一(yi)、WBYD-150KV交直流試驗變壓器概(gai)述
YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)是根據《試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)》標(biao)準，在油浸式(shi)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)而設計(ji)生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣體具有(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣絕緣(yuan)性能及(ji)優(you)異的(de)(de)(de)(de)滅弧性能，其耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)強度為同一(yi)(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下(xia)氮氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍，擊(ji)穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍。在0.25MPa下(xia)與油的(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)相等，在0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下(xia)是油的(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍，是一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)優(you)于油的(de)(de)(de)(de)新一(yi)(yi)代超高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)絕緣(yuan)介質材(cai)料。該產品技術要(yao)求完全符合《ZBK-41006-89》標(biao)準，它是油浸式(shi)輕(qing)型試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)換代產品。該產品具有(you)體積小、重量輕(qing)、不受氣候變(bian)化影響(xiang)、電(dian)(dian)暈小、現場搬運無(wu)需(xu)靜止可使(shi)用，使(shi)用壽(shou)命長、免維修等特點。適用于電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統、工(gong)礦企業(ye)、科研部(bu)門等對各種(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)氣設備、電(dian)(dian)氣元(yuan)件(jian)、絕緣(yuan)材(cai)料進行工(gong)頻或直流高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)強度試驗(yan)。
二、WBYD-150KV交直流試驗變壓器產品結構
YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器采用單框芯式(shi)鐵(tie)芯結構，初級繞組繞在(zai)鐵(tie)芯上，高(gao)壓(ya)繞組在(zai)外(wai)，這種(zhong)同(tong)軸(zhou)布(bu)置減少了漏磁通，因而增大(da)了繞組間的(de)耦合。產品的(de)外(wai)殼為圓柱灌式(shi)容(rong)器結構，能耐受0.8MPa以上壓(ya)力。其結構見圖(tu)1：
三、WBYD-150KV交直流試驗變壓器工作原理
YDQ系列高(gao)(gao)壓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓器為(wei)單(dan)相變壓器，聯(lian)結組標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用工頻220V(10kVA以上為(wei)380V)電(dian)源(yuan)接(jie)入(ru) (為(wei)本(ben)公司生產(chan)的(de)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓器配(pei)套專用設備，詳細資料請見(jian)其具體使用說明書)系列操作箱(臺(tai))，經操作箱內(nei)自偶調壓器(50kVA以上調壓器外(wai)附)調節至(zhi)0～200V(或0～400V)電(dian)壓輸出至(zhi)YDQ試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓器的(de)初級繞組，根據電(dian)磁感應(ying)原理，在試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓器高(gao)(gao)壓繞組可獲得試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)所需的(de)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)壓。
單臺YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器的工作(zuo)原理圖見圖2。
單臺YDQ系列交直流高(gao)壓試驗變(bian)壓器的工作原理圖見圖3，圖中高(gao)壓套管(guan)中裝有(you)高(gao)壓硅堆，串接在(zai)高(gao)壓回路(lu)中作半波整(zheng)流，以獲得(de)直流高(gao)電壓。當(dang)用一短(duan)(duan)路(lu)桿將高(gao)壓硅堆短(duan)(duan)接時，可獲得(de)工頻(pin)高(gao)電壓，作為交流輸出狀(zhuang)態；取消短(duan)(duan)路(lu)桿時，作為直流輸出狀(zhuang)態。
試驗變壓器高(gao)壓套管(guan)中的(de)高(gao)壓硅(gui)堆(dui)未畫(hua)出，其原理與上(shang)圖相同。
三臺試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更(geng)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)線原(yuan)理見圖4。串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有很(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)優越性(xing)，因為(wei)整個試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝置由幾臺單(dan)臺試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組成(cheng)，單(dan)臺試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容量小(xiao)(xiao)、電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重量輕(qing)，便于(yu)運輸(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)安裝。它(ta)既然可串接(jie)成(cheng)高(gao)出幾倍的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)臺試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)組合使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，又可分(fen)開成(cheng)幾套單(dan)臺試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)獨使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。