一、WBYD-100KV交直流耐壓發生器概述
YDQ系(xi)列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)是根據《試(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)》標準(zhun)(zhun)，在(zai)油浸式(shi)試(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)基礎上而設計生(sheng)產的(de)。SF6氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)具有(you)(you)良好的(de)電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)絕緣(yuan)性能及優異的(de)滅弧性能，其耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)強(qiang)(qiang)度為(wei)同一(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下(xia)(xia)氮氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)2.5倍，擊(ji)穿電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)2.5倍。在(zai)0.25MPa下(xia)(xia)與油的(de)擊(ji)穿電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)相等，在(zai)0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下(xia)(xia)是油的(de)擊(ji)穿電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)2倍，是一(yi)種優于(yu)油的(de)新(xin)一(yi)代超(chao)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)絕緣(yuan)介(jie)質材料。該(gai)產品技術要(yao)求完全(quan)符合《ZBK-41006-89》標準(zhun)(zhun)，它(ta)是油浸式(shi)輕型試(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)換代產品。該(gai)產品具有(you)(you)體(ti)積(ji)小(xiao)、重(zhong)量(liang)輕、不受氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候變(bian)(bian)化(hua)影(ying)響(xiang)、電(dian)暈小(xiao)、現場搬運無需靜(jing)止可使用(yong)，使用(yong)壽命長(chang)、免維(wei)修等特點。適用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統、工(gong)礦企業(ye)、科研(yan)部門等對各種高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)設備(bei)、電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)元(yuan)件、絕緣(yuan)材料進行工(gong)頻或直流(liu)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)(xia)的(de)絕緣(yuan)強(qiang)(qiang)度試(shi)驗。
二、WBYD-100KV交直流耐壓發生器產品結構
YDQ系(xi)列高壓試驗變壓器(qi)采用(yong)單框(kuang)芯式(shi)鐵芯結構，初級繞(rao)(rao)組繞(rao)(rao)在鐵芯上(shang)，高壓繞(rao)(rao)組在外，這(zhe)種同軸布置減(jian)少(shao)了漏磁通，因而增大(da)了繞(rao)(rao)組間的耦合。產(chan)品(pin)的外殼為圓柱灌式(shi)容器(qi)結構，能耐受0.8MPa以上(shang)壓力。其結構見圖1：
三、WBYD-100KV交直流耐壓發生器工作原理
YDQ系(xi)(xi)列(lie)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)為(wei)單相變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)，聯結(jie)組標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用工頻220V(10kVA以上為(wei)380V)電源接入 (為(wei)本(ben)公司(si)生產的(de)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)配套(tao)專(zhuan)用設備，詳細資料請見(jian)其(qi)具體(ti)使(shi)用說(shuo)明書)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)操(cao)(cao)作箱(xiang)(臺)，經(jing)操(cao)(cao)作箱(xiang)內自偶調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(50kVA以上調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)外附)調(diao)節至0～200V(或0～400V)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)輸出至YDQ試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)初級繞組，根據電磁感應原理，在試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞組可獲(huo)得試(shi)驗(yan)所需的(de)高電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列高壓試驗變(bian)壓器的工作原理圖見圖2。
單臺YDQ系列(lie)交直(zhi)流(liu)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器的工作原理(li)圖(tu)見(jian)圖(tu)3，圖(tu)中高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)套管(guan)中裝(zhuang)有高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)硅堆，串接在(zai)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)回路中作半波整(zheng)流(liu)，以獲得(de)直(zhi)流(liu)高(gao)(gao)電壓(ya)。當用一短(duan)(duan)路桿將(jiang)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)硅堆短(duan)(duan)接時(shi)，可獲得(de)工頻高(gao)(gao)電壓(ya)，作為交流(liu)輸出狀態；取消(xiao)短(duan)(duan)路桿時(shi)，作為直(zhi)流(liu)輸出狀態。
試驗變壓器高(gao)壓套管中的高(gao)壓硅堆未畫出(chu)，其原理與上(shang)圖相(xiang)同(tong)。
三臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲(huo)得(de)更高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)線原(yuan)理見圖4。串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)很大的(de)(de)(de)優越性，因為(wei)整個試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)置由幾(ji)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)成(cheng)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)容(rong)量小(xiao)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)、重量輕，便于(yu)運輸(shu)(shu)和(he)安(an)裝(zhuang)。它既然(ran)可(ke)串接(jie)成(cheng)高出(chu)(chu)幾(ji)倍的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)合使(shi)用，又可(ke)分開成(cheng)幾(ji)套單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)獨使(shi)用。整套裝(zhuang)置投資小(xiao)，經濟(ji)實惠。圖5中(zhong)，在(zai)(zai)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)每個單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)元試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)都有(you)一個勵(li)磁繞(rao)組(zu)A1、C1和(he)A2、C2。在(zai)(zai)三臺(tai)(tai)(tai)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原(yuan)理中(zhong)，低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源加在(zai)(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)a1x1上，單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都是V。勵(li)磁繞(rao)組(zu)A1、C1給(gei)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)勵(li)磁繞(rao)組(zu)A2、C2給(gei)第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)箱體分別處在(zai)(zai)對地(di)(di)為(wei)1V和(he)2V的(de)(de)(de)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)位上，所以箱體對地(di)(di)是絕緣的(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)箱體是接(jie)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)對地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)額定輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分別為(wei)1V、2V、3V；其(qi)額定容(rong)量分別為(wei)3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高壓試(shi)(shi)驗變壓器做被試(shi)(shi)品(pin)的工頻(pin)耐(nai)壓試(shi)(shi)驗使(shi)用接(jie)線原理(li)圖(tu)見(jian)圖(tu)5。
圖中(zhong)：R1—限流電阻 FRC—阻容分壓器 RF—球(qiu)(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)保護電阻 G—球(qiu)(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi) ; CX—被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)
注：高(gao)壓尾必須(xu)可靠接(jie)地
工頻(pin)耐壓(ya)試驗中限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)R1應根據試驗變壓(ya)器的額定(ding)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)來(lai)選擇。如(ru)高壓(ya)側額定(ding)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在100～300mA時(shi)(shi)，可(ke)取0.5～1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya))；高壓(ya)側額定(ding)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為(wei)1A以(yi)上時(shi)(shi)，可(ke)取1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya))。常用(yong)水電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)作為(wei)限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)，管子長度(du)可(ke)按150kV/m考(kao)慮，管子粗細應具(ju)有足(zu)夠(gou)的熱容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(水阻(zu)(zu)(zu)液配制方法：用(yong)蒸餾(liu)水加入(ru)適(shi)量(liang)硫酸銅配制成各(ge)種不(bu)同的阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi))。
球間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)及保(bao)護電(dian)阻：當電(dian)壓(ya)超(chao)過(guo)球間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)整定值時(一般取試驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)的110%~120%)，球間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)放電(dian)，對被試品起(qi)到保(bao)護作用。球間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)保(bao)護電(dian)阻可按1Ω/V(試驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya))選取。
