue)性,因(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)整個試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)裝置由(you)幾臺(tai)單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成,單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)容量(liang)(liang)小、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重量(liang)(liang)輕,便于運輸(shu)和安裝。它既然可(ke)串(chuan)接成高(gao)出幾倍的(de)(de)(de)單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)(zu)合使用,又可(ke)分(fen)開(kai)成幾套單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)單獨使用。整套裝置投(tou)資(zi)小,經濟實惠(hui)。圖5中,在**級(ji)(ji)和**級(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)每個單元(yuan)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中都有一個勵磁繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1和A2、C2。在三臺(tai)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原(yuan)理中,低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源加(jia)在試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)a1x1上,單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都是(shi)V。勵磁繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1給(gei)**級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian);**級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)勵磁繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)A2、C2給(gei)第(di)三級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和第(di)三級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)(xiang)體分(fen)別處在對(dui)地(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1V和2V的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)上,所(suo)以箱(xiang)(xiang)體對(dui)地(di)是(shi)絕緣的(de)(de)(de),試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)(xiang)體是(shi)接地(di)的(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)樣**級(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)額(e)定輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)別為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1V、2V、3V;其(qi)額(e)定容量(liang)(liang)分(fen)別為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)做被試品的工頻耐壓(ya)試驗(yan)使用接線原理圖(tu)見圖(tu)5。
圖(tu)中:R1—限流電(dian)阻 FRC—阻容分壓器(qi) RF—球(qiu)間隙保護電(dian)阻 G—球(qiu)間隙 CX—被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)
注:高壓尾必須(xu)可靠接地
工(gong)頻耐(nai)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)中限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)R1應根據試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)器的額(e)定(ding)容量(liang)(liang)來選擇。如高(gao)壓(ya)側(ce)額(e)定(ding)輸出(chu)電(dian)流(liu)在100~300mA時,可取(qu)0.5~1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya));高(gao)壓(ya)側(ce)額(e)定(ding)輸出(chu)電(dian)流(liu)為1A以上時,可取(qu)1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya))。常(chang)用水電(dian)阻(zu)作為限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu),管子(zi)長度可按150kV/m考慮(lv),管子(zi)粗細應具有(you)足夠的熱容量(liang)(liang)(水阻(zu)液(ye)配制(zhi)方法:用蒸餾(liu)水加入適量(liang)(liang)硫酸銅配制(zhi)成各(ge)種不(bu)同的阻(zu)值)。
球間(jian)隙(xi)及(ji)保護電(dian)阻(zu):當電(dian)壓超過球間(jian)隙(xi)整定(ding)值時(shi)(一般(ban)取試驗電(dian)壓的110%~120%),球間(jian)隙(xi)放電(dian),對(dui)被試品起到(dao)保護作用。球間(jian)隙(xi)保護電(dian)阻(zu)可按1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)壓)選取。
在工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)中,低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya))不是非常準確的(de),其原因是由于試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)存(cun)在著漏(lou)抗,在這(zhe)個漏(lou)抗上(shang)必然存(cun)在著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)或(huo)容升(sheng),使試(shi)(shi)品(pin)上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)(di)于或(huo)高(gao)于低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)表上(shang)反映出來的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時(shi),被(bei)試(shi)(shi)品(pin)上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya),也就(jiu)是所謂容升(sheng)現象。