一、WBYD-300KV交直流高壓發生器概述
YDQ系(xi)列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)是根據《試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)》標(biao)(biao)準，在(zai)(zai)油浸(jin)式試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)基礎上而設計生產(chan)(chan)的(de)。SF6氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)具有良好的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)絕緣(yuan)性能及優異(yi)的(de)滅弧性能，其耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強度為同(tong)一(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)氮氣(qi)(qi)的(de)2.5倍(bei)(bei)，擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)空氣(qi)(qi)的(de)2.5倍(bei)(bei)。在(zai)(zai)0.25MPa下(xia)與油的(de)擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相(xiang)等，在(zai)(zai)0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)是油的(de)擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)2倍(bei)(bei)，是一(yi)種優于油的(de)新一(yi)代超高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)絕緣(yuan)介(jie)質材(cai)(cai)料(liao)。該(gai)產(chan)(chan)品技術要求完全(quan)符合《ZBK-41006-89》標(biao)(biao)準，它是油浸(jin)式輕(qing)型試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)換代產(chan)(chan)品。該(gai)產(chan)(chan)品具有體(ti)積小、重(zhong)量輕(qing)、不受氣(qi)(qi)候變(bian)化影響、電(dian)(dian)暈小、現場(chang)搬運無(wu)需靜止可使用(yong)(yong)，使用(yong)(yong)壽命長、免維(wei)修等特(te)點。適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統、工(gong)(gong)礦企(qi)業、科研部門等對各種高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設備、電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)元件、絕緣(yuan)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)進行工(gong)(gong)頻或直(zhi)流(liu)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)的(de)絕緣(yuan)強度試驗(yan)。
二、WBYD-300KV交直流高壓發生器產品結構
YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)采用單框芯(xin)式鐵芯(xin)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)，初級繞組(zu)繞在鐵芯(xin)上(shang)，高(gao)壓(ya)繞組(zu)在外(wai)，這(zhe)種(zhong)同軸布(bu)置(zhi)減少(shao)了(le)漏磁通(tong)，因而增大了(le)繞組(zu)間的耦(ou)合。產品(pin)的外(wai)殼為圓柱(zhu)灌式容器(qi)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)，能耐受0.8MPa以上(shang)壓(ya)力(li)。其結(jie)構(gou)(gou)見(jian)圖1：
三、WBYD-300KV交直流高壓發生器工作原理
YDQ系列高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器為單相變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器，聯結組標(biao)號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用工頻(pin)220V(10kVA以上為380V)電源(yuan)接入 (為本公司生產的試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器配套專用設備(bei)，詳(xiang)細資(zi)料請見其具體(ti)使(shi)用說明(ming)書)系列操(cao)作(zuo)箱(xiang)(臺)，經操(cao)作(zuo)箱(xiang)內自偶調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(50kVA以上調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器外附)調(diao)節至0～200V(或0～400V)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)輸出至YDQ試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的初級繞組，根(gen)據電磁感(gan)應原理，在試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞組可(ke)獲得試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)所需(xu)的高電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列高壓試驗變(bian)壓器的工作(zuo)原(yuan)理圖見圖2。
單臺YDQ系列交直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)高(gao)壓試驗變壓器(qi)的工作原理(li)圖(tu)見圖(tu)3，圖(tu)中高(gao)壓套管中裝有高(gao)壓硅堆，串接在(zai)高(gao)壓回路中作半波整流(liu)(liu)，以獲得直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)高(gao)電壓。當用一短(duan)路桿(gan)將高(gao)壓硅堆短(duan)接時，可獲得工頻高(gao)電壓，作為(wei)交流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)出狀(zhuang)態；取消短(duan)路桿(gan)時，作為(wei)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)出狀(zhuang)態。
試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器高(gao)壓(ya)套管中的高(gao)壓(ya)硅堆(dui)未(wei)畫(hua)出，其原理(li)與(yu)上圖相(xiang)同。
三臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得(de)更高電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)接線原理見圖(tu)4。串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有很大的(de)優越(yue)性，因為整個試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置由幾臺(tai)(tai)單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)容量小、電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重(zhong)量輕(qing)，便于運輸(shu)(shu)和安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)。它既然可串接成(cheng)高出幾倍的(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)合使用，又可分(fen)開成(cheng)幾套單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)獨使用。整套裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置投資小，經濟實惠。圖(tu)5中(zhong)，在(zai)(zai)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)每(mei)個單(dan)(dan)(dan)元試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)都(dou)(dou)有一個勵磁繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)A1、C1和A2、C2。在(zai)(zai)三臺(tai)(tai)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原理中(zhong)，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)源加在(zai)(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)a1x1上(shang)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都(dou)(dou)是(shi)V。勵磁繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)A1、C1給**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)勵磁繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)A2、C2給第(di)(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和第(di)(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)箱體(ti)分(fen)別(bie)處(chu)在(zai)(zai)對地為1V和2V的(de)高電(dian)(dian)位上(shang)，所(suo)以箱體(ti)對地是(shi)絕緣的(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)箱體(ti)是(shi)接地的(de)。這樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)對地的(de)額定輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)別(bie)為1V、2V、3V；其額定容量分(fen)別(bie)為3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高壓試驗(yan)變壓器做被試品的工頻耐壓試驗(yan)使用接(jie)線(xian)原理圖見圖5。
圖中：R1—限流(liu)電阻 FRC—阻容分壓器 RF—球(qiu)(qiu)間隙保護電阻 G—球(qiu)(qiu)間隙 CX—被試品
注：高壓(ya)尾(wei)必須可靠接地(di)
工頻耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗中(zhong)限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)R1應根(gen)據試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器的(de)(de)額(e)(e)定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)來(lai)選擇。如高(gao)壓(ya)側額(e)(e)定(ding)輸出(chu)電(dian)流(liu)在(zai)100～300mA時(shi)，可(ke)取0.5～1Ω/V(試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya))；高(gao)壓(ya)側額(e)(e)定(ding)輸出(chu)電(dian)流(liu)為(wei)1A以上時(shi)，可(ke)取1Ω/V(試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya))。常用水(shui)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)作(zuo)為(wei)限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)，管(guan)子(zi)長度可(ke)按150kV/m考慮，管(guan)子(zi)粗細應具有足夠的(de)(de)熱容(rong)量(liang)(水(shui)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)液配(pei)制方法：用蒸餾水(shui)加入適量(liang)硫酸銅配(pei)制成各種不同的(de)(de)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值)。
球(qiu)(qiu)間隙(xi)(xi)及(ji)保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)：當電(dian)(dian)壓超過球(qiu)(qiu)間隙(xi)(xi)整(zheng)定值時(一(yi)般(ban)取試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓的110%~120%)，球(qiu)(qiu)間隙(xi)(xi)放電(dian)(dian)，對被試(shi)品(pin)起到保(bao)護(hu)作(zuo)用。球(qiu)(qiu)間隙(xi)(xi)保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)可按1Ω/V(試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓)選取。