整套裝置投(tou)資小(xiao)(xiao)，經濟實惠。圖5中，在**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)每個單(dan)元(yuan)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中都有一個勵(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組A1、C1和(he)(he)A2、C2。在三臺串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原(yuan)理中，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)源加在試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組a1x1上(shang)，單(dan)臺試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)都是V。勵(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組A1、C1給**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組供電(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)勵(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組A2、C2給第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組供電(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)(he)第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)體(ti)分(fen)別(bie)處在對(dui)地(di)為(wei)1V和(he)(he)2V的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)上(shang)，所(suo)以(yi)箱(xiang)體(ti)對(dui)地(di)是絕緣(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)，試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)體(ti)是接(jie)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)額定輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)1V、2V、3V；其額定容量分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系(xi)列高壓試驗變壓器做被試品的工頻耐壓試驗使用接(jie)線原理圖見圖5。
圖(tu)中：R1—限流電阻 FRC—阻容(rong)分壓器 RF—球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)保護電阻 G—球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi) CX—被試品(pin)
注：高壓尾必須可靠接(jie)地
工(gong)頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)中(zhong)限流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R1應根據試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)額定(ding)容量來選(xuan)擇。如高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)側額定(ding)輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在100～300mA時，可(ke)取0.5～1Ω/V(試驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya))；高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)側額定(ding)輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為1A以上(shang)時，可(ke)取1Ω/V(試驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya))。常用(yong)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)作為限流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，管子長度可(ke)按150kV/m考慮，管子粗細(xi)應具有足夠(gou)的(de)熱(re)容量(水(shui)(shui)阻(zu)液(ye)配制方(fang)法：用(yong)蒸餾水(shui)(shui)加(jia)入適量硫酸銅配制成各種不同的(de)阻(zu)值)。
球(qiu)間隙及保(bao)(bao)護電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)：當電(dian)壓超過(guo)球(qiu)間隙整定值(zhi)時(一般取(qu)試(shi)(shi)驗電(dian)壓的(de)110%~120%)，球(qiu)間隙放(fang)電(dian)，對被(bei)試(shi)(shi)品起到保(bao)(bao)護作用。球(qiu)間隙保(bao)(bao)護電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)可按1Ω/V(試(shi)(shi)驗電(dian)壓)選(xuan)取(qu)。
在(zai)工頻(pin)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗中，低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)測(ce)(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不(bu)是(shi)非常準確(que)(que)的，其(qi)原(yuan)因(yin)是(shi)由(you)于試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器存(cun)在(zai)著漏抗，在(zai)這個漏抗上(shang)(shang)(shang)必然(ran)存(cun)在(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降或容升，使(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品上(shang)(shang)(shang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低于或高(gao)(gao)于低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)測(ce)(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表上(shang)(shang)(shang)反(fan)映出來(lai)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻(pin)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗時，被試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品上(shang)(shang)(shang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)(gao)于試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也(ye)就是(shi)所(suo)謂容升現象。