感應耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時(shi),試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)漏(lou)抗必然存(cun)在著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)。為(wei)了(le)準確測(ce)量(liang)被(bei)試(shi)(shi)品(pin)上(shang)所施加的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya),因此常在高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)接(jie)入FRC阻容分(fen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)來測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工頻耐壓試驗操作注(zhu)意(yi)事(shi)項
1)試(shi)驗人員應做好分工,明確相互間(jian)聯系(xi)方(fang)法(fa)。并有(you)專(zhuan)門人監(jian)護(hu)現場**及(ji)觀察試(shi)品狀態。
2)被(bei)(bei)試(shi)(shi)(shi)品應先清掃(sao)干凈,并(bing)**干燥,以免損壞被(bei)(bei)試(shi)(shi)(shi)品和(he)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗帶來的(de)誤差。
3)對于大型試驗(yan),一般(ban)都應先進行空升試驗(yan)。即不接試品時升壓至試驗(yan)電(dian)壓,校(xiao)對各種表計,調整球間隙。
4)升(sheng)壓(ya)速度(du)不能太快,并必須防止突(tu)(tu)然加壓(ya)。例如(ru)調壓(ya)器不在零(ling)位(wei)(wei)時突(tu)(tu)然合(he)閘(zha)。也不能突(tu)(tu)然切(qie)斷電源,一般應(ying)在調壓(ya)器降至(zhi)零(ling)位(wei)(wei)時拉閘(zha)。
5)當電壓升至試驗電壓時,開始計時,到(dao)1min后,迅速降壓到(dao)1/3試驗電壓以下時,才能拉開電源。
6)在升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)或耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗過程中,如(ru)發(fa)現下列不(bu)正常(chang)情況時(shi),應立即降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya),切(qie)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源。停止(zhi)試(shi)驗并查明原因(yin):①電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)表指(zhi)針(zhen)擺動很大(da);②發(fa)現絕緣燒焦或冒煙;③被(bei)試(shi)品內有不(bu)正常(chang)的聲音。
7)耐壓試驗前后應測(ce)量(liang)絕緣電阻,檢查絕緣情況。
試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器在做被試品的直(zhi)流耐壓(ya)或(huo)泄露(lu)試驗(yan)時(shi)接線(xian)原理(li)圖如圖6。
注:此試驗應(ying)先抽出短(duan)路桿“D”,圖6中所示。
圖中(zhong):VD—高壓硅堆 R1—限(xian)流電阻(zu) C1—高壓濾波電容 FRC—阻(zu)容分壓器 CX—被試品 μA—帶保(bao)護微安表
泄露試驗中限流(liu)電(dian)阻R1選擇在額(e)定輸出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時,輸出(chu)端短(duan)路電(dian)流(liu)不超過高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)硅堆的*大整流(liu)。如(ru)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)硅堆的*大整流(liu)電(dian)流(liu)為100mA時用于60kV的試驗裝(zhuang)置中,限流(liu)電(dian)阻按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇。限流(liu)電(dian)阻還應具有(you)足夠的容量和沿面(mian)放電(dian)距離。
高壓(ya)濾(lv)波電容C1一般(ban)選擇在0.01~0.1μF,當被(bei)試品的電容量很大時(shi),C1可(ke)省略不用。
泄露(lu)試(shi)驗(yan)的操作及注意(yi)事項
1)試(shi)(shi)驗前應(ying)先檢查被(bei)試(shi)(shi)品是(shi)否停電(dian),接地放電(dian),一切對外連線是(shi)否擦(ca)干凈。要嚴防將(jiang)試(shi)(shi)驗電(dian)壓加到有(you)人工作的部(bu)位上去。
2)接好試驗裝(zhuang)置的(de)接線(xian)后,應(ying)(ying)復(fu)查無(wu)誤后才可(ke)加壓。應(ying)(ying)特(te)別注(zhu)意檢查高壓設備及引線(xian)與(yu)地、與(yu)操作人員的(de)**距離,被試品的(de)外殼(ke)是(shi)否可(ke)靠接地,要按**規程中所規定的(de)內容進(jin)行試驗。
3)對(dui)于(yu)大電容量設備應緩(huan)慢(man)升(sheng)壓,防止被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)的充(chong)電電流燒壞微安表(biao)。必要時(shi)應分(fen)級加壓,分(fen)別讀(du)取各級電壓下微安表(biao)的穩定讀(du)數。
4)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)過程中,應密切監視被試(shi)(shi)品、試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)裝置、微安表,一旦(dan)發(fa)生擊(ji)穿、閃爍等異(yi)常現象應立(li)即降壓,切斷電源,并查明原(yuan)因,詳(xiang)細記錄。
5)試驗(yan)完畢,降壓,切斷電源后應將(jiang)被試品及試驗(yan)裝置本身充分放(fang)電。
四、WBYD-350KV交直流高壓發生器注意事項
1、按(an)照您所進行的試(shi)(shi)驗接(jie)好(hao)工作線路。試(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的外殼以及操(cao)作系(xi)統的外殼必須可靠接(jie)地。試(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)高(gao)壓(ya)繞(rao)組的X端(duan)(高(gao)壓(ya)尾)以及測量(liang)繞(rao)組的F端(duan)必須可靠接(jie)地。
2、做(zuo)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)時,**級(ji)(ji)、第三級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器(qi)的(de)(de)低壓繞(rao)組的(de)(de)X端,測量繞(rao)組的(de)(de)F端以及高(gao)壓繞(rao)組的(de)(de)X端(高(gao)壓尾)均(jun)接本(ben)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器(qi)的(de)(de)外殼(ke)。**級(ji)(ji)、第三級(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器(qi)的(de)(de)外殼(ke)必(bi)須(xu)通過絕緣支架接地。