在(zai)工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)中，低(di)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya))不是(shi)非(fei)常準(zhun)確(que)的(de)(de)，其(qi)原(yuan)因是(shi)由于試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器存在(zai)著漏(lou)抗，在(zai)這個漏(lou)抗上(shang)必然存在(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)或容升，使試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)上(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)于或高于低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)表上(shang)反映出來的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時(shi)，被試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)上(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高于試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是(shi)所(suo)謂容升現象。感應耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時(shi)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)漏(lou)抗必然存在(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)。為了準(zhun)確(que)測量(liang)被試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)上(shang)所(suo)施加(jia)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此常在(zai)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側接入FRC阻容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器來測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工頻耐壓試(shi)驗操作注意(yi)事項
1）試驗(yan)人員應做好分工，明確相互(hu)間聯系(xi)方法。并有專門人監護(hu)現(xian)場(chang)**及觀察(cha)試品(pin)狀態。
2）被試(shi)品應(ying)先清(qing)掃干凈，并**干燥，以免損壞被試(shi)品和試(shi)驗帶來的誤差。
3）對(dui)于大型試(shi)驗，一般(ban)都應先(xian)進行(xing)空升試(shi)驗。即不接(jie)試(shi)品時升壓(ya)至試(shi)驗電壓(ya)，校對(dui)各種表計(ji)，調整球間(jian)隙。
4）升(sheng)壓(ya)速度不能太快，并必須防止突(tu)然(ran)加(jia)壓(ya)。例如(ru)調(diao)壓(ya)器不在(zai)零位(wei)時突(tu)然(ran)合(he)閘(zha)。也不能突(tu)然(ran)切斷電源(yuan)，一(yi)般應在(zai)調(diao)壓(ya)器降至(zhi)零位(wei)時拉閘(zha)。
5）當電(dian)壓(ya)升至試驗電(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)，開(kai)始計(ji)時(shi)，到1min后(hou)，迅(xun)速降壓(ya)到1/3試驗電(dian)壓(ya)以下時(shi)，才能拉(la)開(kai)電(dian)源。
6）在(zai)升壓或(huo)耐(nai)壓試驗過程(cheng)中，如(ru)發現下列(lie)不正常情況時，應立即降壓，切斷(duan)電源。停止試驗并查明原因：①電壓表(biao)指(zhi)針擺動很大；②發現絕緣燒焦或(huo)冒煙(yan)；③被試品內(nei)有不正常的聲音(yin)。
7）耐壓試(shi)驗前后應測量絕(jue)緣電阻，檢(jian)查(cha)絕(jue)緣情況。
試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器在(zai)做被試品的直流(liu)耐(nai)壓(ya)或泄露試驗(yan)時接線原理圖(tu)如圖(tu)6。
注：此(ci)試驗應先抽(chou)出短路桿“D”，圖6中所示。
圖(tu)中：VD—高(gao)壓硅(gui)堆 R1—限流電阻(zu) C1—高(gao)壓濾波(bo)電容(rong) FRC—阻(zu)容(rong)分壓器(qi) ; CX—被試品(pin) μA—帶保護微(wei)安(an)表
泄露(lu)試驗中(zhong)限流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻R1選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)在額定輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)，輸(shu)出(chu)端短路電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)不超過高(gao)壓硅(gui)堆的*大整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。如電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓硅(gui)堆的*大整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)為100mA時(shi)用于60kV的試驗裝置(zhi)中(zhong)，限流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻按(an)R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)。限流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻還應(ying)具有足夠的容量和沿面放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)距離。
高(gao)壓濾(lv)波電(dian)容C1一(yi)般選擇在0.01~0.1μF，當被(bei)試品的電(dian)容量很(hen)大時，C1可(ke)省略不(bu)用(yong)。
泄露試驗的(de)操作及(ji)注意事項
1）試(shi)驗前應(ying)先檢查被(bei)試(shi)品是否停電，接地放電，一切對外連線是否擦(ca)干凈。要嚴防(fang)將(jiang)試(shi)驗電壓加到(dao)有人工(gong)作的部位上去。
2）接(jie)(jie)好試(shi)驗(yan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的接(jie)(jie)線后(hou)，應復查無誤后(hou)才可(ke)(ke)加壓。應特別注意檢(jian)查高壓設備及(ji)引線與(yu)地、與(yu)操(cao)作人員的**距離，被試(shi)品的外(wai)殼是否可(ke)(ke)靠接(jie)(jie)地，要按**規(gui)程中所規(gui)定(ding)的內容進行試(shi)驗(yan)。
3）對(dui)于(yu)大(da)電(dian)容量設備(bei)應緩慢升(sheng)壓，防止被試(shi)品的充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流燒壞微安(an)(an)表。必要時(shi)應分級(ji)(ji)加(jia)壓，分別(bie)讀取各(ge)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)壓下微安(an)(an)表的穩定讀數。
4）試(shi)驗(yan)過程中，應(ying)密切監視被試(shi)品、試(shi)驗(yan)裝置、微安表，一旦發生擊(ji)穿、閃爍等(deng)異常現象應(ying)立即降壓，切斷電源，并(bing)查明原因，詳細記錄。
5）試(shi)驗(yan)完畢，降壓(ya)，切(qie)斷電源后應將被(bei)試(shi)品及(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)裝(zhuang)置本身(shen)充分放電。
四、WBYD-100KV交直流耐壓發生器注意事項