感(gan)應耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗時，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的漏抗必然(ran)存(cun)在(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為了(le)準確(que)(que)測(ce)(ce)量被試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品上(shang)(shang)(shang)所(suo)施加的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因(yin)此常在(zai)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)接入(ru)FRC阻容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器來(lai)測(ce)(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工頻(pin)耐壓試驗操作注意事(shi)項
1）試驗人員(yuan)應做好分工(gong)，明確相互間(jian)聯系方法。并有專(zhuan)門人監護現場**及觀察試品狀態(tai)。
2）被試(shi)品應(ying)先清掃干凈，并**干燥，以免(mian)損壞被試(shi)品和試(shi)驗帶來的誤(wu)差。
3）對于大型試(shi)(shi)驗，一般(ban)都應先進(jin)行空(kong)升試(shi)(shi)驗。即不接試(shi)(shi)品時(shi)升壓(ya)至試(shi)(shi)驗電壓(ya)，校對各種表計，調整球間隙。
4）升壓(ya)速度(du)不(bu)能太快(kuai)，并必(bi)須防止突然加壓(ya)。例如調壓(ya)器不(bu)在(zai)零(ling)位時突然合閘(zha)。也不(bu)能突然切斷電源，一般(ban)應在(zai)調壓(ya)器降至零(ling)位時拉閘(zha)。
5）當電(dian)(dian)壓升至試(shi)(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓時，開(kai)始計時，到(dao)(dao)1min后，迅速降壓到(dao)(dao)1/3試(shi)(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓以(yi)下時，才能拉開(kai)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。
6）在升(sheng)壓或耐壓試(shi)驗過程中，如發(fa)現下列不正常(chang)(chang)情況(kuang)時，應立(li)即(ji)降(jiang)壓，切斷電源。停止試(shi)驗并查明原因：①電壓表(biao)指針擺動(dong)很大；②發(fa)現絕緣(yuan)燒焦(jiao)或冒煙；③被試(shi)品(pin)內有不正常(chang)(chang)的聲(sheng)音(yin)。
7）耐壓試(shi)驗前后應測量絕(jue)緣電阻，檢查(cha)絕(jue)緣情況。
試驗變壓器在做被試品的直流耐(nai)壓或泄露(lu)試驗時接線(xian)原理圖如圖6。
注：此試驗應先抽出短路桿(gan)“D”，圖6中所示。
圖(tu)中：VD—高(gao)壓硅堆 R1—限流(liu)電阻(zu) C1—高(gao)壓濾波(bo)電容 FRC—阻(zu)容分壓器 CX—被試品 μA—帶保護微安(an)表
泄(xie)露(lu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中(zhong)限流(liu)電(dian)阻R1選擇在額定輸出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時，輸出(chu)端(duan)短路(lu)電(dian)流(liu)不超(chao)過高壓(ya)(ya)硅堆的(de)*大整(zheng)流(liu)。如電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)硅堆的(de)*大整(zheng)流(liu)電(dian)流(liu)為100mA時用于(yu)60kV的(de)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)裝置(zhi)中(zhong)，限流(liu)電(dian)阻按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇。限流(liu)電(dian)阻還應具有(you)足夠的(de)容量和沿面放電(dian)距離。
高(gao)壓濾波(bo)電容(rong)C1一(yi)般選(xuan)擇在(zai)0.01~0.1μF，當被試(shi)品的電容(rong)量很大時(shi)，C1可省略(lve)不用。
泄露(lu)試(shi)驗的(de)操作(zuo)及注意(yi)事(shi)項
1）試(shi)(shi)驗前應先檢查(cha)被試(shi)(shi)品是否停(ting)電(dian)，接地放電(dian)，一切對外連線(xian)是否擦干凈(jing)。要嚴防將試(shi)(shi)驗電(dian)壓加到有(you)人工作的部位上(shang)去。
2）接(jie)好試驗裝置的(de)接(jie)線(xian)后(hou)，應(ying)復查(cha)(cha)無誤后(hou)才可加壓。應(ying)特別(bie)注意檢查(cha)(cha)高(gao)壓設備及引線(xian)與地、與操作人員的(de)**距(ju)離，被試品的(de)外殼(ke)是否(fou)可靠(kao)接(jie)地，要(yao)按(an)**規(gui)程中所規(gui)定(ding)的(de)內容進行試驗。
3）對于大電(dian)容量設備應緩慢升壓，防(fang)止被試品的(de)充電(dian)電(dian)流燒壞微(wei)安表。必要時(shi)應分級(ji)(ji)加壓，分別讀取各(ge)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)壓下微(wei)安表的(de)穩定讀數。
4）試驗過(guo)程中，應(ying)密切監視被(bei)試品、試驗裝置、微安表，一旦發生擊穿(chuan)、閃(shan)爍等異(yi)常(chang)現(xian)象應(ying)立即降壓(ya)，切斷(duan)電(dian)源，并(bing)查(cha)明原因，詳細記錄(lu)。
5）試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)完畢，降壓，切斷(duan)電源后應將被試(shi)(shi)品及試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)裝置本身充分(fen)放電。
四、WBYD-150KV交直流試驗變壓器注意事項
1、按照您所(suo)進(jin)行的(de)(de)試驗(yan)接好工作(zuo)線路。試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)外殼以及(ji)操作(zuo)系統的(de)(de)外殼必(bi)須可靠(kao)(kao)接地(di)。試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)高(gao)壓(ya)繞組的(de)(de)X端(高(gao)壓(ya)尾)以及(ji)測量繞組的(de)(de)F端必(bi)須可靠(kao)(kao)接地(di)。