在(zai)(zai)工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)中，低電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不(bu)是(shi)非常(chang)準(zhun)(zhun)確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，其原因(yin)是(shi)由于(yu)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)存在(zai)(zai)著漏(lou)抗(kang)，在(zai)(zai)這個(ge)漏(lou)抗(kang)上必然存在(zai)(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降或容(rong)升，使試(shi)品(pin)(pin)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低于(yu)或高于(yu)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表上反映(ying)出(chu)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)時，被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)(pin)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于(yu)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就(jiu)是(shi)所謂容(rong)升現象。感應耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)時，試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漏(lou)抗(kang)必然存在(zai)(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為了(le)準(zhun)(zhun)確測(ce)量被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)(pin)上所施加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因(yin)此常(chang)在(zai)(zai)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)接入FRC阻容(rong)分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)來測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工頻耐壓試驗操作(zuo)注意事項
1）試(shi)驗人員應(ying)做(zuo)好分工，明確相互間聯系方法(fa)。并有專門人監(jian)護現場(chang)**及(ji)觀察(cha)試(shi)品狀態(tai)。
2）被試(shi)品應先清(qing)掃干凈，并**干燥，以免損壞被試(shi)品和試(shi)驗帶來的誤差。
3）對于大型試(shi)(shi)驗，一(yi)般(ban)都應(ying)先(xian)進行(xing)空升(sheng)試(shi)(shi)驗。即不接試(shi)(shi)品時(shi)升(sheng)壓至試(shi)(shi)驗電壓，校對各種表計，調整(zheng)球間(jian)隙。
4）升壓速度不(bu)能太快(kuai)，并必須防止突然加壓。例如調壓器不(bu)在零(ling)位時突然合(he)閘。也不(bu)能突然切斷電源，一(yi)般應在調壓器降(jiang)至零(ling)位時拉閘。
5）當電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)升至試驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)，開始計(ji)時(shi)，到1min后，迅速降壓(ya)(ya)到1/3試驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)以下時(shi)，才能拉開電(dian)源。
6）在升壓或耐壓試驗過程中，如(ru)發現下列不正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)情況時，應立即降壓，切斷電源。停(ting)止(zhi)試驗并(bing)查明(ming)原因(yin)：①電壓表指(zhi)針擺(bai)動很大(da)；②發現絕緣燒焦或冒煙(yan)；③被試品內(nei)有不正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)的聲音。
7）耐壓試驗前后應測量絕(jue)緣(yuan)電阻，檢(jian)查絕(jue)緣(yuan)情況。
試驗變壓器在做被試品的直流耐壓或泄(xie)露試驗時接線原(yuan)理圖如(ru)圖6。
注：此試驗(yan)應先抽出短路桿“D”，圖6中(zhong)所示。
圖(tu)中(zhong)：VD—高壓(ya)硅堆 R1—限流電阻(zu)(zu) C1—高壓(ya)濾波(bo)電容 FRC—阻(zu)(zu)容分壓(ya)器 CX—被(bei)試(shi)品 μA—帶保護微安表
泄露試驗中限流電(dian)阻R1選(xuan)擇在額定輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時，輸(shu)出(chu)端短(duan)路電(dian)流不超過(guo)高壓(ya)(ya)硅堆的*大(da)整流。如電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)硅堆的*大(da)整流電(dian)流為100mA時用于60kV的試驗裝置中，限流電(dian)阻按(an)R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選(xuan)擇。限流電(dian)阻還應具(ju)有足夠(gou)的容量和沿面放電(dian)距離(li)。
高壓濾波(bo)電(dian)容C1一般選擇(ze)在0.01~0.1μF，當被(bei)試品(pin)的(de)電(dian)容量很大時(shi)，C1可省(sheng)略不用。
泄露試驗的操(cao)作及注(zhu)意事項
1）試(shi)驗前應先檢查被試(shi)品是否停電，接地放(fang)電，一切對(dui)外連(lian)線是否擦干凈。要嚴防(fang)將試(shi)驗電壓(ya)加到有人工作的部位上去。
2）接好試(shi)驗裝置的接線(xian)后(hou)，應(ying)復查無誤(wu)后(hou)才可(ke)(ke)加(jia)壓。應(ying)特別(bie)注意檢查高壓設(she)備及引(yin)線(xian)與地、與操作人(ren)員的**距離(li)，被試(shi)品的外殼(ke)是否(fou)可(ke)(ke)靠接地，要(yao)按**規程中所(suo)規定的內容進行試(shi)驗。
3）對于(yu)大電(dian)容量設備應緩慢(man)升壓，防止被試品的充電(dian)電(dian)流燒壞微(wei)安(an)(an)表(biao)。必(bi)要時應分(fen)級加壓，分(fen)別讀(du)取各級電(dian)壓下(xia)微(wei)安(an)(an)表(biao)的穩定(ding)讀(du)數。
4）試驗過程中(zhong)，應密切監視被試品、試驗裝置、微安表(biao)，一(yi)旦發生擊穿(chuan)、閃(shan)爍等(deng)異常現象應立即(ji)降壓，切斷電源，并查明原因(yin)，詳細記錄(lu)。
5）試(shi)驗完畢(bi)，降壓(ya)，切斷電源后(hou)應將被試(shi)品及試(shi)驗裝(zhuang)置本身充(chong)分放電。
四、WBYD-300KV交直流高壓發生器注意事項
1、按照您(nin)所進行的試驗接(jie)好工作線路。試驗變(bian)壓器的外殼(ke)(ke)以(yi)及操作系統的外殼(ke)(ke)必須(xu)可(ke)靠接(jie)地。試驗變(bian)壓器高壓繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)的X端(高壓尾(wei))以(yi)及測(ce)量(liang)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)的F端必須(xu)可(ke)靠接(jie)地。