1、按照您所(suo)進(jin)行的(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)驗接好工作線路(lu)。試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)外殼(ke)以(yi)及(ji)操作系統的(de)(de)外殼(ke)必須可靠接地。試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器高壓(ya)(ya)繞組的(de)(de)X端(高壓(ya)(ya)尾)以(yi)及(ji)測量(liang)繞組的(de)(de)F端必須可靠接地。
2、做串級(ji)試(shi)驗時，**級(ji)、第三(san)級(ji)試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)低壓(ya)繞組的(de)X端，測(ce)量(liang)繞組的(de)F端以及高壓(ya)繞組的(de)X端(高壓(ya)尾)均接(jie)本級(ji)試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)外(wai)殼。**級(ji)、第三(san)級(ji)試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)外(wai)殼必(bi)須通過絕緣支架接(jie)地。
3、接通電(dian)源(yuan)前，操(cao)作系統的調壓器必須(xu)調到(dao)零位(wei)后方可接通電(dian)源(yuan)，合閘，開始升壓。
4、從零(ling)開始均勻(yun)旋轉調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器手輪升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)法有：快速(su)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法，即(ji)(ji)20s逐(zhu)級升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法；慢(man)速(su)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法，即(ji)(ji)60s逐(zhu)級升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法；極慢(man)速(su)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法供選用。電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)從零(ling)開始按一定的升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)式和(he)速(su)度(du)上升(sheng)到您所(suo)需的額定試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的75%后，在以每(mei)秒2%額定試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的速(su)度(du)升(sheng)到您所(suo)需的額定電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，并密(mi)切(qie)注意測(ce)量儀表的指示以及被(bei)試(shi)品的情況(kuang)。升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過程中或試(shi)驗過程中如發現測(ce)量儀表的指示及被(bei)試(shi)品情況(kuang)異常，應立(li)即(ji)(ji)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，切(qie)斷電(dian)源(yuan)，查(cha)明(ming)情況(kuang)。
5、試驗完畢(bi)后，應在數秒(miao)內勻速的將調壓器返回至零位，然后切斷電源。
6、本產(chan)品不得(de)超過額(e)定參數使用。除試驗必須外，決不允許全電(dian)壓通(tong)電(dian)或斷電(dian)。
7、再升壓或(huo)耐壓試(shi)驗過程中，如發現以下不正常情況時，應立(li)即(ji)降(jiang)壓，切(qie)斷電源(yuan)，停止試(shi)驗并查明原因。
⑴電(dian)壓表指針(zhen)擺動(dong)(或數(shu)字跳動(dong))很大
⑵電流表直線(xian)上升
被試品內有不正常的聲音
8、圖1中第9項(xiang)系壓(ya)力(li)閥(fa)及壓(ya)力(li)表，為長期關(guan)閉狀態。每6個月開閥(fa)一次，以(yi)檢查SF6壓(ya)力(li)，應(ying)不小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)0.2MPa(檢查壓(ya)力(li)后立即關(guan)閉閥(fa)門)，低于(yu)(yu)0.2MPa時應(ying)加SF6氣體，以(yi)增加氣絕緣。
9、耐壓實驗前后(hou)應測量(liang)被試(shi)設備的(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電阻，檢查絕(jue)緣(yuan)情況(kuang)。
10、當試驗變壓器長期不(bu)使用時，應放置于通風(feng)、干燥、無陽光(guang)直射(she)的地方。
11、該(gai)產品不允許在高于(yu)45℃的溫度下長期(qi)存放、使用、放氣。
12、運(yun)輸搬運(yun)途中不得(de)重力沖擊。
13、產品緊固件及壓(ya)力(li)閥、壓(ya)力(li)表不得擅自松動。
14、使用本產品(pin)做高壓試(shi)驗(yan)時，出熟(shu)悉本說(shuo)明書外，還必須嚴格執行國家(jia)有關標(biao)準和操作規(gui)程(cheng)。可參(can)照GB311-83《高壓輸(shu)變設(she)(she)備(bei)的絕緣配合，高壓試(shi)驗(yan)技術》；《電(dian)氣設(she)(she)備(bei)預防性(xing)試(shi)驗(yan)規(gui)程(cheng)》等(deng)。
五、WBYD-100KV交直流耐壓發生器容量選擇
標(biao)稱試驗變壓器(qi)容量(liang)Pn的(de)確定公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中(zhong)：
Pn——標稱試驗變壓器容量(kVA)
Vn——試驗變壓器(qi)的額定輸出高壓的有效值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)壓Vn≥1MV時(shi)，k=2；標稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)壓較低(di)時(shi)，k值可(ke)取高一些(xie)。
Ct——被試(shi)品的電容量(pF)
ω——角頻(pin)率，ω=2πf， f——試(shi)驗電源的頻(pin)率
被試設備的(de)電容量(liang)Ct可(ke)由交流電橋測出。Ct的(de)變化很大，
可由設備(bei)的類型而定。
典型數(shu)據如(ru)下：
簡單的棒式或(huo)懸式絕緣子 幾十微法
簡單的(de)分級套管 100～1000pF
電壓互感(gan)器 200 ～ 500pF
電力變壓器 < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高壓(ya)電力電纜和(he)油浸(jin)紙絕緣 250～300pF/m
氣體絕緣 ～60pF/m
封閉變(bian)電站，SF6氣體絕緣 100～10000Pf;
對于(yu)不同的試驗電壓Vn，選(xuan)擇不同的(適(shi)當的)**系數k。
以(yi)下(xia)列出不同的Vn所選用(yong)的k值供(gong)參考(kao)。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV ; k = 3
Vn > 300kV ; k = 2