3、接通電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)前(qian),操作系(xi)統的調(diao)壓器必(bi)須調(diao)到(dao)零位后(hou)方可接通電(dian)(dian)源(yuan),合閘(zha),開始(shi)升壓。
4、從零開(kai)始(shi)(shi)均勻旋轉(zhuan)調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器手(shou)輪升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方法(fa)有:快速升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa),即20s逐(zhu)級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa);慢速升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa),即60s逐(zhu)級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa);極(ji)慢速升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)供(gong)選用。電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)從零開(kai)始(shi)(shi)按一定的(de)(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方式(shi)和速度上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您所(suo)需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)額(e)定試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)75%后,在以每秒2%額(e)定試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)速度升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您所(suo)需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)額(e)定電壓(ya)(ya)(ya),并密切注(zhu)意測(ce)量儀(yi)表的(de)(de)(de)指示以及被(bei)試(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過程中(zhong)或(huo)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗過程中(zhong)如發現測(ce)量儀(yi)表的(de)(de)(de)指示及被(bei)試(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)情況(kuang)異常,應立即降壓(ya)(ya)(ya),切斷電源,查明情況(kuang)。
5、試驗完畢后,應在數秒內勻速的將(jiang)調(diao)壓器(qi)返回至零位(wei),然后切斷電源(yuan)。
6、本產品不(bu)得超過(guo)額(e)定(ding)參數使用。除(chu)試驗(yan)必須外,決不(bu)允許全電(dian)壓通電(dian)或斷(duan)電(dian)。
7、再升壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試驗(yan)過程中,如發現以下不正常情(qing)況(kuang)時,應立即降壓(ya),切(qie)斷電源,停(ting)止(zhi)試驗(yan)并查明原因。
⑴電壓(ya)表指針(zhen)擺動(或數字跳(tiao)動)很大(da)
⑵電流表直線上(shang)升
被試品內有不正常的(de)聲音
8、圖1中第9項系壓力(li)閥(fa)及(ji)壓力(li)表,為長期關(guan)閉(bi)狀態。每6個月開閥(fa)一次(ci),以(yi)(yi)檢查SF6壓力(li),應不小于(yu)0.2MPa(檢查壓力(li)后立即關(guan)閉(bi)閥(fa)門(men)),低(di)于(yu)0.2MPa時應加SF6氣(qi)體,以(yi)(yi)增加氣(qi)絕(jue)緣。
9、耐壓實驗(yan)前后(hou)應(ying)測(ce)量被(bei)試設備的絕緣電阻,檢查(cha)絕緣情況。
10、當試驗變壓器長期不使用時(shi),應放置于通風、干燥、無陽光(guang)直射(she)的地方。
11、該產品不允許(xu)在(zai)高于45℃的溫(wen)度下長期存放、使用、放氣。
12、運(yun)輸(shu)搬運(yun)途中不(bu)得重力(li)沖擊。
13、產品緊固(gu)件(jian)及壓(ya)力閥、壓(ya)力表(biao)不得擅自松動。
14、使用(yong)本產品做高(gao)壓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時(shi),出熟悉本說明書(shu)外(wai),還必須嚴格(ge)執(zhi)行國家(jia)有關標(biao)準和操作規程。可參照GB311-83《高(gao)壓輸變設(she)備的絕緣配合,高(gao)壓試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)技術》;《電氣設(she)備預防性(xing)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)規程》等(deng)。
五、WBYD-350KV交直流高壓發生器容量選擇
標(biao)稱試驗(yan)變(bian)壓器容量Pn的確定公式:Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式(shi)中(zhong):
Pn——標(biao)稱試驗(yan)變壓器容(rong)量(liang)(kVA)
Vn——試驗(yan)變壓器的額定輸出(chu)高(gao)壓的有效(xiao)值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1,標稱電(dian)壓Vn≥1MV時,k=2;標稱電(dian)壓較(jiao)低時,k值可取高一些。
Ct——被試(shi)品的電容量(pF)
ω——角(jiao)頻率,ω=2πf, f——試驗電(dian)源(yuan)的(de)頻率
被試設備的電容量Ct可由交流電橋測(ce)出。Ct的變化很大,
可由設備的類(lei)型而(er)定。
典(dian)型數據如下(xia):
簡單的(de)棒(bang)式或懸式絕緣子 幾十微法
簡(jian)單的分(fen)級(ji)套管 100~1000pF
電(dian)壓互感器 200 ~ 500pF
電力(li)變壓器 < 1000kVA ~1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000~10000pF
高壓電力(li)電纜(lan)和(he)油浸紙(zhi)絕(jue)緣 250~300pF/m
氣體絕(jue)緣(yuan) ~60pF/m
封閉變電(dian)站(zhan),SF6氣體(ti)絕(jue)緣(yuan) 100~10000Pf;
對于(yu)不同的試(shi)驗電壓Vn,選擇不同的(適當的)**系(xi)數(shu)k。
以下列出不(bu)同(tong)的Vn所選用的k值供參考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2