2、做(zuo)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)試驗時，**級(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)低(di)壓(ya)繞組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)X端(duan)，測(ce)量繞組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)F端(duan)以及高壓(ya)繞組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)X端(duan)(高壓(ya)尾)均接本級(ji)(ji)(ji)試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)殼。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)殼必須通過絕緣支架(jia)接地。
3、接(jie)通電源(yuan)前，操作系統的調(diao)壓器必須調(diao)到零位后方(fang)可接(jie)通電源(yuan)，合閘，開始升壓。
4、從零開始均(jun)勻旋轉調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器手輪升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方法(fa)有：快速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即(ji)20s逐級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；慢速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即(ji)60s逐級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；極慢速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)供選用。電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)從零開始按一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方式和速(su)度上升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您所需的(de)(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)(ding)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)75%后，在以每秒2%額(e)定(ding)(ding)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)速(su)度升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您所需的(de)(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，并(bing)密(mi)切注(zhu)意測(ce)量儀表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)示以及被(bei)試(shi)(shi)品的(de)(de)(de)情況。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過(guo)程中或試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)過(guo)程中如發現測(ce)量儀表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)示及被(bei)試(shi)(shi)品情況異常，應立即(ji)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，切斷電(dian)源(yuan)，查明情況。
5、試驗完畢后，應在數秒內勻(yun)速的將調壓器返回至零位，然后切(qie)斷電源。
6、本產品不得超過(guo)額定參數使用。除試(shi)驗必須外，決不允許(xu)全電(dian)壓通電(dian)或斷電(dian)。
7、再升壓(ya)或耐(nai)壓(ya)試驗(yan)過程中(zhong)，如(ru)發現以(yi)下不正常(chang)情況時，應立即降壓(ya)，切斷(duan)電源(yuan)，停止試驗(yan)并查明(ming)原因。
⑴電壓表指(zhi)針擺(bai)動(或(huo)數(shu)字(zi)跳(tiao)動)很大(da)
⑵電流表直線上升(sheng)
被試品(pin)內有不正常的聲(sheng)音
8、圖1中第9項系壓力閥及壓力表，為(wei)長(chang)期(qi)關閉(bi)狀態。每6個月(yue)開(kai)閥一次，以檢(jian)查SF6壓力，應不(bu)小于0.2MPa(檢(jian)查壓力后立即關閉(bi)閥門)，低(di)于0.2MPa時應加(jia)SF6氣體，以增加(jia)氣絕緣。
9、耐壓實驗前后應測量被試設備的絕(jue)緣電(dian)阻(zu)，檢查絕(jue)緣情況(kuang)。
10、當試驗(yan)變壓器(qi)長(chang)期(qi)不使(shi)用時，應放置(zhi)于(yu)通風、干燥、無陽光直射的地方。
11、該(gai)產品不(bu)允許在高于(yu)45℃的溫度下長(chang)期存放(fang)、使用、放(fang)氣。
12、運(yun)輸(shu)搬運(yun)途(tu)中不得重(zhong)力沖擊。
13、產品緊固件及(ji)壓力閥、壓力表不得(de)擅自松動。
14、使用本產品做高(gao)壓(ya)試驗(yan)時，出熟(shu)悉(xi)本說明(ming)書外，還必(bi)須嚴格執行國家有關標準和操作規(gui)程。可參照GB311-83《高(gao)壓(ya)輸變設(she)備(bei)的絕(jue)緣配合，高(gao)壓(ya)試驗(yan)技術》；《電氣(qi)設(she)備(bei)預防性試驗(yan)規(gui)程》等。
五、WBYD-300KV交直流高壓發生器容量選擇
標稱試驗變壓器容量Pn的確定公式(shi)：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中：
Pn——標(biao)稱試驗變壓器容(rong)量(kVA)
Vn——試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的額定輸出高壓(ya)(ya)的有效值(zhi)(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標(biao)稱電壓(ya)Vn≥1MV時，k=2；標(biao)稱電壓(ya)較低時，k值可(ke)取高一些。
Ct——被試(shi)品的(de)電容量(pF)
ω——角頻率，ω=2πf， f——試(shi)驗電源(yuan)的頻率
被試設備的(de)電容量Ct可由交(jiao)流(liu)電橋測出。Ct的(de)變化很(hen)大，
可由設備(bei)的類型而定。
典型數據如(ru)下(xia)：
簡單的棒式或懸式絕(jue)緣子(zi) 幾十微法
簡單的分級套管 ; 100～1000pF
電(dian)壓互(hu)感器 200 ～ 500pF
電力變壓器 < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高(gao)壓電力(li)電纜和油浸(jin)紙絕緣 250～300pF/m
氣體絕緣 ～60pF/m
封閉變電站，SF6氣體(ti)絕緣 100～10000Pf;
對于不同的試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)Vn，選擇不同的(適當(dang)的)**系數k。
以下列(lie)出不同(tong)的Vn所選用的k值供參考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV ; k = 3
Vn > 300kV ; k = 2