2、做串(chuan)級(ji)試(shi)驗時，**級(ji)、第(di)(di)三級(ji)試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)低壓(ya)(ya)繞組(zu)的(de)X端，測量(liang)繞組(zu)的(de)F端以(yi)及高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)繞組(zu)的(de)X端(高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)尾)均接本(ben)級(ji)試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)外(wai)殼。**級(ji)、第(di)(di)三級(ji)試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)外(wai)殼必須通過絕緣支(zhi)架接地。
3、接通電源前，操作系(xi)統的調壓(ya)器必須調到零(ling)位后方可(ke)接通電源，合閘(zha)，開始(shi)升壓(ya)。
4、從零開始(shi)均(jun)勻旋轉調壓(ya)(ya)器手輪(lun)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)方法(fa)有：快速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即(ji)20s逐(zhu)(zhu)級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法(fa)；慢速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即(ji)60s逐(zhu)(zhu)級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法(fa)；極慢速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法(fa)供選用。電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)從零開始(shi)按一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)方式和速(su)度(du)(du)上升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您所需的(de)(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)75%后(hou)，在(zai)以每秒(miao)2%額(e)定(ding)試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)速(su)度(du)(du)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您所需的(de)(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，并密切(qie)注意測量儀表(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)指示(shi)以及被(bei)試(shi)品的(de)(de)(de)情況。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)過程中(zhong)或試(shi)驗(yan)過程中(zhong)如(ru)發(fa)現測量儀表(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)指示(shi)及被(bei)試(shi)品情況異常，應立即(ji)降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)，切(qie)斷電(dian)源，查明情況。
5、試(shi)驗完畢后，應(ying)在數秒內勻速的將調壓器返回至(zhi)零位，然(ran)后切斷電源。
6、本(ben)產品不得超過額(e)定參數(shu)使用(yong)。除試驗必須外，決不允許全電壓通(tong)電或斷電。
7、再升壓或耐壓試驗過(guo)程中，如發現以下不正常情況時，應立即降(jiang)壓，切斷電源，停止試驗并(bing)查(cha)明(ming)原因。
⑴電壓表指(zhi)針擺動(或數字跳動)很大
⑵電流(liu)表直線(xian)上(shang)升
被試品內(nei)有不正常的聲音
8、圖(tu)1中第(di)9項系(xi)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)閥及壓(ya)(ya)力(li)表，為長期關閉狀態。每6個(ge)月開閥一次，以檢查SF6壓(ya)(ya)力(li)，應不小于0.2MPa(檢查壓(ya)(ya)力(li)后立(li)即(ji)關閉閥門)，低于0.2MPa時應加SF6氣體，以增加氣絕緣。
9、耐壓(ya)實(shi)驗前(qian)后應測量被試(shi)設備的絕緣電阻，檢(jian)查絕緣情況。
10、當試(shi)驗變壓器(qi)長(chang)期不使用時，應(ying)放置(zhi)于通風、干燥、無陽光直射的地方。
11、該(gai)產品不允許在(zai)高于45℃的溫度下長期存放、使用、放氣。
12、運輸搬運途中不得重力沖擊。
13、產品緊固件及壓(ya)力(li)(li)閥、壓(ya)力(li)(li)表(biao)不得擅自(zi)松動。
14、使用本(ben)(ben)產品(pin)做高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時，出熟悉本(ben)(ben)說明書外(wai)，還(huan)必須嚴(yan)格執行國家有(you)關(guan)標準和操作規(gui)程。可(ke)參照(zhao)GB311-83《高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)輸變設(she)備的絕緣(yuan)配合，高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)技術(shu)》；《電氣設(she)備預防性試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)規(gui)程》等。
五、WBYD-150KV交直流試驗變壓器容量選擇
標稱試驗變壓器容量Pn的確定(ding)公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中：
Pn——標稱試驗變壓器(qi)容量(kVA)
Vn——試驗變壓器的(de)額(e)定輸出高(gao)壓的(de)有效值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標稱(cheng)電壓Vn≥1MV時(shi)，k=2；標稱(cheng)電壓較(jiao)低時(shi)，k值可取高一些。
Ct——被試品的電容量(pF)
ω——角(jiao)頻率，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源的頻率
被試設(she)備的電容量Ct可由交流電橋測出。Ct的變化很大，
可由設(she)備的類(lei)型(xing)而(er)定(ding)。
典型數據如下：
簡(jian)單的(de)棒式或(huo)懸式絕緣子 幾十(shi)微法(fa)
簡單的分(fen)級套管 100～1000pF
電壓互感器(qi) 200 ～ 500pF
電(dian)力(li)變(bian)壓器 < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA ;1000～10000pF
高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)力電(dian)纜和(he)油浸紙絕緣 250～300pF/m
氣體絕緣(yuan) ～60pF/m
封閉(bi)變電站(zhan)，SF6氣體絕緣(yuan) ; 100～10000Pf;
對于不同的(de)試驗電壓Vn，選擇不同的(de)(適當的(de))**系(xi)數k。
以(yi)下(xia)列出不同的Vn所選用的k值供參考。
Vn =50~100kV ; k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2