一(yi)、WBYD-200KV交流耐壓變壓器概述
YDQ系(xi)列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)是根(gen)據《試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)》標準(zhun)，在(zai)油(you)浸式(shi)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)基礎上而(er)設計生產(chan)的(de)。SF6氣體具(ju)有(you)良好的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣絕緣(yuan)性(xing)能及(ji)優(you)異的(de)滅弧性(xing)能，其耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強度為同一(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)(xia)氮氣的(de)2.5倍，擊(ji)穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)空氣的(de)2.5倍。在(zai)0.25MPa下(xia)(xia)與油(you)的(de)擊(ji)穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相(xiang)等，在(zai)0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)(xia)是油(you)的(de)擊(ji)穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)2倍，是一(yi)種優(you)于油(you)的(de)新一(yi)代(dai)超高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)絕緣(yuan)介質材料。該(gai)產(chan)品技術要(yao)求(qiu)完(wan)全符合《ZBK-41006-89》標準(zhun)，它(ta)是油(you)浸式(shi)輕(qing)型試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)換代(dai)產(chan)品。該(gai)產(chan)品具(ju)有(you)體積小(xiao)、重量輕(qing)、不受氣候變(bian)化影響、電(dian)(dian)暈小(xiao)、現(xian)場搬運無需靜止可使用(yong)，使用(yong)壽命長、免維(wei)修等特(te)點。適用(yong)于電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統、工(gong)礦企業、科研部門等對各種高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)氣設備(bei)、電(dian)(dian)氣元件、絕緣(yuan)材料進行工(gong)頻或(huo)直(zhi)流高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)(xia)的(de)絕緣(yuan)強度試(shi)驗(yan)。
二、WBYD-200KV交流耐壓變壓器產品結構
YDQ系(xi)列(lie)高壓試驗變壓器(qi)采用單框芯(xin)式鐵芯(xin)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構，初級繞組(zu)(zu)繞在(zai)鐵芯(xin)上，高壓繞組(zu)(zu)在(zai)外(wai)，這種(zhong)同軸布置減少了(le)漏磁通，因而(er)增大了(le)繞組(zu)(zu)間(jian)的(de)(de)耦(ou)合。產品的(de)(de)外(wai)殼為圓(yuan)柱灌式容(rong)器(qi)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構，能耐(nai)受0.8MPa以上壓力。其結(jie)(jie)(jie)構見(jian)圖1：
三、WBYD-200KV交流耐壓變壓器工作原理
YDQ系列高壓試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器為單相變壓器，聯結組標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用(yong)工(gong)頻(pin)220V(10kVA以(yi)上(shang)為380V)電源接入 (為本公司生產(chan)的試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器配套專(zhuan)用(yong)設(she)備，詳細資料請(qing)見其具體使用(yong)說(shuo)明書)系列操(cao)作(zuo)箱(xiang)(臺)，經操(cao)作(zuo)箱(xiang)內自偶調壓器(50kVA以(yi)上(shang)調壓器外(wai)附(fu))調節至0～200V(或0～400V)電壓輸出至YDQ試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器的初級繞組，根據(ju)電磁感應原理(li)，在試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器高壓繞組可獲得試(shi)驗(yan)所需的高電壓。
單臺YDQ系列(lie)高壓試(shi)驗變壓器(qi)的工作原理圖見(jian)圖2。
單臺YDQ系列(lie)交直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器的工作原(yuan)理圖見(jian)圖3，圖中(zhong)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)套(tao)管中(zhong)裝有高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)硅堆，串接在(zai)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)回(hui)路(lu)中(zhong)作半(ban)波整流(liu)(liu)，以獲(huo)得(de)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)高(gao)(gao)電壓(ya)。當用一(yi)短路(lu)桿將高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)硅堆短接時，可獲(huo)得(de)工頻高(gao)(gao)電壓(ya)，作為交流(liu)(liu)輸出(chu)(chu)狀態；取消(xiao)短路(lu)桿時，作為直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)輸出(chu)(chu)狀態。
試驗變壓(ya)器高壓(ya)套管中的高壓(ya)硅堆未(wei)畫出，其原理與上(shang)圖相同(tong)。
三臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)串(chuan)(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更高電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)接線原理見圖(tu)4。串(chuan)(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有很大的(de)優越性，因為整個試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)由幾臺單(dan)(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)成，單(dan)(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)容(rong)量(liang)小、電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)、重量(liang)輕，便(bian)于(yu)運輸和安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)。它既然可(ke)(ke)串(chuan)(chuan)接成高出(chu)幾倍的(de)單(dan)(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸出(chu)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)合使(shi)用(yong)，又(you)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)開成幾套單(dan)(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)(dan)獨(du)使(shi)用(yong)。整套裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)投資小，經濟實(shi)惠。圖(tu)5中，在**級(ji)(ji)(ji)和**級(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)每個單(dan)(dan)元試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中都有一個勵磁繞組(zu)(zu)A1、C1和A2、C2。在三臺串(chuan)(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)基(ji)本原理中，低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電源(yuan)加在試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)a1x1上，單(dan)(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)輸出(chu)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都是V。勵磁繞組(zu)(zu)A1、C1給(gei)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)供(gong)電；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)勵磁繞組(zu)(zu)A2、C2給(gei)第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)供(gong)電。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)箱體分(fen)(fen)別處在對地(di)為1V和2V的(de)高電位上，所以箱體對地(di)是絕(jue)緣的(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)箱體是接地(di)的(de)。這樣(yang)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)、第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)對地(di)的(de)額定輸出(chu)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)(fen)別為1V、2V、3V；其額定容(rong)量(liang)分(fen)(fen)別為3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系(xi)列(lie)高壓(ya)(ya)試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)做被試品的(de)工頻(pin)耐壓(ya)(ya)試驗使(shi)用(yong)接線原(yuan)理圖(tu)見圖(tu)5。
圖(tu)中：R1—限流電阻(zu) FRC—阻(zu)容分壓器(qi) RF—球間隙保護(hu)電阻(zu) G—球間隙 CX—被試品
注(zhu)：高壓尾必須可靠接地
工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)中(zhong)限流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R1應(ying)(ying)根據試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)額(e)定容量(liang)(liang)來(lai)選(xuan)擇。如高壓(ya)(ya)側額(e)定輸出電(dian)(dian)流在100～300mA時，可取0.5～1Ω/V(試驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya))；高壓(ya)(ya)側額(e)定輸出電(dian)(dian)流為1A以上時，可取1Ω/V(試驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya))。常用水電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)作(zuo)為限流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，管子(zi)長度可按150kV/m考(kao)慮，管子(zi)粗細應(ying)(ying)具有足(zu)夠(gou)的(de)(de)熱容量(liang)(liang)(水阻(zu)液(ye)配(pei)制方法(fa)：用蒸(zheng)餾水加(jia)入適量(liang)(liang)硫(liu)酸銅配(pei)制成各種不同的(de)(de)阻(zu)值(zhi))。
球(qiu)間(jian)隙及保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)阻：當電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)超過球(qiu)間(jian)隙整定(ding)值時(一(yi)般取試(shi)(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的110%~120%)，球(qiu)間(jian)隙放(fang)電(dian)(dian)，對被試(shi)(shi)品起(qi)到保(bao)護作(zuo)用。球(qiu)間(jian)隙保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)阻可(ke)按1Ω/V(試(shi)(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya))選取。
在(zai)工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中，低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表(biao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不(bu)是(shi)非常準確的(de)(de)，其原因是(shi)由于(yu)(yu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器存(cun)在(zai)著(zhu)漏抗(kang)，在(zai)這個漏抗(kang)上必然(ran)存(cun)在(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降或容升，使(shi)試(shi)品上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低于(yu)(yu)或高于(yu)(yu)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)上反(fan)映出來的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時，被試(shi)品上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于(yu)(yu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是(shi)所謂容升現(xian)象。感應耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時，試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)漏抗(kang)必然(ran)存(cun)在(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為了準確測量被試(shi)品上所施加的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此常在(zai)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)接入FRC阻容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器來測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見(jian)圖5)。
工(gong)頻(pin)耐(nai)壓試驗操作注意事項
1）試驗人員應做(zuo)好分工(gong)，明確相(xiang)互(hu)間聯系方法。并有專門人監(jian)護現場**及觀察(cha)試品狀態。
2）被試(shi)品(pin)應先清掃干凈，并**干燥(zao)，以(yi)免(mian)損壞被試(shi)品(pin)和試(shi)驗帶來(lai)的誤差。
3）對于大型試(shi)(shi)驗，一般都應(ying)先進行(xing)空升試(shi)(shi)驗。即不接試(shi)(shi)品時升壓至試(shi)(shi)驗電壓，校對各種表(biao)計，調整球間隙。
4）升壓速(su)度不(bu)(bu)能太(tai)快，并必須(xu)防(fang)止突(tu)然加壓。例如(ru)調壓器不(bu)(bu)在零位時(shi)突(tu)然合閘。也(ye)不(bu)(bu)能突(tu)然切斷電源，一般應在調壓器降(jiang)至(zhi)零位時(shi)拉閘。
5）當(dang)電(dian)壓(ya)升至試驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)，開始計(ji)時(shi)，到1min后(hou)，迅速降(jiang)壓(ya)到1/3試驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)以下時(shi)，才能拉開電(dian)源。
6）在升壓或(huo)(huo)耐壓試(shi)驗過(guo)程中，如發現下列(lie)不正常情況時，應立即降壓，切斷電源。停(ting)止試(shi)驗并查明原(yuan)因：①電壓表指針擺動很大；②發現絕緣燒焦(jiao)或(huo)(huo)冒(mao)煙；③被試(shi)品內(nei)有不正常的聲音。
7）耐壓試驗前后應測量絕緣(yuan)電阻，檢查(cha)絕緣(yuan)情況。
試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器在做(zuo)被試(shi)品的直流耐壓(ya)或泄露試(shi)驗時接線原理圖如(ru)圖6。
注：此(ci)試驗(yan)應先(xian)抽出短路桿“D”，圖(tu)6中所示。
圖中：VD—高壓(ya)硅堆 R1—限流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu) C1—高壓(ya)濾(lv)波電(dian)(dian)容 FRC—阻(zu)容分(fen)壓(ya)器(qi) CX—被試(shi)品 μA—帶保護微安表
泄露試驗中限流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R1選(xuan)擇(ze)在額(e)定(ding)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時，輸(shu)出端(duan)短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流不超過高(gao)壓硅堆(dui)的(de)(de)(de)*大(da)整(zheng)流。如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓硅堆(dui)的(de)(de)(de)*大(da)整(zheng)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為100mA時用于60kV的(de)(de)(de)試驗裝(zhuang)置中，限流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)按(an)R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選(xuan)擇(ze)。限流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)還應具有足夠的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)和沿面(mian)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)距(ju)離。
高(gao)壓濾(lv)波(bo)電(dian)容C1一般選擇在(zai)0.01~0.1μF，當被(bei)試品(pin)的電(dian)容量很(hen)大時(shi)，C1可省(sheng)略不用。
泄露(lu)試(shi)驗的操作及(ji)注意(yi)事項
1）試驗前應先檢查被試品是否停電(dian)，接地(di)放電(dian)，一切(qie)對外連(lian)線是否擦干凈。要嚴防將試驗電(dian)壓(ya)加(jia)到(dao)有人工作的部位上去。
2）接(jie)(jie)好試(shi)驗裝置的(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)線后(hou)(hou)，應(ying)復(fu)查無(wu)誤后(hou)(hou)才可加壓。應(ying)特別注意檢查高壓設備及引線與地、與操作人員的(de)(de)**距離，被試(shi)品的(de)(de)外(wai)殼是否可靠接(jie)(jie)地，要(yao)按**規程中所規定的(de)(de)內(nei)容進行試(shi)驗。
3）對于大電容量設備(bei)應緩慢升(sheng)壓，防(fang)止(zhi)被試品(pin)的充電電流燒壞微(wei)安表(biao)。必要時(shi)應分(fen)級加(jia)壓，分(fen)別讀取各(ge)級電壓下微(wei)安表(biao)的穩定讀數(shu)。
4）試驗過程中，應密切監視被試品、試驗裝置(zhi)、微安表，一旦發(fa)生擊穿、閃爍等異常(chang)現象應立即降壓(ya)，切斷電源，并查明原因，詳細(xi)記(ji)錄。
5）試驗完畢，降(jiang)壓(ya)，切斷電源后應將被試品及試驗裝置本(ben)身充分(fen)放電。
四、WBYD-200KV交流耐壓變壓器注意事項
1、按照您(nin)所(suo)進行的(de)(de)試驗接(jie)好(hao)工(gong)作線路(lu)。試驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)外(wai)殼(ke)以(yi)及(ji)操作系統的(de)(de)外(wai)殼(ke)必(bi)(bi)須可靠(kao)接(jie)地。試驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器高壓(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)的(de)(de)X端(高壓(ya)(ya)尾)以(yi)及(ji)測量(liang)繞(rao)組(zu)的(de)(de)F端必(bi)(bi)須可靠(kao)接(jie)地。
2、做串級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗時，**級(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器的低壓(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)的X端(duan)(duan)，測量繞(rao)組(zu)的F端(duan)(duan)以及高壓(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)的X端(duan)(duan)(高壓(ya)尾)均接本級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器的外殼。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器的外殼必(bi)須通過絕緣支架接地。
3、接通電源前，操作系統的調壓(ya)器必須(xu)調到零位后(hou)方可接通電源，合閘，開始升壓(ya)。
4、從零(ling)(ling)開(kai)始均勻旋轉調壓(ya)器(qi)手輪升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)方法(fa)有(you)：快速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)法(fa)，即(ji)20s逐(zhu)級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)法(fa)；慢速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)法(fa)，即(ji)60s逐(zhu)級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)法(fa)；極慢速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)法(fa)供(gong)選用。電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)從零(ling)(ling)開(kai)始按一定(ding)的(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)方式和速(su)度上升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您(nin)所(suo)需(xu)的(de)額(e)定(ding)試驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)75%后，在以(yi)每秒2%額(e)定(ding)試驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)速(su)度升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您(nin)所(suo)需(xu)的(de)額(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，并密(mi)切(qie)(qie)注意測量儀表的(de)指(zhi)示(shi)以(yi)及(ji)被試品(pin)的(de)情(qing)(qing)況。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)過程中或試驗過程中如發(fa)現測量儀表的(de)指(zhi)示(shi)及(ji)被試品(pin)情(qing)(qing)況異常，應立即(ji)降壓(ya)，切(qie)(qie)斷電(dian)(dian)源，查明(ming)情(qing)(qing)況。
5、試驗完畢后，應(ying)在數秒內(nei)勻(yun)速的將調壓(ya)器返回至(zhi)零(ling)位，然后切(qie)斷電(dian)源。
6、本產品不得超過額定(ding)參數(shu)使用。除試(shi)驗必須外(wai)，決不允許(xu)全(quan)電壓通電或斷電。
7、再升壓或(huo)耐壓試(shi)驗(yan)過程中，如發(fa)現以下不正(zheng)常情況時，應立即降壓，切斷電源，停止試(shi)驗(yan)并(bing)查(cha)明原因。
⑴電壓(ya)表指針擺動(或數字跳動)很大
⑵電流表直線上升
被試(shi)品內有不正常的聲音
8、圖(tu)1中(zhong)第9項(xiang)系壓(ya)力(li)閥(fa)及壓(ya)力(li)表(biao)，為長期關閉狀態。每6個月開閥(fa)一次，以檢查(cha)SF6壓(ya)力(li)，應(ying)不(bu)小于(yu)0.2MPa(檢查(cha)壓(ya)力(li)后立即(ji)關閉閥(fa)門(men))，低于(yu)0.2MPa時應(ying)加(jia)(jia)SF6氣體，以增加(jia)(jia)氣絕緣。
9、耐壓實(shi)驗前后應測量被試(shi)設備的絕緣電阻，檢查(cha)絕緣情況。
10、當試驗變壓器長期不使用時，應放(fang)置于通風(feng)、干(gan)燥、無陽光直(zhi)射的地(di)方(fang)。
11、該產品不允(yun)許在(zai)高于45℃的溫(wen)度下長期(qi)存放、使(shi)用(yong)、放氣。
12、運(yun)輸搬運(yun)途中不得重(zhong)力沖擊。
13、產品緊固(gu)件及(ji)壓(ya)力閥、壓(ya)力表不得擅自松動。
14、使(shi)用本產品做高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)試(shi)驗時，出熟(shu)悉本說明書外，還必須嚴格執行國家有關標準和操作規程。可參照GB311-83《高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)輸變設備的絕緣配合，高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)試(shi)驗技術》；《電氣設備預防性試(shi)驗規程》等。
五、WBYD-200KV交流耐壓變壓器容量選擇
標稱試驗(yan)變壓器容(rong)量Pn的(de)確定公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中：
Pn——標稱試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器容量(kVA)
Vn——試驗變(bian)壓器的額定輸出(chu)高壓的有效值(zhi)(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標稱電(dian)壓Vn≥1MV時(shi)，k=2；標稱電(dian)壓較(jiao)低(di)時(shi)，k值可取高一些。
Ct——被試品的(de)電容量(pF)
ω——角頻(pin)率，ω=2πf， f——試驗電(dian)源(yuan)的頻(pin)率
被(bei)試設(she)備的(de)電容量Ct可由交流電橋(qiao)測出。Ct的(de)變(bian)化很(hen)大，
可由設備的(de)類型(xing)而定。
典型數據如下：
簡單的棒式或懸式絕緣子(zi) 幾十微法(fa)
簡單的分級套管 100～1000pF
電壓互感器 ; 200 ;～ 500pF
電力變壓器 < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高壓電(dian)力電(dian)纜和油浸(jin)紙絕緣 250～300pF/m
氣體絕(jue)緣 ～60pF/m
封(feng)閉變電站，SF6氣體絕緣 100～10000Pf;
對(dui)于不同的試驗(yan)電(dian)壓Vn，選擇不同的(適當的)**系數k。
以下列出不同的(de)Vn所選(xuan)用(yong)的(de)k值供參考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2